Colonial America to the American Revolution Part 5

Expanded the number of Americans who had to pay the federal income tax in order to generate more revenue for WW2.

German torpedoes sunk many American ships.

Allied invasion of Northern France that occurred on June 6, 1944. Began the demise of Nazi troops.

Last major German offensive of the war. Allies were pushed back into Belgium, but with reinforcements were able to force the Germans to retreat.

Hitler's plan to exterminate all of Europe's Jewish population in an event called the Holocaust.

First decisive victory for the Americans in the Pacific War. This battle stopped the Japanese advance into Australia.

Turning point in the Pacific War, in which Japan was never able to launch another major offensive.

American marines fought hand-to-hand with Japanese.

US strategy in the Pacific War. Japanese strongholds would be targeted one by one and marines would push off of captured islands.

Supreme Court ruled that internment camps were legal because they were based on 'military necessity.'

Eastern European countries that came under control of the Soviet Union after WW2.

Coined by Churchill to describe the Soviets drawing a line between the communist countries of eastern Europe and the free countries of western Europe.

Devised by George F. Kennan, who believed the US needed to implement long term military, economic, and diplomatic strategies to contain the spread of communism.

1947, Stated that the US would support any democratic nation that was resisting communism.

Spent $12 billion for the rebuilding of western Europe after WW2. Produced an economic revival and helped fight off communist influence.

America flew supplies to West Berlin after the Soviet Union and East Germany blocked roads leading to the city.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; military alliance between the US and Western European countries formed in April 1949.

Military pact formed in 1955 between the Soviet Union and its satellite countries.

House Un-American Activities Committee; 1947, investigated the entertainment industry for communist influences.

Created by HUAC indicating individuals in the entertainment industry who may be communists or have been influenced by communists in the past. Those blacklisted could not find work until the 60s.

Accusations by Sen. Joseph McCarthy that certain people in govt were secretly communists. These claims were unsubstantial.

If one country in a region fell to communism, then countries in the region would follow. Justified US involvement in Vietnam.

First artificial satellite launched in 1957 by the Soviet Union. Shocked the American scientific community.

Conference between Truman, Clement Atlee, and Stalin to discuss the future of Eastern Europe. Nazi war leaders were to be tried for war-crimes and Truman announced to Stalin the existence of the atomic bomb.

Truman ordered this H-bomb to be developed after the Soviet Union announced their first successful test of the atomic bomb. The H-bomb was much stronger than the atomic bomb.

Created by Truman. Had the jurisdiction to investigate federal workers for ties to communism.

Enacted in 1950 forcing all communist organizations to register with the government. Members of these organizations were not allowed to work in any job relating to national defense.

Limited immigration from Asia and Eastern Europe in an effort to stop communism from entering the US.

Korea was divided here into North and South Korea. North being communist and South being pro-American.

North Korea invaded the South and United Nations forces were sent to stop them. Douglas MacArthur led the troops. Communist China sent aid to the North, forcing MacArthur to retreat. Peace talks restored the boundary to exactly the same place it had already been.

Theory by John Foster Dulles who believed instead of simply containing communism, America should force communism to retreat whenever possible.

Vietnamese rebels under Ho Chi Minh overthrew the French.

International conference that established a North Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh and a South Vietnam under the Emperor, Bao Dai.

In response to US refusal to supply him with arms, Egyptian leader Nasser nationalized the British-owned Suez Canal. Britain and France attacked, but America was able to convince them to retreat for fear of Soviet interference.

American arms would be used in a region to prevent communist agression.

Defensive alliance of most nations of the Western Hemisphere to prevent communist takeovers in Latin America.

1954; Supreme Court decision stating separate but equal was unconstitutional and ordered the desegregation of schools across America.

1955; Blacks in Montgomery wanted the local bus company to stop discriminatory seating and hiring policies. This started with Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat to a white man and was later led by Martin Luther King, Jr.

1947-1962, many Americans were married and had record amounts of children.

Written by Betty Friedan describing frustration felt by suburban women in the 50s.

Literary movement characterized by authors who rejected materialistic culture of the decade. Authors included Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and William Burroughs.

Developed by William Levitt, were the first neighborhoods that would eventually be called the suburbs.

Passed in 1947 over Truman's veto. Stated that if any strike affected the US, they president could call for an 80-day cooling off period where negotiations would take place and workers would go back to work. Union contributions of individuals could not be used in federal elections. Union leaders had to officially declare they were not communists.

Truman's policy to continue FDR's progressive legislation. He had plans for national heath care, civil rights legislation, the repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act, and increased govt spending for public housing and education.

Domestic policies proposed by JFK that included Medicare, aid to education, and urban renewal.

Domestic policies proposed by Lyndon Johnson to assist the underprivileged. Included creation of the Department of Housing and Urban Affairs, Head Start, and Medicare.

Civil rights legislation that outlawed racial discrimination in public facilities, employment, and in voter registration.

Philosophy of young blacks in the 60s who were impatient with the slow speed of desegregation. They believed blacks should create their own institutions rather than seeking integration into white society.

Supreme Court Case that legalized abortion with some restrictions.

Congressional resolution passed following reports of North Vietnamese violence on US ships. It gave the president power to fight the Vietnam War without congressional approval.

Radical, activist student organization that advocated a democratic, participatory society. They were major opponents of the Vietnam War.

Movement by young people in the 60s who rejected political involvement and emphasized the need for personal revolution.

Ohio Campus where four students protesting US involvement in Cambodia were shot and killed by National Guardsmen.

Appointed to investigate Kennedy's assassination. They concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald had acted alone.