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What are igneous rocks and how do they form?
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What are igneous rocks and how do they form?
Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of molten rock (magma or lava).
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Magma is molten rock beneath Earth's surface; lava is magma that has erupted onto the surface.
What is metamorphism?
Metamorphism is the process by which a rock's mineralogy and texture change due to heat and pressure without melting.
What is the rock cycle?
The rock cycle is a series of processes that describe how rocks change from one type to another over geological time.
What is foliation in metamorphic rocks?
Foliation is the alignment of minerals into layers or bands in metamorphic rocks.
How does cooling rate affect crystal size in igneous rocks?
Slow cooling produces large crystals, while fast cooling results in small crystals or glassy textures.
Related Flashcard Decks
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What are igneous rocks and how do they form? | Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of molten rock (magma or lava). |
What is the difference between magma and lava? | Magma is molten rock beneath Earth's surface; lava is magma that has erupted onto the surface. |
What is metamorphism? | Metamorphism is the process by which a rock's mineralogy and texture change due to heat and pressure without melting. |
What is the rock cycle? | The rock cycle is a series of processes that describe how rocks change from one type to another over geological time. |
What is foliation in metamorphic rocks? | Foliation is the alignment of minerals into layers or bands in metamorphic rocks. |
How does cooling rate affect crystal size in igneous rocks? | Slow cooling produces large crystals, while fast cooling results in small crystals or glassy textures. |
What are vesicles in igneous rocks? | Vesicles are small holes formed by trapped gas bubbles in igneous rocks. |
How does slate form from shale? | Shale is buried and subjected to heat and pressure, causing minerals to recrystallise and align, forming slate. |
What is an intrusive igneous rock? | An intrusive igneous rock forms when magma cools slowly underground, resulting in large crystals. |
Name two examples of foliated metamorphic rocks. | Slate and schist are examples of foliated metamorphic rocks. |