Psychology / Psychotherapy: 115b - Anxiety Disorders

Psychotherapy: 115b - Anxiety Disorders

Psychology15 CardsCreated 6 months ago

This flashcard set outlines diagnostic criteria for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)—requiring time-consuming obsessions or compulsions with insight—as well as the neuroanatomy of fear and anxiety, involving the amygdala, hippocampus, and related systems. It also notes that specific phobias often present in childhood or early adulthood, with earlier onset linked to higher remission rates.

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What is required to diagnose OCD?

Presence of either obsessions or compulsions (or both)
Individual has realized that the obsessions and/or compulsions are unreasonable (has insight)
Symptoms are time consuming

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Key Terms

Term

Definition

What is required to diagnose OCD?

Presence of either obsessions or compulsions (or both)
Individual has realized that the obsessions and/or c...

Which parts of the brain are important for regulating fear and anxiety states?

Amygdala

Also hippocampus, locus coeruleus, hypothalamic/pituitary/adr...

When does specific phobia usually present?

Bimodal onset: Childhood or early adulthood

Early onset cases are more likely to remit<...

Which medications can be used to manage panic disorder?

SSRIs
Benzos (2nd line, should not be used long-term)
May serve a a...

Which parts of the DSM-5 criteria are similar for all anxiety disorders?

Symptoms must be:

Persistent
Out of proportion to the threat/danger
Cause clinically significant distre...

Which areas of the brain have increased activity in patients with OCD?

Cingulate
Caudate
Prefrontal cortex

Which neurotransmitters have a role in anxiety?

GABA
Too little GABA = anxiety
Serotinin
Too little serotonin = anxiety
NE
Poor regulation w/

In general, what is the prognosis for anxiety disorders?

Chronic illness, but many improve with treatment

80% remit or improve

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Psychotherapy: 115b - Anxiety Disorders

Term	Definition
What is required to diagnose OCD?	Presence of either obsessions or compulsions (or both) Individual has realized that the obsessions and/or compulsions are unreasonable (has insight) Symptoms are time consuming
Which parts of the brain are important for regulating fear and anxiety states?	Amygdala Also hippocampus, locus coeruleus, hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenocortical axis
When does specific phobia usually present?	Bimodal onset: Childhood or early adulthood Early onset cases are more likely to remit
Which medications can be used to manage panic disorder?	SSRIs Benzos (2nd line, should not be used long-term) May serve a a bridge since SSRIs take awhile to start working
Which parts of the DSM-5 criteria are similar for all anxiety disorders?	Symptoms must be: Persistent Out of proportion to the threat/danger Cause clinically significant distress or impariment
Which areas of the brain have increased activity in patients with OCD?	Cingulate Caudate Prefrontal cortex
“Chronic daily worry” is a symptom of which anxiety disorder?	Generalized anxiety disorder
Which anxiety disorder is most likley to benefit from surgical intervention if medical management is unsuccessful?	OCD We understand more about the neural circuitry: OCD results from overactive cingulate, caudate, and prefrontal cortex
Which neurotransmitters have a role in anxiety?	GABA Too little GABA = anxiety Serotinin Too little serotonin = anxiety NE Poor regulation w/Bursts of NE = anxiety
What is the most common obsession found in OCD?	Uncleanliness obsessions
In general, what is the prognosis for anxiety disorders?	Chronic illness, but many improve with treatment 80% remit or improve 30% remit 50% improve 20% remain significantly ill Varies with specific disorder, setting of treatment
What physical causes are on the ddx for panic attack?	Cardiac (arrhythmia, angina) Endocrine (pheochromocytoma, hyperthyroid, hypoglycemia) Resiratory distress Drug withdrawal Seizure disorder Vestibular dysfunction The point is: evaluate all possible causes so you don’t miss something!
When does panic disorder usually onset?	Adolescence - 30’s (later than other anxiety disorders)
What is necessary to diagnose a panic disorder?	Recurrent or unexpected panic attacks At least 1 of the attacks has been followed by 1 month+ of either: Persistent concern about additional attacks Maladaptive change in behavior related to attacks Not everyone who has had a panic attack has a panic disorder!
Which treatments are most helpful for OCD?	Response prevention/flooding TCAs, SSRIs Atypical antipsychotics (as an ad-junct) Surgical May be helpful in refractory cases

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Psychotherapy: 115b - Anxiety Disorders

What is required to diagnose OCD?

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