History - Buddhism

History35 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers key concepts, figures, texts, and teachings of Buddhism, including its major branches and practices.

Who is the major figure in Buddhism?

Siddhartha Gautama - Founder of Buddhism; The Buddha (“the enlightened one”/teacher) - telling others the path to enlightenment and how to liberate themselves from suffering; Founder of Buddhism; Sakyamuni (Nickname); Means “Enlightened One” He is said to have renounced his worldly possessions and taught of a way to overcome suffering

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

Who is the major figure in Buddhism?

Siddhartha Gautama - Founder of Buddhism; The Buddha (“the enlightened one”/teacher) - telling others the path to enligh...

What was Siddhartha’s early life like?

Experienced all of the things (suffering, aging, death) at once because he never experienced/learned about spiritual aff...

What does Buddha mean?
Enlightened one; One that achieved nirvana; Tell others the path to enlightenment and how to liberate themselves from suffering
What is the holy/major text of Buddhism?
Sutra - Sacred text, especially one said to record the words of the Buddha
What are the different forms of Buddhism?
Theravada, Mahayana, Tantric
What is Theravada(Hinayana) Buddhism?
Teaching/way of elders; Based its practices on the earliest known recorded texts of the Buddha’s teachings, written in the Pali language; Oldest servi...

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TermDefinition

Who is the major figure in Buddhism?

Siddhartha Gautama - Founder of Buddhism; The Buddha (“the enlightened one”/teacher) - telling others the path to enlightenment and how to liberate themselves from suffering; Founder of Buddhism; Sakyamuni (Nickname); Means “Enlightened One” He is said to have renounced his worldly possessions and taught of a way to overcome suffering

What was Siddhartha’s early life like?

Experienced all of the things (suffering, aging, death) at once because he never experienced/learned about spiritual affairs/out of the palace when he’s young (Cause he’s a prince); One day, curiosity made everything hits him at one time; Mediates under a tree and one day, he finally came to realization; Tries to become a guru

He saw disturbance during 4 chariot rides outside the palace walls, which made him decide to seek the understanding of what he had seen
An old man - old age
A sick man - physical suffering
A dead body - death
A holy man meditating

What does Buddha mean?
Enlightened one; One that achieved nirvana; Tell others the path to enlightenment and how to liberate themselves from suffering
What is the holy/major text of Buddhism?
Sutra - Sacred text, especially one said to record the words of the Buddha
What are the different forms of Buddhism?
Theravada, Mahayana, Tantric
What is Theravada(Hinayana) Buddhism?
Teaching/way of elders; Based its practices on the earliest known recorded texts of the Buddha’s teachings, written in the Pali language; Oldest serving branch of Buddhism; More conservative; The version that’s the most original/traditional; No gods; Siddhartha is the central figure - see Nirvana as cease to exist
What is Mahayana Buddhism?
“Greater vehicles”; New meaning of nirvana (Think of it as heaven); Not necessary to leave secular world; Bodhisattvas; Monks and nuns; More diverse texts; Most popular religion; Siddhartha is not the central figure - he is just one of many; Strives to integrate the Buddha’s teachings into people’s everyday lives; Mixes with different cultures and forms different combinations
What is Tantric(Esoteric / Vajrayana) Buddhism?
Meditation; Mandalas; Become monks - martial arts; Vajrayana - Can just be an ordinary person - not a lot of monks; Prayer-like words and phrases; Nirvana = Heaven like place
What is the Goal of Buddhism?
To achieve/obtain Nirvana (Through moksha) and if you are liberated, then you will be able to escape suffering/the cycle of rebirth and achieve nirvana; To cease to exist; Achieve Nirvana - the state of liberation from suffering and the cycle of rebirth by following the path to enlightenment taught by the Buddha
What are the 4 Noble Truths?
Suffering exists Suffering arises from attachment to desire Suffering ceases when attachment to desire ceases Freedom from suffering is possible by practicing the Eightfold Path
What are Central Teachings of Buddhism?
Several ideologies (Not 1); Buddhism is mainly in China - Much more diverse; Meaning of Life summarize into 2 main ideas: Suffering; Nirvana; Eightfold Path; 4 Noble Truth; 3 Branches
What are the 4 Noble Truths of Buddhism about?
Suffering
Who are Bodhisattvas
Enlightened beings who put off nirvana to come back and help others become enlightened; A Buddha that doesn’t go to nirvana but helps everyone else get there; Traditional/original Chinese gods turns into Bodhisattvas - stick around
What is Nirvana and how is it different from Hinduism?
The state of enlightenment for Buddhists; Supreme peace; Different from Hinduism because there is no soul in Buddhism
What are the Eightfold Path of Buddhism?
Right understanding Right intent Right speech Right action Right livelihood Right effort Right mindfulness Right concentration
What are the Eightfold Path of Buddhism about?
In Buddhism, the basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering; Can achieve state of nirvana by following eightfold path; The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali refers to 8 limbs of yoga, each of which offers guidance on how to live a meaningful and purposeful life; “Middle path” to enlightenment and ending of desires
What is Samsara?
Repeating cycle of birth, life, death, and reincarnation
What is Nirvana in Siddhartha Gautama Buddhism?
State of non - existence
What are the values of Buddhism?
4 Noble Truths; Eightfold Path; 5 Precepts
What is Nirvana in Mahayana Buddhism?
Heavenly like place/existence
How is Meditation related to Buddhism?
A fundamental practice aimed at cultivating mindfulness, concentration, and insight; Various forms are practiced to attain mental clarity and spiritual growth
What is Karma in Buddhism?
Linking of people’s actions and their consequences; Governs Samsara by how it’s is created and balanced
What is Dharma in Buddhism?
The teaching and practice of the Buddha in general
Lotus flower
Symbol of buddhism - in a swamp symbolize world is suffering and achieving nirvana is like the flower
Guru
A Hindu or Buddhist religious leader and spiritual teacher; People who goes into the world and separate them from the world
Stupa
Buddhist shrine that is shaped like a dome or mound; Buddhist holy sight
Yogi
Practitioner of yoga
Monk
They don't have children; Some know martial arts; Some are masters of meditation - can control their heart rate and body heat
Dalai Lama
Seen as a Bodhisattva - priest/king Chosen - he is the “reincarnation” of the previous king; Kids that show some exceptional qualities - choose items that he had in his previous life
What were the government of Buddhism like?
Pacifist (Peace-lovers) religion; Discourages rebellion against your own government
Mandala
Geometric design that symbolize/represent the universe; A spiritual object (often like art, represents realm of divine)
What were the military of Buddhism like?
Buddhists believe in a comforting afterlife, making death easier to face and accept
Pali Canon
Combination/collection of sutras
What role did spirituality play in Buddhism?
Stupas and shrines serves as a form of comfort in times of stress
What were the art and culture of Buddhism like?
Poetry