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Strait
A narrow passage separating two pieces of land
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Strait
A narrow passage separating two pieces of land
Hellespont
A strait that connects the Aegean Sea to Sea of Marmara, providing a direct route from Europe to Asia
Bosporus Strait
A strait that connects the Black Sea with the Aegean Sea / Mediterranean Sea, forming trades with others (Europe and Asia) - Cultural diffusion; Large...
Sea of Marmara
Sea between Hellespont and Bosporus - Connects Europe and Asia, Mediterranean and Black Sea; Trade by land and sea - high cultural diffusion
Eastern Roman Empire
Another name for the Byzantines (the west half fell)
Constantinople
Constantine moved the capital out of Rome to Byzantine and renamed it Nova Roma / New Rome / 2nd Rome and after he died, it was named after him; Most ...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Strait | A narrow passage separating two pieces of land |
Hellespont | A strait that connects the Aegean Sea to Sea of Marmara, providing a direct route from Europe to Asia |
Bosporus Strait | A strait that connects the Black Sea with the Aegean Sea / Mediterranean Sea, forming trades with others (Europe and Asia) - Cultural diffusion; Largest cultural diffusion/most valuable place of real estate in the world - Silk road from China |
Sea of Marmara | Sea between Hellespont and Bosporus - Connects Europe and Asia, Mediterranean and Black Sea; Trade by land and sea - high cultural diffusion |
Eastern Roman Empire | Another name for the Byzantines (the west half fell) |
Constantinople | Constantine moved the capital out of Rome to Byzantine and renamed it Nova Roma / New Rome / 2nd Rome and after he died, it was named after him; Most impressive city at the time - Diverse population; Lasted over 1000 years |
Justinian | Reign: 527-565; Nephew of Byzantine empire; Controversial from other Byzantine rulers who all preferred the wealthy and noble over the shady and commoners - left his wealthy status then came back; Reorganized Byzantine for success; Supported and expanded Christianity influence |
Theodora | Justinian’s wife; Came from a poor family; Power behind Justinian; Saved entire empire from crisis (Nika revolt); Helped create laws for women rights |
Belisarius | General - In charge of the whole Byzantine army; Commoner(Came from a poor/shady background); Reclaimed the lost Western empire and a lot more land; Defends Constantinople from invasions |
Nika Revolt | Riot during horse-race from people who worked for Justinian because they wanted to replace him - Justinian was going to run away but Theodora stopped and commanded him to go out there and stop the riot |
Rule of Law | Justinian believed in what’s right is determined by what’s fair; Sent advisors to gather old Roman laws; Define the rights for all people; |
Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Laws) | Fairness and equality; Ancient Roman laws and legal principles that the Byzantines preserved - still used today; Justinian organized a government based on fairness - Reason why Democracy was able to live one |
Code of Hammurabi | Fair is fair - Deliberately hurting someone (high punishment) vs Accidentally hurting someone (low punishment) |
Justinian’s main job | Picking the right person for the right job/for them to be powerful |
Metropolis | Mother city |
Art in Greek | Most important: Literacy |
Mosaic | From Byzantines: Justinian; Tiles of different shapes and sizes; Displayed in church: Hagia Sophia, etc |
Hagia Sophia | Church of Holy Wisdom; Biggest church in the world - Built by Justinian - Dome = Most impressive feature; Turned into mosque |
Surrounding features | Surrounded by 3 waters - Defenders of water - greek fire |
Constantine | Cultural shift - Eastern Christianity was associated with the Pope in Rome but when he was cut off, it became Greek Orthodox Christianity |
Icons | Paintings of a holy saint/person; Important in Orthodox Christianity - Catholic had stained glass windows |
Missionary Work | Converted most of Europe, especially Russia, to Orthodox Christianity |
Cyril and Methodius | Cyrillic alphabet came from his name; They spreading literacy to illiterate people - translated the bible by creating new alphabet related to Greek alphabet - People spoke the same language but wrote it differently |
Western Europeans | Religious symbols; Greco - Roman Mythology; Basing their society on the idea of law/citizen centered society from the Byzantines; |
Soft Power | Didn't have a strong military but influenced others by religion and belief |
Patriarch | Similar to Pope; Head of religious practice/church |