Back to AI Flashcard MakerHistory /Barron's AP World - Chapter 17: Revolution and Nationalist Movements Part 3
Barron's AP World - Chapter 17: Revolution and Nationalist Movements Part 3
This deck covers key figures, events, and concepts from Chapter 17, focusing on revolution and nationalist movements, including Napoleon Bonaparte, the Congress of Vienna, and leaders of Latin American independence.
Napoleon Bonaparte
a young officer chosen by the Directory to command the French army
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Napoleon Bonaparte
a young officer chosen by the Directory to command the French army
Napoleonic Code
the system of laws set down by Napoleon, it is one of his most well-known achievements; this body affirmed the equality of all adult men before the la...
Horatio Nelson
an English admiral who defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, confirming and solidifying the supreme status of the British navy
the fall of Napoleon
by 1812 Napoleon's empire controlled most of Europe, excluding Great Britain, Portugal, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire; in his attempt to expand furth...
reactionary
supporting a return to the status quo; this was the general mood of the Congress of Vienna
Klemens von Metternich
an Austrian Prince who sought to maintain peace among the European nations by creating a balance of power among rival countries that would assure that...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Napoleon Bonaparte | a young officer chosen by the Directory to command the French army |
Napoleonic Code | the system of laws set down by Napoleon, it is one of his most well-known achievements; this body affirmed the equality of all adult men before the law, but at the same time disallowed women the same property rights as men; it also restricted freedom of speech and of the press |
Horatio Nelson | an English admiral who defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, confirming and solidifying the supreme status of the British navy |
the fall of Napoleon | by 1812 Napoleon's empire controlled most of Europe, excluding Great Britain, Portugal, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire; in his attempt to expand further, he made three errors that sealed his fate: the Continental System, or blockade against Great Britain (1806), the Peninsular War against Spain (1808-1813), the invasion of Russia during the winter of 1812 |
reactionary | supporting a return to the status quo; this was the general mood of the Congress of Vienna |
Klemens von Metternich | an Austrian Prince who sought to maintain peace among the European nations by creating a balance of power among rival countries that would assure that no one nation could be a threat to others |
Concert of Europe | a series of alliances set up by Metternich that required nations to come to the aid of one another if war erupted |
goals of the Congress of Vienna | establishment of lasting peace and stability in Europe, prevention of future French aggression, restoration of the balance of power, legitimacy (the restoration of royal families to their throne) |
actions of the Congress of Vienna | formed the Kingdom of the Netherlands, created the German Confederation, recognized the independence of Switzerland, added Genoa to the Kingdom of Sardinia, required France to return territories conquered by Napoleon, but left France a major power, affirmed the principle of legitimacy, restoring the ruling families of France, Spain, and several states in Central Europe and Italy to their thrones |
results of the Congress of Vienna | conservatives regained control of governments, colonial Latin American governments declared their independence, though European colonizers still tried to stop them (this was not a result of the Congress of Vienna specifically, but because of European preoccupation), an age of peace was created in Europe, the power of France was diminished and the power of Great Britain and Prussia was increased, the growth of nationalism was encouraged |
Toussaint L'Ouverture | in Haiti in 1791, an African priest called for revolution and 100,000 slaves revolted; this man, an ex-slave (not the priest though), emerged as a capable leader; he died in France, but one of his generals carried on the struggle, eventually winning independence in 1804 |
mestizos | those of mixed European and Amerindian heritage |
mulattos | those of mixed European and African ancestry |
Bernardo O'Higgins | the general who joined Jose de San Martin in 1816 in their fight for the freedom of Chile, which was achieved in 1818 |
Jose Maria Morelos | a priest who took over the revolution after Miguel Hidalgo's death until he was defeated in 1815 by Agustin de Iturbide |
Benito Juarez | although he was deposed by Santa Anna in 1853, he had carried out a reform program that redistributed land, increased education opportunities, and maintained the separation of church and state; returning to power in 1861, his presidency was again cut short by a French takeover of Mexico in 1862 |
Porfirio Diaz | an Mexican authoritarian ruler of Indian descent who rose to power in 1876; he built banks and railroads and encouraged investment, but land was still distributed unevenly |
Francisco Madero | the leader of a new political party that formed in Mexico with the goal of alleviating the hard economic conditions of the commoners; educated in the US and France, he believed in revolution and called for democracy; he was originally exiled to the US by Diaz |
Emiliano Zapata | a farmer who was among the leaders of the revolution; after his murder in 1919 at the hands of Carranza, the Mexican Revolution came to an end |
"Pancho" Villa | a cowboy who was among the leaders of the revolution |