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History /Alexander II and the Great Reforms

Alexander II and the Great Reforms

History14 CardsCreated 7 months ago

This flashcard set outlines the major reforms introduced by Tsar Alexander II of Russia, including the 1861 Emancipation Edict, creation of zemstva and dumas, legal and educational reforms, and military improvements. It also explores liberal expectations and the autocratic motives behind these changes—ideal for students studying Imperial Russia and reform in the 19th century.

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What year was the Emancipation Edict?

1861

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Key Terms

Term

Definition

What year was the Emancipation Edict?

1861

How many years did ex-serfs have to pay back the state in redemption payments?

49 years - until 1910

When were the zemstva created, and what were they?

1864, elected rural assemblies with disproportionate representation for upper class.

When were Dumas created, and what were they?

1870, a municipal equivalent of the zemstva

What did liberals hope the zemstva would be?

The first step towards a National Assembly.

Why did Alexander II create the zemstva?

A way to cut down state bureaucracy, a props to autocracy.

What were the legal reforms passed by Alexander II and when?

Trial by jury. Justice of the peace.

What were the educational reforms passed by Alexander II?

Liberalising

How did Alexander II improve conditions in the army?

Banned flogging.

When was the Polish Revolt? And what was Alexander II’s response?

Crushed it. Stationed 20,000? Troops in Poland.

When and where was the first assassination attempt on Alexander II? What was the outcome?

1866 at Kazan University. Ended Alexander II’s reform.

Indication that Alexander II was returning to reform?

Loris-Melikov’s National Assembly Plan had just been approved.

When was Alexander II assassinated, and who by?

March 1881 by the “People’s Will”

When was the Vera Zasulich trial? What did it prove?

the sympathetic jury found Zasulich not guilty. Zasulich’s lawyer turned the case on its head so that it “it was Colonel Trepo...

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Alexander II and the Great Reforms

Term	Definition
What year was the Emancipation Edict?	1861
How many years did ex-serfs have to pay back the state in redemption payments?	49 years - until 1910
When were the zemstva created, and what were they?	1864, elected rural assemblies with disproportionate representation for upper class.
When were Dumas created, and what were they?	1870, a municipal equivalent of the zemstva
What did liberals hope the zemstva would be?	The first step towards a National Assembly.
Why did Alexander II create the zemstva?	A way to cut down state bureaucracy, a props to autocracy.
What were the legal reforms passed by Alexander II and when?	Trial by jury. Justice of the peace.
What were the educational reforms passed by Alexander II?	Liberalising
How did Alexander II improve conditions in the army?	Banned flogging.
When was the Polish Revolt? And what was Alexander II’s response?	Crushed it. Stationed 20,000? Troops in Poland.
When and where was the first assassination attempt on Alexander II? What was the outcome?	1866 at Kazan University. Ended Alexander II’s reform.
Indication that Alexander II was returning to reform?	Loris-Melikov’s National Assembly Plan had just been approved.
When was Alexander II assassinated, and who by?	March 1881 by the “People’s Will”
When was the Vera Zasulich trial? What did it prove?	the sympathetic jury found Zasulich not guilty. Zasulich’s lawyer turned the case on its head so that it “it was Colonel Trepov rather than his would-be assassin who was really being tried”. That Trepov and the government now appeared as the guilty party demonstrated the ineffectiveness of both the courts and the government.