U.S. History High School EOC Exam Study Guide Part 2

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops.

set of conditions under which Cuba was granted independence. Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble

Aggression by totalitarian powers, Nationalism, Failures of the Treaty of Versailles, Weakness of the League of Nations, Appeasement, Isolationism in the USA, Pacifism in Europe

Lead to direct rivalry between US and Soviet Union... The formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Division of Germany. Emergence of Spheres of influence... Arms race, primarily focused on weapons of mass destruction.

A period of general fear of communists

In 1950, Senator Joseph R. McCarthy began a sensational campaign against communists in government that led to more than four years of charges and counter-charges, ending when the Senate censured him in 1954. McCarthyism became the contemporary name for the red scare of the 1950's.

1945-1991 A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.

A fortified wall surrounding West Berlin, Germany, built in 1961 to prevent East German citizens from traveling to the West. Its demolition in 1989 symbolized the end of the Cold War. This wall was both a deterrent to individuals trying to escape and a symbol of repression to the free world.

1962 crisis that arose between the United States and the Soviet Union over a Soviet attempt to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba

The first signed agreement between Israel and an Arab country, in which Egyptian president Anwar Sadat recognized Israel as a legitimate state and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin agreed to return the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt.

Visit by the president to China to meet w. Mao Zedong to make progress in cooperating with each others' country.

1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.

Supreme Court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police.

a landmark case in United States Supreme Court history. In the case, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that state courts are required under the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases for defendants unable to afford their own attorneys.

Supreme Court upheld notion of affirmative action but said race could be only one factor in determining admission

Group of civil rights workers who took bus trips through southern states in 1961 to protest illegal bus segregation

African American movement that focused on gaining control of economic and political power to achieve equal rights by force in necessary.

Lyndon Johnson's program for poverty relief, healthcare, civil rights, etc. during his presidency.

President Kennedy's proposals to improve the economy, help the poor and advance the Space Program

Glasnost is a policy that was introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev which means openness in 1985. He supported the Soviet citizens to talk about ways to improved their living environment. In 1985, he imported the idea of Perestroika, which means economic restructuring. This was tried in 1986.

law passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher educations

a culture in which personal worth and identity reside not in the people themselves but in the products with which they surround themselves

..., The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea.

a small black town in FL whose black men were accused of beating and raping a white woman. The town was burnt down by a white mob

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

(1815-1902) A suffragette who, with Lucretia Mott, organized the first convention on women's rights, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Issued the Declaration of Sentiments which declared men and women to be equal and demanded the right to vote for women. Co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony in 1869.

1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910

African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.

U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize (1964)

Was signed on August 27, 1928 by the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Japan, and a number of other states. The pact renounced aggressive war, prohibiting the use of war as "an instrument of national policy" except in matters of self-defense.

The United States built (finished) the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa.

One of the partners in Standard Oil; builder of Florida East Coast Railway; founded Palm Beach and "father" of Miami in 1890s

first African-American woman to earn more than 1 million dollars by selling hair care product

A railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and New York. He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more economical.

Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back. Was one of the "Robber barons"

President of the U.S. 1981-1989,"Great Communicator" Republican, played a major role in helping end the Cold War; known for his economic plan of "Trickle-Down Economics".

1992 and 1996; Democrat; Don't Ask Don't Tell policy implemented by Congress, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, Travelgate controversy; Operation Desert Fox (4 day bombing campaign in Iraq); Scandals: Whitewater controversy, Lewinsky scandal (impeached and acquitted), Travelgate controversy, Troopergate; first balanced budget since 1969

president during the Gulf War, ability to quickly bring the war to a conclusion while suffering relatively few casualties resulted in the second-highest approval rating of any president, 89%

43rd president of the US who began a campaign toward energy self-sufficiency and against terrorism in 2001

President during part of the cold war and especially during the superpower rivalry and the Cuban Missile Crisis.

..., 28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize

1858-1919. 26th President. Increased size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". Added Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy. Received Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and France.