Colonial America to the American Revolution Part 4

Ballinger sold millions of acres of land in Alaska to private business interests. When Pinchot, head of Forest Service, objected, Taft fired him.

Teddy Roosevelt ran for president again in 1912 under this progressive party. Hiram Johnson was his VP. He felt Taft was not being progressive enough, and was mad at his decision to bust US Steel.

Enforced antitrust laws.

Established district reserve banks to protect the economy from future panics.

Fought for black political equality in America.

First US forces that landed in France to aid the war effort. They were led by Gen. John J. Pershing.

Regulated American industry during WWI. Wanted to stimulate wartime production by allocating raw materials to factories that aided the war effort.

Created during WWI to spread pro-Allied propaganda across the country. Newspapers were asked to only print articles that supported the war.

Wilson's plan for the postwar world which he brought to the Paris Peace Conference. It proposed open peace treaties, freedom of the seas, arms reductions, and a League of Nations.

Alliance during WWI made up of France, Russia, and GB.

Alliance during WWI made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

Founded in 1914 to instill patriotism and prepare America for war.

A German U-Boat sunk this British passenger ship which killed 128 Americans.

Germany agreed not to sink any ships without prior warning.

Germans announced they would immediately sink any ship from any country attempting to enter an Allied port.

Intercepted message from the German foreign minister to Mexico stating that if Mexico would attack the US, they would be given back all the territory the US took from them.

Americans prevented the Germans from crossing the Marne and advancing toward Paris.

Cut the supply lines of the German army and was a turning point in the war.

Allowed the govt to regulate food production and consumption during WWI.

Made it illegal to obstruct the draft process in any way and any material sent through the mail thought to incite treason could be seized.

600,000 blacks moved north during WWI to find work in factories.

Created a Jewish state in Palestine. Supported by the Zionist movement.

Opposed American membership in the League of Nations under any circumstances.

Wanted restrictions on American membership into the League of Nations.

Scandal during the Harding administration. Secretary of the Interior, Fall, had two oil deposits put under the jurisdiction of his department and leased them to private companies for large sums of money.

Fear of the spread of communism in the United States after WWI.

Part of the Red Scare. Thousands of Americans not born in the US were arrested and many were sent back to their country of origin.

Anti-immigration legislation that substantially lowered the amount of people allowed into the country. Immigration from Asia was stopped completely.

Trial of John Scopes of Tennessee for teaching evolution in school.

Emphasized relaxed social attitudes of the 1920s.

The new woman of the 20s with bobbed hair, shorter skirts, makeup, cigarettes, and were found in more urban centers.

Post WWI writers who expressed dissatisfaction with mainstream American culture.

1920s black literary and cultural movement.

Diplomats from the US, Japan, China, the Netherlands, Belgium, Portugal, France, GB, and Italy met to discuss the elimination of naval development and affairs in China and the rest of Asia. They agreed to respect Chinese independence.

Increased tariffs on industrial goods.

Limited immigration to 3% the existing amount living in the US. Limited immigration of Eastern and Southern Europeans.

Feminist who promoted the use of birth control and tried to educate immigrants on contraceptives.

Granted women the right to vote in 1920.

Shack settlements found on the outskirts of cities at the beginning of the Great Depression.

Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, and Texas experienced extreme drought, poor farming, and massive dust storms.

1930, imposed severe tariffs on all incoming goods. European countries then increased their tariffs, doing little to help the American economy.

Established during the 'first 100 days' of FDR's New Deal to halt panic over bank closings. It insured the deposits of individual citizens.

Provided jobs for 2.5 million young Americans in forest and conservation programs.

New Deal legislation that required labor unions to agree upon hours, wages, and prices. Wages went up for many workers, but so did prices.

Created in the New Deal to oversee construction of dams, which provided electricity and flood control for those in the Tenn. Valley Area.

New Deal program that employed 8 million Americans. Projects included construction of schools and roads.

New Deal legislation that protected the right of workers to form union and utilize collective bargaining.

New Deal legislation that provided pensions for workers reaching retirement age.

Political coalition created by FDR that kept the Democratic party in power from the 30s to the 60s. Consisted of workers in US cities, southern voters, labor unions, and blacks.

Nine black defendants accused of raping two white women on a train. There was no evidence, but they were found guilty and all but one were executed.

Created a Federal Farm Board that gave loans to farmers and bought crops to keep farm prices up.

Gave money to banks who were authorized to loan this money to businesses and railroads.

17,000 veterans who asked the federal govt for bonuses they were supposed to get in 1945. Hoover refused, and sent troops to have them removed from the area.

FDR's plan for getting America out of the Great Depression.

Established to stop falling prices in industry.

NIRA was declared unconstitutional.

Tried to stop the decline in farm prices by paying them not to produce certain products.

Started in 1935, was another plan of legislation to curb unemployment.

Offered loans to small farmers who faced foreclosure.

Created by the Wagner Act to enforce its provisions.

Influential opponents of the New Deal, who attributed it to Bolshevism.

New Deal legislation that increased the tax rate for those making over $50,000.

Vicious opponent of the New Deal. On the radio, he denounced FDR as a liar and a betrayer, and went on to support Hitler and Mussolini. He was kicked off the radio after making anti-Semitic statements during WW2.

Opponent of the New Deal who felt FDR was not doing enough to stop poverty. He called for a redistribution of wealth which would prevent any American from earning over $1 million a year. He was assassinated before he could put any plans into action.

Proposed by FDR, which would have allowed him to appoint a new Supreme Court Justice for every justice over 70 years old. Congress voted against it, thus damaging their relationship with FDR.

Organized and represented unskilled factory and textile workers.

American foreign policy in the 20s-30s revolving around nonintervention in foreign conflicts that did not directly threaten US interests.

Meeting between the big three; made decisions about the future of postwar Europe. Germany would be divided into four zones, free elections would take place after the war in Eastern Europe, and the Soviet Union would join the war against Japan.

Forced march of US and Filipino soldiers by the Japanese over 60 miles during which 10,000 were killed.

Secret project to build an atomic bomb in the US. First successful test was on July 16, 1945.

Symbolized American women working during WW2. After the war however, they were expected to return to the home.

Popularized by U black leaders during WW2 emphasizing a need for a double victory over Germany and Japan, but also over racial prejudices in the country.

Mandatory resettlement camps for Japanese-Americans on the west coast during WW2. FDR ordered it and was supported by the Supreme Court.

Prominent Isolationist group who believed it was best to stay out of foreign conflicts.

Congressional committee led by Sen. Gerald Nye who investigated America's entry into WWI. They found that bankers and arms manufacturers influenced this decision.

If countries went to war, the US would not trade arms with them for six months; any nonmilitary goods sold to nations at war would have to be paid for up front and transported in non-American ships. (Cash-and-Carry)

Allowed cash-and-carry to countries at war in order to indirectly support Britain and France in WW2.

Congress gave the president the ability to send immediate aid to Britain.

Roosevelt and Churchill proclaimed their opposition to territorial expansion and that they were for free trade and self-determination. Made the first steps towards creating a stronger world organization.

Dec 7, 1941, Japanese bombed the US naval base in Hawaii. America responded by declaring war on Japan and Germany.