Barron's AP World - Chapter 21: Totalitarianism and Nationalism Part 2

An economy in which economic consumption decisions are in the hands of the government, not the 'consumer'.

A plan to industrialize the USSR by increasing production of commodities such as coal, oil, steel, and electricity; the emphasis on heavy industry led to a shortage of consumer goods; this (along with a second one after the first) was successful in improving the Soviet economy, though not as much as Stalin had hoped.

A move by Stalin in 1928 in which the government seized millions of private farms, combined them into large collective farms, and shared profits between all farmers; while eventually it had mild success, between 5 and 10 million peasants died during its institution.

Wealthier peasants who had become prosperous during the days of the NEP; collective farming was enforced most harshly against them.

In 1912, the Qing Dynasty, which had ruled China since 1664, was overthrown by this.

The leader of the Revolutionary Alliance, he was a physician who had lived in the US.

A new party in China that Sun became the first leader of; along with this, he also became the leader of the new republic in China.

After six weeks, Sun turned his power over to this man, a warlord who ruled as military dictator; after his death, sects ramped up their fighting; the main fighting was between the Communists and the Guomindang.

In 1917, China declared war on Germany in the hope that the Allies would win the war and then return German-controlled areas of China to the Chinese; the Treaty of Versailles, however, granted Japan privileges and territories in China that had previously belonged to Germany.

Demonstrations that were a reaction to the news from the Treaty of Versailles; the Guomindang supported the movement, but it was too weak to impose central rule on China.

A Chinese young person and teacher who was among the many educated Chinese who abandoned Sun Yixian's support of democracy and instead adopted Lenin's type of communism.

The new leader of the Guomindang when Sun Yixian died in 1925; this man's supporters, primarily businesspeople and merchants, feared the creation of a new socialist economy in China.

In 1930, civil war broke out between the Communists and Nationalists; in 1933 Jiang's army surrounded the Communists; in 1934, Mao executed this 6,000-mile-long retreat.

A peaceful demonstration of Hindus and Muslims; this killed about 400 of their people, and caused the Latin America to hear more assurance from us.

An emerging leader of the independence movement; was soon called the Mahatma, or 'Great Soul'; his philosophy derived from the major world religions, especially Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity.

Mohandas Gandhi transformed this group from an organization appealing to a basically elitist group into a mass organization that carried out the ideals of Indian nationalism.

The key strategy of Mohandas Gandhi, it was essentially passive resistance; it was public refusal to obey a law that was perceived as unjust.

An act passed by the British government in 1935, largely as a result of Gandhi's efforts; it granted local self-rule and some democratic elections.

An organization whose head proposed a separate state for Muslims (as the colonization system began to fall apart).

The Ottoman Empire was greatly weakened by 1919; all that remained was Anatolia and a strip of land surrounding Istanbul; in 1922, under the leadership of this man (a Russian traitor), the Turks fought back the Greeks and deposed the last Ottoman sultan.

After WW1, British attempts at control produced a Persian revolt, resulting in this man's rise to power in 1925; changing the name of his country from Persia to Iran in 1935, he created public schools, promoted industry, built up the transportation network, and assured greater rights for women; at the same time, he ensured total governmental power for himself.

A man who began an effort to unify Arabs and build power in 1902; he introduced some modern technology, but no major democratic reforms; in 1932, he unified the areas he ruled into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; he ruled it from 1932 until his death in 1953.

What Gandhi's type of civil disobedience is referred to as.

A major change came to the Saudi economy in the 1920s and 1930s with the discovery of vast petroleum deposits not only in Saudi Arabia but also in Iraq, Iran, and Kuwait (basically the Persian Gulf region); these countries would become wealthy as oil exporters, but would also have to deal with the Western nations' attempts to control the oil-rich area.