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AP World History Unit 1 Test Review (1200-1450) Part 2

History25 CardsCreated 5 months ago

This deck covers key topics from the AP World History Unit 1 test review, focusing on events, societies, and significant figures from 1200-1450.

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How did the Song Dynasty fall?

Mongols conquered the Jin and Song dynasties, and scholars were military leaders when they weren't fit for it.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
How did the Song Dynasty fall?
Mongols conquered the Jin and Song dynasties, and scholars were military leaders when they weren't fit for it.
EUROPE: The tragedy of the 14th century
- The 100 years war - The Black Death (1346 - 1353 CE) which originated in Asia. - Spread in Europe through the SILK ROAD.
Is Chinese society patriarchal or matriarchal?
Chinese society is a patriarchal society which is where the man is the head of the family.
Foot Binding
Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to c...
Zenn Buddhism
- a syncretic religion. - the essence of Zen Buddhism is achieving enlightenment by seeing one's original mind (or original nature) directly; without ...
Three most important items of trade for China
1. Coal - led to the development of iron and steel. 2. Iron - when taking out carbon from iron, they manufactured steel. 3. Steel - used to make and r...
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AP World History Unit 1 Test Review (1200-1450) Part 2
TermDefinition
How did the Song Dynasty fall?
Mongols conquered the Jin and Song dynasties, and scholars were military leaders when they weren't fit for it.
EUROPE: The tragedy of the 14th century
- The 100 years war - The Black Death (1346 - 1353 CE) which originated in Asia. - Spread in Europe through the SILK ROAD.
Is Chinese society patriarchal or matriarchal?
Chinese society is a patriarchal society which is where the man is the head of the family.
Foot Binding
Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household. - considered as beauty to marry the rich.
Zenn Buddhism
- a syncretic religion. - the essence of Zen Buddhism is achieving enlightenment by seeing one's original mind (or original nature) directly; without the intervention of the intellect. - seeing into one's own nature.
Three most important items of trade for China
1. Coal - led to the development of iron and steel. 2. Iron - when taking out carbon from iron, they manufactured steel. 3. Steel - used to make and reinforce bridges, gates, ship anchors, religious items, and it helped strengthen agriculture equipment which contributed to the mass abundance of food.
EUROPE (1200-1450): Feudalism/Feudal Hierarchy
- increased social system - a system of exchanges of land for loyalty. Hierarchy: (top to bottom) 1. Monarchs (kings, royalty) 2. Lords/Nobles (owners of land) 3. Peasants (lowest class, worked the land) NOTE: Merchants can be as rich as nobles!
Great Schism in Europe
- caused the split and break of the communion between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. - also called 'Chalcedonian Christianity.'
EUROPE: Crusades
- the 1st crusade was a clear victory for Christendom. (The European army conquered Jerusalem in July 1099 but Muslim forces under Saladin regained control of Jerusalem in 1187) - the 4th crusade did not make it to the Holy Land and Islamic forces prevailed in Levant.
three-field system
An agricultural surplus which led to the encouraged growth of towns and of markets that could operate more frequently than just holidays. The three-field system and other advances LED TO POPULATION GROWTH IN THE LATE MIDDLE-AGES.
Roman Catholic Church vs Orthodox Church
- the Great Schism caused the split between both churches. - the Roman Catholic Church led the area of education so this concludes that most of the workers were religious leaders.
Europe (major trading items)
Iron, horse-collar, etc.)
EUROPE IMPORTANT
Italy was most wealthy because it was a big trade center!
Mansa Musa
Ruler of Mali (r.1312-1337 CE) who made a hajj to Mecca; on the way there, he spread enormous amounts of gold showing the wealth of Mali; on the way back, he brought back education and Islamic culture. - the richest person in history who spent a lot of his money and created stereotypes about Africa.
Timbuktu, Mali
Center of Malian Empire and Islamic Learning.
Swahili City-States
1000-1500 - a center of commerce - Islamic - allowed Zimbabwe access to the coast.
Ibn Battuta
- Traveled throughout Afro-Eurasia using Muslim support through his journey. - Battuta's 'Rihla' focused on his pilgrimage and what he witnessed such as the growth of Sufism in Africa/Middle East.
Ethiopia (Solomonic Dynasty) from 1270 C.E. to 1636 C.E.
- primarily a Christian empire. - built large churches to separate from Orthodox and Catholic Church and developed independently from them.
The Great Zimbabwe
- wealth based on agriculture, trade, and gold. - the Great Zimbabwe was the capital of the empire which had stone walls and was abandoned.

Important Americas Information

The Mississippians built mound cities like Cahokia, the largest one.
The Mayans (250–900 C.E.) had city-states ruled by kings, practiced human sacrifices, and advanced in math, astrology, and calendars.
The Aztecs (1200–1500 C.E.), called the “Greeks of the New World,” had city-states, used a Tribute System, and a hierarchy led by the Great Speaker. The Incas (1438–1572 C.E.) were matriarchal, used the Mita labor system, practiced human sacrifices and animism, and built terraces for farming. The Incas weakened from civil war before Spanish conquest. All civilizations linked religion with governance.
Women played key roles, especially in the Aztec Tribute System.
These societies show advanced organization, religion, and technology in the Americas.

Serfs / Fiefs (Europe)
Serfs are below peasants. Serfs are agricultural laborers bound under the feudal system to work on their lord's estate. Fiefs, aka estates, were referred to as manors, tracts of land. Fiefs provided economic self-sufficiency and defense.
(Europe) Absolutist Government
Government with descending power. It's complete power is held by a centralized sovereign individual, with no checks or balances from any other part of the nation or government.
Estates-General (Europe)
A body to advise the king that included representatives from each of the three legal classes, or estates in France. It kept the society more civilized and organized.
Technology in China/Song
Wood-block printing, paper & paper money, champa rice, calendars, agricultural tools, gun powder, steel/iron, and coal.
Sinification
Extensive adoption of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.