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Franks
German invaders - Militarily powerful; Important because create largest and most stable empire since fall of Rome
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Franks
German invaders - Militarily powerful; Important because create largest and most stable empire since fall of Rome
Church in Dark Ages
Only organized institution - Provide comfort
Capital of the Franks
Aechen (Charlemagne’s reign)
Clovis
1st King of the Franks; Unification of various Frankish tribes under 1 ruler; Baptized and covert to Christianity - Gain support from Catholic Church;...
Where is the Catholic Church located?
Rome
732 Battle of Tours / Battle of Poitiers
Battle between Franks vs Moors/Muslims (Islam); Stopped northward expansion of Islamic rule into Western Europe; Martel built his own professional arm...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Franks | German invaders - Militarily powerful; Important because create largest and most stable empire since fall of Rome |
Church in Dark Ages | Only organized institution - Provide comfort |
Capital of the Franks | Aechen (Charlemagne’s reign) |
Clovis | 1st King of the Franks; Unification of various Frankish tribes under 1 ruler; Baptized and covert to Christianity - Gain support from Catholic Church; Forced soldiers to convert |
Where is the Catholic Church located? | Rome |
732 Battle of Tours / Battle of Poitiers | Battle between Franks vs Moors/Muslims (Islam); Stopped northward expansion of Islamic rule into Western Europe; Martel built his own professional army and fought the Moors who were advancing into Europe and a threat to Christian kingdoms; Franks won; |
Charles Martel | Martel = Hammer; Advisor to King; Defender of Christianity; Gains taxes / land from Christians to support his army and fight moors |
Moors | Spanish Muslims |
Charlemagne / Charles the Great | One of the King of the Franks; Creates circumstances for cultural rebirth; Introduce education system; 1st time forcing non-Christians to become Christian; Emperor of the Romans; Carolingian Renaissance |
Christmas Day 800 | Day Charlemagne was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by Pope - Saves Pope from German invaders |
Carolingian Renaissance | Reign of Charlemagne; Books; Monasteries |
Carolingian Minister | Lowercase Letters invented by Charlemagne |
Rhine River | Contains half of French, half of Germany - In both countries |
Primogeniture | Eldest son of the family gets all the land |
Feudal System | Decentralized political system; Vassals; Loyalty to lord; Political and military system that provide clarity |
Vassals | People with lower authorities; Lowest vassal is still a noble, knight, and get paid |
King | Doesn’t do much but is able to make things through different relationships |
Queen | Who they marry can create powerful alliances to improve their relationship; Make great vassals; Have political relationships |
Bishop | Church and King’s legitimacy; Settle influences |
Knights | Attack enemies from behind |
Rook | Fortress / Manor |
Pawns | Most numerous; Individually useless; Social mobility is rare to try to move up |
Fief | Land the lord give to a vassal in the Feudal System - Similar to currency; Real estate; Use land as wealth |
Manorialism | Economic system of the middle ages; Lord owns a manor - serfdom, freeman, etc. |
What is the goal of each manor? | Self-sufficiency through agriculture and farming -> Surplus -> Revitalization of towns -> No distance trade |
Social mobility in Manorialism | No social mobility but get enough land to survive means land security, safety for kids -> Trade opportunity for security; |
Serfs | Most peasants - A lord owns the right to their labor |
Freemans (Other kind of peasants) | Have some special demand who can leave freely (Blacksmith, tailors, millers, bakers, etc.) |
3 field crop rotation | 1 Land has wheat; 1 Land has rye; 1 Land is fallow |
Transhumance | Similar to Carruca; Moving livestock from one place to the other |
Moldboard Plow / Carruca | Replaces horses' ankles - Same plow in farming today; More soil |
Manor | Rural town; Self-sufficient community with surrounding farmland |
Hierarchy and Social Mobility in Feudal System | King > Barons / Dukes > Earls / Marquis > Knights > Small urban class > Commoners; No social mobility to move up - Very little; Every vassals is a noble and have a fief; Must trust people that you pay fief to; Higher up pay their vassals |
Chivalry | Code of Horsemen |
Loyalty to one's lord | Entire system is built of the assumption that people can make deals and trust them; Willing to make sacrifices / to fight |
Prowess | Skill in combat; Ability to fight - Exaggerated |
Spirituality | Expect knights to be protect religion; War can be sanctified by the religion |
Courtesy to Ladies | Upper class women; Women want what she wills - opportunity to make their own decisions |
Legitimacy | The right for someone to rule - Acknowledge this person but doesn’t have to agree; People accepting the government |
Hegemonic / Hegemony | Strength of a way of thinking to be so influential that people take it to their hearts and make it their own way of seeing things; People willing to see it their own way - Almost impossible to see it any other way |