History - Gunpowder Empires

Ottomans / Safavids / Mughals - Empires that utilized gunpowder during warfare

Economic Prosperity (all devoted to arts); Strong armies and used gunpowder in warfare New technology, art, and view to the outside world Improved artistic traditions; all Islamic states

Ottomans: Most tolerant empire; Get non-turks to participate in activities Safavids: Empire that’s the most uninformed and intolerant Converted everyone to Shia Islam or persecuted non-Muslims Mughals: Some-what tolerant (depending on the ruler) At their best when there is a very tolerant government (under Akbar the Great) Declined when government is intolerant (under Aurangzeb)

Located in Anatolia; Religion: Islam; Militarism over other aspects of life; Powerful bands of soldiers; Osman; Emperor Mehmet II; Suleiman I

1st Emperor; Prophet dream / vision; Uses legitimacy with Muhammad to assert authority over rivals of Anatolia

Conquer territories of Byzantine Empire (Constantinople); Power of strategy and utility of gunpowder in warfare

Greatest extent of the Ottomans (prosperity); Almost succeeded in conquering Europe and destroying Christendom

Turks / (Sunni) Muslims; Islam + Religious Tolerance: Accepted Islamic laws; Developed tolerance of other religions in their Empire Importance: More freedom + safety to worship one’s own religion than any other countries

Preferring military power and efficiency over other aspects of life

Tight and powerful raiding bands of Ottomans (to survive against invasions or looted)

Elite fighting corp of Ottoman army; Children taken from non-Muslim families and converted to Islam; Raised with sole purpose of serving in the army

Most promising and intelligent / educated ones are close advisors to the sultan; Most Janissaries are in the army / fighting force of the sultan

Muslim word for Ruler or King

Janissaries that showed political promise; Responsible for collecting taxes and maintain peace and stability

Success in battle; Chosen to serve the sultan - gave up their entire lives / legally slaves

With a combination of incomparable training, skilled with a variety of weapons, and the backing of gunpowder-fueled cannons

Highly privileged in society; Tax privileges, marriage ties, close contact with royal household; Powerful interests with ties

Locals can join the Janissaries and elevate their rank; More opportunities opened to them

Islam - Ottomans were muslims who conquered in the name of Islam

Spirit of Islamic laws; Tolerance of other religions in their empire - Millet system

System used by Ottomans - Legal system that declared each religious community was governed by its own religious laws and courts; Jews and Christians had legal protections to worship in their own faiths - More freedom than other countries at the time

Calligraphy (in images, showing complexed artisanship; (ceramic) Textiles / Rugs / Carpets (with calligraphy or contrast in color); People with round headwear with round accessory on top

Located in Iran / Persia; Capital: Isfahan; Ismail; Shah Abbas I

Made everyone Shiite Islam; Founder / Leader of the Safavid Sufi order; Twelve Shia Islam - Family was Sunni; Made Shia Islam the state religion; Converted majority of people (Iranians) to Shia Islam or persecuted non-Muslims

Recaptured Baghdad from the Ottomans (with outside help); Established Isfahan as capital of Safavids

Persians; Shia Islam + NO religious tolerance: Religious unity; Converted most Iranians to Shia Islam; United unorganized elements / people within their territory; Worsened their relationship with Sunni Muslims (Ottomans); Baghdad; Religious unity

Royal families with books (people aka Sufi scholars with round white and long black tips headwear); Textiles / Rugs / Carpets (red, orange, or yellow); Hanged up as tapestry

Located in India; Babur; Akbar (the Great); Jahan Shah; Aurangzeb

Founder; Muslim; 1st to build a Mughal mosque in India (Palace); 1st time cannons are used in battle in India

Greatest Ruler; Converted Indians to Islam; Synthesis of Islamic and Hindu culture; Religious toleration Incorporated Hindus (+ other religious groups) into the bureaucracy aka economic and military systems of the empire; Promoted Art -> Increased creativity, achievement, and cultural production; Believes that “no one religion has absolute authority of beliefs”; Established the military services and combination of bureaucracy and army; Expanded empire across Deccan Plateau

Constructed the famous Taj Mahal (as tribute to his favorite late wife); Monument of love; Design go back to a time of Sufi Saints; Result of Hindu + Muslim synthesis

Guru of Sikhs; Related with Mughals

Worst ruler; Despised religious toleration; Asserted forceful Muslim authority over Indians; Collecting taxes; Destroying sacred Hindu sites; Leaves Mughal Empire vulnerable to European exploration

Greatest painter in Islamic World / Safavid and Mughal Empires; Painted Miniatures; Artist that was considered radical by Ismail; Fired by Ismail because he depicted humans in paintings; Moved to Mughal, India

Muslims (even tho minority is in power); Descended from Turks and Mongols

Lots of details / Connection to India; Sikhism