Barron's AP World - Chapter 23: World War 2 Part 2

segregated communities into which Jewish people in Nazi countries were forced to reside; the Nazis closed off these areas with walls and barbed wire

by 1941, President Roosevelt convinced Congress to pass this act, which authorized the president to lend or lease arms and other supplies to any nation considered vital to the United States

when the US Navy began escorting British ships carrying US arms, Hitler ordered his U-boats to sink any cargo ships; in September 1941, a German submarine fired on a US destroyer in the Atlantic; when Roosevelt ordered US ships to respond, he was, in effect, engaging the US in an undeclared war on Germany

on August 9, 1941, Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill met secretly on a battleship off the coast of Newfoundland; the product of the meeting was this, which advocated free trade among nations and the right of people to select their own government

the name of the puppet state that Japan established in Manchuria

the Japanese were known for their brutality; in this incident, the Japanese raped thousands of women and murdered hundreds of thousands of civilians and unarmed soldiers; this occurred when the Japanese captured the Japanese city of Nanjing

on December 7, 1941, the strategy of this Japanese admiral erupted in a Japanese attack on the US Pacific fleet anchored at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii; in less than two hours, the Japanese sank or severely damaged most of the US Pacific fleet and killed about 2,400 American sailors; the US declared war on Japan the very next day

following Japan's early victories in the Pacific, their victory seemed unstoppable, but in 1942 the US retaliated by sending a force under the command of this leader to bomb Tokyo and other Japanese cities; although it did little damage, it was important psychologically because it demonstrated that the Japanese could be attacked

in June 1942, the Japanese assembled the world's largest naval force and approached Midway Island, a US possession west of Hawaii; this leader surprised the Japanese by attacking with carrier-based planes; ultimately, this battle turned the tide of the battle in the Pacific in favor of the Allies

the US strategy in the Pacific of seizing key strategic islands around Japanese strongholds

a commander of the Allied land forces in the Pacific, he proposed the strategy of island-hopping

a general who in May 1943 defeated the Afrika Korps

in late 1942, the Allies began reversing the progress of the war by winning the Battle of el Alamein in Egypt; in May 1943, under General Dwight Eisenhower, the Allies defeated the Afrika Korps; at Stalingrad, the Russian winter took the lives of over 200,000 German soldiers; in July 1943 the Allies captured Sicily; the Allies entered Rome on June 4, 1944

Japanese Americans who had been born in the United States

Japanese Americans living in the US and especially in Hawaii following December 7, 1941 were subjected to prejudice and fear, and in February 1942, President Roosevelt decided to round up and intern Japanese Americans for the duration of the war; despite having their relatives interned, many other Japanese Americans fought bravely for their country

this was one of the final Allied pushes toward victory; it consisted of the invasion of Normandy in northwestern France, which was the largest land and sea attack in history (at that point)

in the military, both of these are terms used to refer to the time when an operation commences; one refers to the day, the other to the hour; D -/+ and H -/+ a certain number indicates how long before or after the operation commences something is planned to happen

a common term used to refer to Operation Overlord; the actual date was June 6, 1944

Japanese suicide pilots who dove their planes into American ships, essentially used their planes as man-driven missiles; this was especially prevalent during the battles of Okinawa, which were completed in June, 1945 with an American victory

this was what the Japanese were aiming to achieve; it was basically an Asia free from Western influence and dominated by Japan; they continued their efforts to achieve this even after Germany was defeated

the President after Franklin Roosevelt, it was he who presided over the US during the closing of the war in Japan, which was executed via atomic bomb; the two A-bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki are first and only atomic weapons ever to have been used in the world; the names of the two bombs were Little Boy and Fat Man

a government project that had been conducted to produce the first A-bomb (atomic bomb), it was undertaken under the direction of the scientist Robert Oppenheimer

at these trials in 1946, 22 Nazi leaders were charged with war crimes, and 12 were sentenced to death

allegiance to this emperor was religious in nature, because the Japanese considered him to be divine; as such, one of the conditions of Japanese surrender was that he was forced to declare that he was not divine and took on the role of only a figurehead in the new Japanese government