Back to AI Flashcard MakerHistory /Barron's AP World - Chapter 4: The Roman and Han Empires Part 2
Masada
a final Jewish stronghold that fell to the Romans in 73 AD
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Masada
a final Jewish stronghold that fell to the Romans in 73 AD
Peter
the first bishop of Rome
Coptic Christianity
the form of Christianity that spread to Egypt and Ethiopia
Nestorian Christianity
the form of Christianity that spread to parts of northern Africa
Nicene Creed
a statement of Catholic beliefs set down by the Council of Nicaea, which met in 325 in Asia Minor
Saint Augustine
a great Catholic leader who further clarified to the teachings of the Catholic Church
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Masada | a final Jewish stronghold that fell to the Romans in 73 AD |
Peter | the first bishop of Rome |
Coptic Christianity | the form of Christianity that spread to Egypt and Ethiopia |
Nestorian Christianity | the form of Christianity that spread to parts of northern Africa |
Nicene Creed | a statement of Catholic beliefs set down by the Council of Nicaea, which met in 325 in Asia Minor |
Saint Augustine | a great Catholic leader who further clarified to the teachings of the Catholic Church |
Huns | a nomadic group that came from central Asia and under the leadership of Attila, moved in the direction of the Roman Empire |
Germanic tribes | to avoid the Huns, many Germanic tribes crossed into Roman territory; these included the Saxons, Angles, Franks, Visigoths, Ostrogoths, and Vandals; Rome might have been able to withstand them if not for other factors |
Roman decline | many factors impact this, among them are: population was lowered by disease in the packed cities, but the number of soldiers needed to defend the territory stayed the same, so fielding soldiers was harder Rome had mildly overextended itself to begin with corruption had increased societal values became decadent, and people increasingly sought only for their own pleasure, rather than the glory of Rome people no longer thought for themselves, as they had long ago substituted “bread and circuses” from the emperor for democracy the army became loyal to commanders rather than to Rome, and in some cases mercenaries were hired slavery had caused many Romans to forget how to work |
barracks emperors | known as such because of their lack of leadership and general failure political instability led to a quick succession of 28 of these in less than 100 years, the last years of Rome |
the fall of Rome | Rome officially fell in 476 with the defeat of it’s last emperor, Romulus Augustus; nevertheless, it had been in decline for 200 years, and had even been sacked in 410 by Alaric, king of the Visigoths |
Constantine | Diocletian’s successor, who was made emperor in 324; he legalized Christianity, and he also established a new capital at Constantinople in the East, splitting up Rome into Western and Eastern halves; this was a recognition of the greater vitality of Rome in the East |
Byzantine Empire | after Rome fell to the barbarians, Eastern Rome lived on, except now referred to as the this |
Silk Roads | a system of overland trade routes that connected India, China, and the Roman Empire; it led to cultural and technological diffusion |
Han Wudi | the longest ruling of the Han rulers, he appointed provincial administrators to promote governmental efficiency |
Empress Lu | a particularly influential Chinese empress who seized and retained control over the throne by naming her infant sons as emperors |
shi | the scholar class of China starting with the Han, who instituted the first civil service examination systems |
the decline of China | plagued by poor emperors and internal weakness, the Han empire collapsed in 220 AD, producing 400 years of political turmoil before China was unified again |
Manichaeism | a religion founded by Mani that traveled the Silk Roads and was a blend of other religions, with reach religions holy figure as a prophet (Zoroaster was the prophet of Persia, Buddha the prophet of India, and Jesus the prophet of the Mediterranean basin) |
Arianism | the teaching that Jesus had been a creation of God rather than a divinity who had coexisted as part of the Trinity throughout eternity; this was a heresy of the early church |