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Who were the enlightenment thinkers?
Thomas Hobbes; John Locke; Montesquieu; JJR; Voltaire; Adam Smith
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Who were the enlightenment thinkers?
Thomas Hobbes; John Locke; Montesquieu; JJR; Voltaire; Adam Smith
Enlightenment
An age of reason - Rational analysis; Believed in reason over faith
What did Thomas Hobbes write and why?
The Leviathan - In defense of divine rights of king
What were Thomas Hobbes ideas?
Divine rights of king = People are irrational + self-destructing; Need powerful government or else life would be “nasty”
What were John Locke’s ideas?
Natural rights - Contract theory of government = Power derives from the governed and that government could never take away natural rights of life, lib...
What did Montesquieu write?
Spirit of the Laws
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Who were the enlightenment thinkers? | Thomas Hobbes; John Locke; Montesquieu; JJR; Voltaire; Adam Smith |
Enlightenment | An age of reason - Rational analysis; Believed in reason over faith |
What did Thomas Hobbes write and why? | The Leviathan - In defense of divine rights of king |
What were Thomas Hobbes ideas? | Divine rights of king = People are irrational + self-destructing; Need powerful government or else life would be “nasty” |
What were John Locke’s ideas? | Natural rights - Contract theory of government = Power derives from the governed and that government could never take away natural rights of life, liberty, and property |
What did Montesquieu write? | Spirit of the Laws |
What were Montesquieu’s ideas? | Separation of powers in government (division into 3 branches) to prevent any one part or person from becoming oppressive; Political liberty in stable state |
What were Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s ideas? | Popular sovereignty = Power originates with the ruled - government serves the people |
What did JJR write? | The Social Contract - people are born with certain natural rights and that people joined societies in order to advance their own interests, not sacrifice them |
What were Voltaire’s ideas? | Freedom of thought in all forms: speech, religion, assembly, etc; Rational principles needed to achieve progress |
What did Voltaire write? | Candidate |
What were Adam Smith’s ideas? | Capitalism (economics) = Individuals were allowed to pursue their own interests with less government intervention; Laws of supply and demand |
What did Adam Smith write? | Wealth of Nations - Individuals should make decisions about what to buy and sell based on their natural self-interest - more sufficient use of human labor |
What didn’t Adam Smith like? | Mercantilism |
Philosophes | Intellectuals in France who address their work to the public |
Deists | People who believed in the existence of God based on reason but denied supernatural teachings of Christianity |