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Chapter 14 Lipids Part 1 Flashcards

Biology10 CardsCreated 5 months ago

A set of flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 14 Lipids Part 1, including lipid types, fatty acid structures, and processes such as hydrogenation, hydrolysis, and saponification.

Are lipids polar or nonpolar molecules?

Lipids are nonpolar molecules

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

Are lipids polar or nonpolar molecules?

Lipids are nonpolar molecules

What are some of the different kinds of lipids?

(steroids)
(glycerophospholipids)
(waxes)
(fats)
(oils)

Describe some similarities and differences in the structures of a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid

All fatty acids contain a (long) chain of carbon atoms with a (carboxylic acid) group. Saturated fatty acids contain (only carbon-carbon single bon...

Classify each of the following fatty acids as saturated, monounsaturated. or polyunsaturated.

-saturated acids
stearic acidlauric

-monounsaturated acids
palmitoleic acid

-polyunsaturated acids
linolenic acid

What are some effects of prostaglandins in the body?

raise or lower blood pressure
stimulate contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle
may cause inflammation and pain

How does an anti-inflammatory drug reduce inflammation?

block the production of prostaglandins

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TermDefinition

Are lipids polar or nonpolar molecules?

Lipids are nonpolar molecules

What are some of the different kinds of lipids?

(steroids)
(glycerophospholipids)
(waxes)
(fats)
(oils)

Describe some similarities and differences in the structures of a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid

All fatty acids contain a (long) chain of carbon atoms with a (carboxylic acid) group. Saturated fatty acids contain (only carbon-carbon single bonds); unsaturated fatty acids contain (one or more double bonds).

Classify each of the following fatty acids as saturated, monounsaturated. or polyunsaturated.

-saturated acids
stearic acidlauric

-monounsaturated acids
palmitoleic acid

-polyunsaturated acids
linolenic acid

What are some effects of prostaglandins in the body?

raise or lower blood pressure
stimulate contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle
may cause inflammation and pain

How does an anti-inflammatory drug reduce inflammation?

block the production of prostaglandins

Identify each of the following processes as hydrogenation, hydrolysis, or saponification and give the products:
-The reaction of palm oil with KOH

saponification

Identify each of the following processes as hydrogenation, hydrolysis, or saponification and give the products:
Choose the products of this process.

-the potassium salts of the fatty acids
-glycerol

Identify each of the following processes as hydrogenation, hydrolysis, or saponification and give the products:
The reaction of glyceryl trilinoleate from safflower oil with water and HCl

hydrolysis

Identify each of the following processes as hydrogenation, hydrolysis, or saponification and give the products:
Choose the products of this process.

glycerol
linoleic acid