Colonial America to the American Revolution Part 1

Established in 1629 by the Puritans. Governor John Winthrop called it a "city upon a hill." Established for religious purposes.

Religious dissidents who traveled to the New World to develop a purer church than the Church of England.

Exchanged work for passage to the New World.

Permitted by King James I to establish Jamestown for economic reasons.

Native American alliance who had early conflict with the Jamestown settlers. Eventually, they developed a trade alliance and provided the colonists with corn. Pocahontas married John Rolfe to ensure future peace.

Created in 1619 by the Virginia colony. First representative government in any British colony.

Leader of the Seperatist pilgrims who landed on Plymouth Rock.

1620. Provided the pilgrims with a representative government once they reached land.

Preached separation of church and state, and argued that Mass. Bay Colony was too similar to the Church of England. He was exiled for spreading dissent and went to Rhode Island.

Founded the colony of Connecticut. Hooker had been forced out of Mass. Bay Colony.

Exiled from Mass. Bay Colony for claiming personal revelations with God. Established Portsmouth.

Settled Maryland in 1632 as a refuge for English Catholics.

Economic theory: state must be as self-sufficient as possible, export more than input, government regulation of commerce, colonies, tariffs, monopolies.

Passed in 1660. Forced colonies to trade solely with Great Britain, increased tensions.

Slaves taken from Africa and brought to the colonies, raw materials from colonies went to Britain, finished products sold back to the colonies.

African slave route in which many died from horrible conditions.

Hysteria in Salem, Mass. over alleged witches. Many executed on false claims.

British policy of relaxing enforcement of trade regulations in the colonies.

Revoked the charters of many colonies and placed control under Edmund Andros, the governor.

Nathaniel Bacon and a group of landowners opposed Sir Berkeley's authority and burned Jamestown to the ground. Failed, but limited royal governor's power and increased the slave trade.

Occurred in Charleston, South Carolina. Slaves took up arms and killed plantation owners, but were quickly subdued. Results: slaves treated even more harshly.

Rose in the early 1700s. Increased colonial independence, scaring the British.

Increased British control on colonial goods.

Religious revival in the colonies in 1720-1740. Ministers preached horrible images of sinners burning in hell and gained popularity off of fear. Famous among them were Jonathon Edwards and George Whitefield.

Conflict between French with Indian allies and the British with colonial support. Decreased French influence in colonies.

Enacted a tax on all paper products exported from the colonies. Created strong tension and was repealed.

British act forced colonies to pay taxes on most goods from England. Fiercely resisted and repealed in 1770.

British soldiers fought into an agitated colonial crowd, killing five people. Incited enormous tensions.

Radical group that resisted British policy in Boston in 1760-1770. Organized the Boston Tea Party.

Started in Mass. and spread. Circulated grievances against the British and united the colonies.

Met in Philadelphia in 1774. Colonists vowed to resist British efforts to tax them further without proper representation.

Met in 1754 to coordinate policies concerning future western expansion and dealings with Native Americans.

British general sent to defeat the French at Fort Duquesne. He was defeated and killed, which then signaled the start of the French and Indian War.

British general put in charge of the war. He promised reimbursement for colonial support.

British prime minister who taxed the colonies to relieve massive British debt.

Made it illegal to print paper money in the colonies.

Increased penalty for smuggling goods and put a tax on all molasses brought into the colonies.

Forced colonists to provide housing and food to British troops stationed in the colonies.

Led the Sons of Liberty. Proclaimed taxation without representation was tyranny.

Gave Parliament the unquestionable right to tax and pass legislation in the colonies.

Wrote "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania." Parliament had the right to regulate colonial trade, but could not use that power to raise revenue.

Prime minister who came to power in 1770, repealed all Townshend Acts except the tax on tea to keep the colonists under British control.

Legalized the tax on tea and made it cheaper to purchase in the colonies.

65 men dressed as Indians snuck onto a British ship and dumped 350 chests of tea into the harbor.

Took effect in 1774 to punish the colonists for the Tea Party. Closed the port of Boston, gave the Assembly to royal control, and canceled all town meetings.

Increased religious freedom of French Catholics, angering the colonists.

Written by John Adams. Stated that the colonists would not reject moves to regulate their commerce, but would resist moves to tax them without consent.

Colonies would continue to boycott British goods and supported a colonial government until the Intolerable Acts were rescinded. Began to train local militias.

Written by Thomas Paine. Incited resentment to the British and was a call to arms towards the colonists.

Authorized creation of a colonial army. Delegates still hoped to find an alternate way for peace with British.

Turning point in the Revolutionary War. British were defeated in Virginia.

Treaty that ended the Rev. War. Britain recognized American independence and gave them territories from the App. Mtns. to the Miss. River.

Established the first government of the United States. Federal government was much weaker than the state, and was largely unsuccessful.

Authorized sale of lands in NW territory to raise money for the federal govt. Laid out plans for these territories to eventually become states.

First two battles of the Rev. War. Colonists resisted and British pressed on to destroy colonial supplies.

Captured Fort Ticonderoga from the British with his Green Mtn. Boys.

Commander of the Continental Army because of his experience. First president of the US who sought to establish respect for the presidency.

Final plea for peace sent to George III, who refused to even receive the document.

Signed on June 7, 1776 officially stating colonial independence from Britain.

Bloody defeat for the colonists, but also incurred many losses for the British.

Washington defeated Hessian troops on Christmas night, boosting colonial morale.

British were defeated during their plan to take Albany, one of the turning points of the war.

Brief cease fire during winter, troops were plagued by malnutrition and desertion

British general Cornwallis was defeated here by French and colonial forces. Last battle of the Rev. War.

Farmer rebellion against the government because of inflation and debt. They were put down, but displayed the need for a stronger govt.

Proposed a bicameral legislature with reps determined by a state's population.

Proposed a unicameral legislature with each state having one vote.

CT plan, proposed a bicameral legislature with one house determined by population and one house having equal representation.

Procedure for electing the president and VP by number of electors, not popular vote.

Slaves would count as 3/5 of person to determine a state's representation in the House.

Political party that favored a larger national govt supported by commercial interests. Opposed by Jeffersonians.

Proposed by Pres. John Adams which gave the pres. the power to expel "dangerous" aliens and outlaw "scandalous" publications against the govt.

Favored a smaller govt because of fear of another tyranny. They pushed for a Bill of Rights.

First 10 amendments of the US. Free speech, freedom of religion, right to bear arms, no quartering of troops, warrants needed to search, trial by jury, due process of the law, no cruel and unusual punishment, unlisted rights were protected, powers not given to federal govt belonged to the states.

Most attractive man in history. Wanted the US to be a manufacturing society and believed in mercantilism. Wanted a strong govt and a broad interpretation of the constitution. Wrote the Report on the Public Credit saying the US had to redeem notes issued by the Articles of Confed. Proposed a national bank to provide loans to businesses.

Wanted an agricultural society, free trade, weak govt, and strict interpretation of the govt.

Allowed American merchants to trade with both sides of the conflict between Europe and France.

Pennsylvania farmers rebelled against a tax Hamilton placed on whiskey.

Britain had the right to remove French supplies from American ships, but had to leave certain forts in the NW territory.

American delegates went to France to negotiate. They were met by officials who demanded a bribe before they could see Talleyrand which the delegates refused. This damaged French relations.