Back to AI Flashcard MakerHistory /Barron's AP World - Chapter 24: The Postwar World Part 2
Chinese civil war
After WW2, the Communists and Nationalists resumed their struggle for power in China; at first, the Nationalists outnumbered the Communists in troop number; as time went on, the Nationalists, who did little to pledge the future support of the Chinese peasantry, began experiencing massive desertions of their soldiers to the side of Mao.
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Term
Definition
Chinese civil war
After WW2, the Communists and Nationalists resumed their struggle for power in China; at first, the Nationalists outnumbered the Communists in troop n...
Mao’s victory
By October 1949, Mao, who had promised land reform to the peasants, won control of China, renaming it the People’s Republic of China; in 1950, the Chi...
Republic of China, aka Taiwan (named Formosa by Portuguese explorers)
Jiang Jeishi and his followers fled here when Mao had his victory; here, Jiang continued to receive US support.
Dalai Lama
In 1950 and 1951, after promising self-rule to the Tibetans, the Chinese strengthened their hold over the area; this person was the religious leader o...
Great Leap Forward
In 1958, Mao, wanting to compete with the industrial production of developed nations, launched this program, which established communes, managed indus...
Communes
Large collective farms.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Chinese civil war | After WW2, the Communists and Nationalists resumed their struggle for power in China; at first, the Nationalists outnumbered the Communists in troop number; as time went on, the Nationalists, who did little to pledge the future support of the Chinese peasantry, began experiencing massive desertions of their soldiers to the side of Mao. |
Mao’s victory | By October 1949, Mao, who had promised land reform to the peasants, won control of China, renaming it the People’s Republic of China; in 1950, the Chinese and Soviets signed a friendship pact, sparking new fears of Communism around the globe. |
Republic of China, aka Taiwan (named Formosa by Portuguese explorers) | Jiang Jeishi and his followers fled here when Mao had his victory; here, Jiang continued to receive US support. |
Dalai Lama | In 1950 and 1951, after promising self-rule to the Tibetans, the Chinese strengthened their hold over the area; this person was the religious leader of the Buddhist Tibetans who was prompted to flee to India in 1959 by further Chinese control. |
Great Leap Forward | In 1958, Mao, wanting to compete with the industrial production of developed nations, launched this program, which established communes, managed industry and businesses collectively, eliminated private possessions, established communal housing, and set production quotas; a series of poor harvests, inefficient planning, and system failure contributed to the disaster of this program, which was discontinued in 1961. |
Communes | Large collective farms. |
Sino-Soviet rift | In 1960, differences between China and the USSR over leadership in the Communist world led the Soviets to end economic aid to China and to a split between the two Communist giants, known as this. |
Red Guards | After the failure of the Great Leap Forward and the Sino-Soviet rift, Mao's role in government was reduced and other Chinese Communists stepped in who allowed the Chinese to own their own houses and small parcels of lands, as well as to profit from the sale of farm produce; in reaction to these capitalist principles, Mao created this in 1966; it was an organization of high school and college students whose purpose was to continue the Communist Revolution. |
Cultural Revolution | A campaign led by the Red Guards with the goal of setting up a society of equal workers; because any intellectual or artistic pursuit was deemed a threat, the Red Guard closed schools and universities; people who resisted were jailed, killed, or sent to labor camps. |
Zhou Enlai | A critic of Mao Zedong who was forced into exile. |
Deng Xiaoping | A critic of Mao Zedong who was imprisoned, but who eventually gained control of the radicals and brought the Cultural Revolution to an end after Mao's death in 1976. |
North Korean invasion | In 1949, most of the American and Soviet troops had been withdrawn from North Korea, though the Soviets were supporting them financially; on June 25, 1950, the North Koreans crossed the 38th parallel into South Korea, and South Korea petitioned the US for help. |
Korean invasion and the UN Security Council | Because China was at the time boycotting the UN Security Council for other reasons, it was free to vote to support South Korea with an international force, which it did; the force was led by Dwight D. Eisenhower. |
Korean War | In October 1950, the Chinese entered the conflict in an attempt to turn back US troops approaching UN forces back beyond the 38th parallel; in July 1953, North Korea and the UN forces signed a ceasefire agreement that set the border between North and South Korea near the 38th parallel; a demilitarized zone was established on either side of the truce line. |
Kim Il Sung | The dictator of North Korea who encouraged heavy industry, set up collective farms, and strengthened the military. |
Kim Jong Il | The son of Kim Il Sung who came to power in 1994 while the country was grappling with serious economic problems and food shortages. |
Kim Jong Un | The son of Kim Jong Il, he took power on his father's death in 2011. |
Domino theory | A theory proposed by President Eisenhower which stated that the fall of one Southeast Asian nation to communism would lead to the fall of neighboring countries; as a result of this, the US began providing financial aid and advisors to Vietnam in 1955, formerly part of the French colony of Indochina. |
French Indochina (Vietnam) | A region that would eventually become Vietnam where communist influence went back to the period between the world wars, where independence movements had begun to stir in the 1930s. |
Ho Chi Minh | A young nationalist in Vietnam who sought aid from the Communists and led several revolts against the French; after the French imposed a death sentence upon him, he fled Vietnam. |