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USMLE Step 2 CK Lecture Notes 2019: Pediatrics (2019)

USMLE Step 2 CK Lecture Notes 2019: Pediatrics (2019) provides a strategic approach to answering difficult exam questions effectively.

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    USMLE® STEP 2 CK: PEDIATRICS Lecture Notes

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    2019

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    Table of Contents USMLE Step 2 CK Lecture Notes 2019: Pediatrics Cover Title Page Copyright Editors Feedback Page Chapter 1: The Newborn Apgar Score Birth Injuries Physical Examination: Normal Findings Newborn Screening Fetal Growth and Maturity Specific Disorders Infections Substance Abuse and Neonatal Withdrawal Chapter 2: Genetics/Dysmorphology Abnormalities of Chromosomes Early Overgrowth with Associated Defects Unusual Brain and/or Neuromuscular Findings with Associated Defects Facial Features as the Major Defect Osteochondrodysplasias Connective Tissue Disorders Environmental Agents Miscellaneous Sequences Miscellaneous Associations Chapter 3: Growth and Nutrition Childhood Growth Disorders of Growth Feeding Breast Feeding Solids Chapter 4: Development Overview Primitive Reflexes and Developmental Milestones Chapter 5: Behavioral/Psychological Disorders Eating Disorders Elimination Disorders Sleep Disorders Chapter 6: Immunizations Active Immunizations Active Immunization after Disease Exposure Specific Vaccines (Routine Vaccinations)

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    Chapter 7: Child Abuse and Neglect Introduction Physical Abuse Sexual Abuse Chapter 8: Respiratory Disease Acute Inflammatory Upper Airway Obstruction Congenital Anomalies of the Larynx Airway Foreign Body Inflammatory Disorders of the Small Airways Pneumonia Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Chapter 9: Allergy and Asthma Allergies Asthma Chapter 10: Immune-Mediated Disease Evaluation of Suspected Immune Deficiency Specific Defects Other Immune Deficiencies Chapter 11: Disorders of the Eye Abnormalities of the Eye Structures Eye Injuries Periorbital versus Orbital Cellulitis Chapter 12: Disorders of the Ear, Nose, and Throat . Ears Nose and Throat Chapter 13: Cardiology Cardiac Evaluation and Congenital Heart Lesions Pediatric Heart Sounds and Innocent Murmurs Left to Right Shunts Stenotic Lesions Right to Left Shunts (Cyanotic Lesions) Mixed Lesions Regurgitant Lesions Other Cardiac Pathology Hypertension Chapter 14: Gastrointestinal Disease Oral Cavity Gastroenteritis V omiting Hematochezia Constipation Chapter 15: Renal and Urologic Disorders Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) Obstructive Uropathy Diseases Presenting Primarily with Hematuria

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    Polycystic Kidney Disease Diseases Presenting with Proteinuria Male Genitourinary Disorders Chapter 16: Endocrine Disorders Pituitary Disorders Thyroid Disorders Parathyroid Disorders Adrenal Disorders Diabetes Mellitus Chapter 17: Orthopedic Disorders Disorders of the Hip Intoeing Disorders of the Knee Disorders of the Spine Disorders of the Upper Limb Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis Osteogenesis Imperfecta Bone Tumors Chapter 18: Rheumatic and Vasculitic Disorders Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Neonatal Lupus Kawasaki Disease Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) Chapter 19: Hematology Anemias of Inadequate Production Congenital Anemias Acquired Anemias Megaloblastic Anemias Hemolytic Anemias Hemoglobin Disorders Thalassemias Hemorrhagic Disorders Platelet Disorders Chapter 20: Oncology Leukemia and Lymphoma Brain Tumors Other Malignancies Chapter 21: Neurology Central Nervous System (CNS) Anomalies Seizures Neurocutaneous Syndromes Encephalopathies Neurodegenerative Disorders Neuromuscular Disease Chapter 22: Infectious Disease Meningitis

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    Pertussis Mycobacteria Lyme Disease Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Mycotic Infections Viral Infections Other Viral Diseases Helminthic Diseases Chapter 23: Adolescence Mortality/Morbidity, Sexuality, and STIs Acne

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    USMLE® is a joint program of the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME), neither of which sponsors or endorses this product. This publication is designed to provide accurate information in regard to the subject matter covered as of its publication date, with the understanding that knowledge and best practice constantly evolve. The publisher is not engaged in rendering medical, legal, accounting, or other professional service. If medical or legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. This publication is not intended for use in clinical practice or the delivery of medical care. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the Editors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book. © 2018 by Kaplan, Inc. Published by Kaplan Medical, a division of Kaplan, Inc. 750 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this eBook on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher. ISBN-13: 978-1-5062-3629-2

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    EDITORS William G. Cvetnic, MD, MBA Fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics Board Certified in Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Jacksonville, Florida Eduardo Pino, MD Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics Marshall University School of Medicine Medical Director, Hoops Family Children's Hospital Cabell Huntington Hospital Huntington, West Virginia

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    We want to hear what you think. What do you like or not like about the Notes? Please email us at medfeedback@kaplan.com .

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    THE NEWBORN

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    LEARNING OBJECTIVES Calculate an Apgar score Use knowledge of birth injuries to predict symptomology Demonstrate understanding of newborn screening, fetal growth/maturity, and neonatal infections

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    APGAR SCORE A newborn infant at birth is noted to have acrocyanosis, heart rate 140/min, and grimaces to stimulation. She is active and has a lusty cry. What is her Apgar score? Table 1-1. Apgar Scoring System Evaluation 0 Points 1 Point 2 Points Heart rate 0 <100/min >100/min Respiration None Irregular, shallow, gasps Crying Color Blue Pale, blue extremities Pink Tone None Weak, passive Active Reflex irritability None Facial grimace Active withdrawal Apgar scores are routinely assessed at 1 and 5 minutes, and every 5 minutes thereafter as long as resuscitation is continuing. In general, the Apgar score is not predictive of outcome; however, infants with score 0−3 at ≥5 minutes compared to infants with score 7−10 have a worse neurologic outcome. The 1-minute score gives an idea of what was going on during labor and delivery. The 5-minute score gives an idea of response to therapy (resuscitation).

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    NEWBORN CARE Vitamin K IM Prophylactic eye erythromycin Umbilical cord care Hearing test Newborn screening tests

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