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Age of Enlightenment Part 1

History25 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This flashcard deck covers key figures, concepts, and events from the Age of Enlightenment, focusing on the role of monarchs, philosophers, and revolutionary ideas.

Which government first limited the king's power with Parliament?

England
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Which government first limited the king's power with Parliament?
England
Name the king's in order after Queen Elizabeth 1 dies
1) James 1 - fights with Parliament about taxes and money, finds Jamestown Colony, and survives gunpowder plot assassination 2) Charles 1 - struggles ...
Who is Louis XIV?
First absolute monarch of France, (1643-1725), built Châteaux de Versailles as a spectacle of kingly power Court Etiquette
What caused Absolute Monarchy's?
Church loses power after Reformation, Great wealth from colonies, and large armies from constant war all lead to rulers with total power
Who signed Philip 2?
King of Spain Great wealth from New World colonies Uses Catholic Inquisition to maintain power, Claims Divine Right
What is Divine Right?
Kings power comes from God

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TermDefinition
Which government first limited the king's power with Parliament?
England
Name the king's in order after Queen Elizabeth 1 dies
1) James 1 - fights with Parliament about taxes and money, finds Jamestown Colony, and survives gunpowder plot assassination 2) Charles 1 - struggles with Parliament, signs the Petition of Right, dissolves Parliament starting a civil war against the armies of Parliament, and executed for treason 3) Oliver Cromwell - Puritain army general, abolished the monarchy, rules as a military dictator, and has Charles 1 executed 4) The Commonwealth of England - rules by 'rump' Parliament, Puritan reforms for the nation's morals', and religious toleration for the 1st time 5) Charles 2 - exiled to French during Cromwell's rule, restores the monarchy, dissolves Parliament, and known as the 'Merry Monarchy' 6) James 2 - brother of Charles 2, Roman Catholic which upsets Protestants, struggt with Parliament, and is overthrown in the Glorious Revolution - 'peaceful' 7) William and Mary - offered the thrown by Parliament, Mary is James 2 daughter, begins a Constitutional Monarchy, and they share lower with Parliament
Who is Louis XIV?
First absolute monarch of France, (1643-1725), built Châteaux de Versailles as a spectacle of kingly power Court Etiquette
What caused Absolute Monarchy's?
Church loses power after Reformation, Great wealth from colonies, and large armies from constant war all lead to rulers with total power
Who signed Philip 2?
King of Spain Great wealth from New World colonies Uses Catholic Inquisition to maintain power, Claims Divine Right
What is Divine Right?
Kings power comes from God
Who is Henry VIII?
Tudor king of England Brwka with Catholic Church for divorce Has 6 marriages Daughter Elizabeth developed the Anglican Church
Who is Louis XIV?
Bourbon King of France The Sun King States I am the state Builds the Palace of Versailles
Who is Peter the Great?
Czar of Russia Westernizes Russia - more like Europe, simpler alphabet, first newspapers, and new capital St. Petersburg
Locke influenced the French Revolution when he argued against...
Absolute Monarchy
Toussaint L'Ouveeture led a successful revolution against French rule in...
Haiti
John Locke would most likely disapprove of...
Absolute Monarchy
If the freedom of speech is taken away then dumb and silent we may be led, like sheep to the slaughter. Gerogea Washington's quite best reflects the ideas of....
Voltaire
The Age of Enlightenment began in which Continent?
Europe
How did the Declaration of Independence embody Enlightenment ideals?
It said that people have rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
Government is a contract between rulers and the people
Who is John Locke?
People are sovereign and consent to government for protection of natural rights to life, liberty, and property
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
Humans exist in a primitive 'state of nature' and consent to government for self-protection
Who is Voltaire?
Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism; separation of church and state
Who is Montesquieu?
The best form of government includes a separation of powers
John Locke
Philosopher from England who said all people have the right to life, liberty, and property Wrote Two Treaties on Government People are the source of power
Fredrick the Great
Prussian Ruler who allowed religious freedom
Thomas Hobbes
He wrote the book Leviathan and said life without a strong ruler would be nasty, British, and short People are naturally wicked Government is needed to keep order
Catherine the Great
Empress of Russia who allowed religious toleration and abolish torture
Voltaire
The French philosopher used satire to push for freedom of speech Wrote on freedom of speech, and religious toleration, and separation of church and state