History - Islam

To submit to Allah; All believers of the faith are equal

Prophet of Allah; Born in Mecca but moved to Medina - Hijra because he had monotheistic ideas while most people in Mecca were polytheistic <- considered a threat;

Muhammad; Someone that can communicate to Allah/God directly

Trip / Escape from Mecca to Medina; Considered the 1st year in the Islamic calendar; Moment when people became a community and not divided between clans/families

Only god in Islam

Person who practices Islam

Muhammad’s birthplace (Mecca is in the Arabian Penisula); Polytheistic ideas - Muhammad were considered a threat

Place where Muhammad fled to; People were more accepting of Muhammad’s ideas; As his influence got bigger, he took back Mecca

Holy book for Islam; Includes Muhammad’s conversation with Gabriel; Muhammad’s students wrote it because he was illiterate -> Similar to Confucius

Basic rules/principles for Islam that everyone have to follow

1st rule of Islam: Allah is the only God and Muhammad is the Prophet

2nd rule of Islam: Muslims must pray 5 times a day facing Mecca

3rd rule of Islam: Tax collected by the government to help the poor

4th rule of Islam: Fasting because people need to experience/understand what it’s like to be the poor in a society

Pilgrimage to Mecca; Everyone able to are required to make the trip to Mecca at least once in their lifetime to clear their sins; Major cultural diffusion - Trade/Lots of business -> All information from around the world comes to Mecca

Destination of the Hajj; Used as a chamber to store Idols for the polytheistic people but after Muhammad took back Mecca, he destroyed all the idols but kept the black box as it was seen as the center of prayer

Muslims that had a more emotional relationship with Allah - Worshiped in dance and artistic styles

Struggle/conflict based off on occasions; Most surviving religions need to fight off enemies so that their religion can prosper; Being able to fight back - Muhammad learns this early on

House of worship for Muslims

Had slavery but slaves were treated better because of the Koran

No pork; No alcohol because they lived in the Arabian Peninsula where the major geological feature was deserts - Alcohol makes people more thirsty

Successor of the Prophet/Muhammad; Competition between Abu Bakr and Ali

Ali; Leader should have both political and spiritual power; Need to be a descendant of Muhammad

Abu Bakr; More separation between political and spiritual power; Don’t need to be descendant of Muhammad

Muhammad's father in law; Wanted only political power because the Koran already provided all the spiritual guidance; Wanted to become the caliph because it shouldn't be based on lineage since Muhammad left his family to form a community/Islam; Widely supported in the beginning

Muhammad's son; Wanted both political and spiritual power because that what his dad had; Thought it should be based off on lineage

When 1 person have both spiritual and political power/authority - Head of state is also head of church

The Muslims took out the Byzantines and Persians by third - partying them; Took out many powerful rivals so there wasn't much competition

Allah was a merciful god; Sufis had a large influence - Promoted education by developing Koran schools, positive and emotional experience; Social mobility

Cultural diffusion; Muslims like merchants - Pro trade; More money which improved relationships with others

If you are a Muslim, then you are the same as everyone else; Believes that all individuals are equal - not based off on social status, wealth, or lineage; Zakat -> Help and support upward mobility for less privileged people; No social hiarchy

Damascus, Syria; Only Arabs can join -> Increases of people converting into Islam; Great Mosque of Cordoba; Fled after Abbasid took over; Spread of Arab language

Baghdad; More inclusive of non-muslims -> Greater cultural diffusion -> Golden age of Islam: House of wisdom where scholars who weren't Arabs could go; Have an effective government than the Umayyad;

Influence of Arab population increase in an area

Segregation between gender - Women does women stuff and men does men stuff; Males and females are considered equal on a spiritual level - varies by culture

When a man can have multiple wives so that more people can be included/supported in families

Religious legal code where civil authorities are not in control but religious authorities are; Tend to change often; Laws of transactions, family laws, succession laws

Scholar for Sharia courts <- Isn't a judge

Garment to cover the head for women

Battle between Medina and Mecca

Religious text other than the Koran - Sayings attributed to Muhammad that provide guidance for many areas of private and social life, using stories as moral behaviors