Back to AI Flashcard MakerHistory /History - Medieval Europe Part 2
The Catholic Church
Highest importance; Provide religion unifying everyone; Most influential institution - Provide service for people (7 Sacraments); Provide every essential service people have - different roles and services; Unifying concept
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
The Catholic Church
Highest importance; Provide religion unifying everyone; Most influential institution - Provide service for people (7 Sacraments); Provide every essent...
Pope
Head of Catholic Church; Prevent Catholic government and Monarch to get caesaropapism; Also a bishop; Successor to Peter
Who chose the Pope?
The Cardinals / College of Cardinals - Most senior members of the clergy who were mostly bishops
Clergy
A group of people who are determined by God for religious duties
Priests (Bishop can do all 7)
Religious leader performing the 7 Sacraments; Lowest priest can still perform most of the sacraments
7 Sacraments
Every major turning points of life the local priest is guiding them; Gaining trust and making them influential; Among best educated people - Marriage;...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
The Catholic Church | Highest importance; Provide religion unifying everyone; Most influential institution - Provide service for people (7 Sacraments); Provide every essential service people have - different roles and services; Unifying concept |
Pope | Head of Catholic Church; Prevent Catholic government and Monarch to get caesaropapism; Also a bishop; Successor to Peter |
Who chose the Pope? | The Cardinals / College of Cardinals - Most senior members of the clergy who were mostly bishops |
Clergy | A group of people who are determined by God for religious duties |
Priests (Bishop can do all 7) | Religious leader performing the 7 Sacraments; Lowest priest can still perform most of the sacraments |
7 Sacraments | Every major turning points of life the local priest is guiding them; Gaining trust and making them influential; Among best educated people - Marriage; Communion; Baptism; Last rites / Anointing the Sick; Penance; Confirmation; Holy Orders |
St.Augustine | Merge Christianity with Plato (greek philosophy) and established its core ideas; 2 Worlds (Physical and internal); Philosopher, writer, missionary - Sees the fall of Rome -> Physical word doesn't matter but people should worry about the world in the next life; Always be a good person |
Monks | Different from priests; Seclude themselves with groups following rules; Importance: Preserve all books / Bibles -> store them -> Europe becomes more literate and take advantage of books |
Friars | Great works of charities; Shelters for the poor; Hospitals |
Scholasticism | A Great Intellectual; About being able to be religious and still think for yourself |
St.Thomas Aquinas | Creates an argument with Catholic so that people can think for themselves - Think rationally for themselves; Writes text on God is real and declaring he can prove it; Take logic from Aristotle and come up with other questions -> Developing society that’s more free thinking |
Summa Theologica 1274 | Written by St.Thomas Aquinas; Describe relationship between God and man; Explain how man's reconciliation with the Divine is made possible at all through Christ |
Caesaropapism | When Monarch becomes too powerful and hijack religion -> Making people follow him rather than Pope; Having both political and religious power |
Emperor Henry IV (4th) | Excommunicated by Gregory VII; Went back on his word and stopped following Gregory |
Lay investiture | Monarchs attempting to take over Catholic Church by appointing their own archbishops / close supporters as Bishops of the Church; Bishops supervises the Pope |
Pope Gregory VII (7th) | Uses excommunication to stop lay investiture; Because the Bishops are supervising the Priests, Gregory uses excommunication on the Monarch |
Excommunication | Excluding someone from the community; That person can't use any of the Sacraments; Won't be given Penance = Damnation / Condemned to go to hell |
Pope Innocent III | Places all England into interdict because of King John; No one had any sacraments; Use interdict to collect tithe; 3rd Crusades |
King John | Begs for his forgiveness; Becomes vassal to Innocent III; Owns his loyalty to the Pope; Has to offer military assistance; Receive England back as papal tithe |
Interdict | Mass excommunication in an entire region |
Tithes | Lay people contribute 1/10th of their income for religious purposes |
Lay people | Anyone who is not a bishop or a nun |
Crusades | Holy War |
Pope Urban II | Pope who calls the 1st Crusade |
Reasons for Urban II for calling the Crusades | Help Byzantines because the Byzantine empire was falling to the Turks who converted to Islam; Pope is concern because he’d rather have Orthodox Christians than Turkish invaders as neighbors; Stop Byzantine empire from falling by attacking the Holy Land - Byzantine emperor ask for help; Ship knights away -> Peace |
When is the 1st Crusade called? | 1096 |
What caused the fall of Medieval Europe? | Institutions that dominated comes to an end |
Institutions that dominated Medieval Europe | Manorialism, Feudalism, and the Catholic Church |
Casus belli | Justifies a war / Cause of war |
Head of church in Byzantine Empire | Patriarch of Constantinople |
The Great Schism | Argument on Icons; Eastern Orthodox and Western Catholic; Orthodox: Christianity should have no representation of God - Catholic: Western World needed icons because few people could read |
Ways that ended Manorialism | Black Death |
Ways that ended Feudalism | Manorialism; Middle class took down nobles because monarchs wanted more land back |
Ways that ended the Catholic Church | Crusades |
Extreme unction | Last rites |
100 Year War | Joan of Arc; Between French and England |
Joan of Arc | Women; French Patriarch Symbol; Prophet; Becomes a martyr |
Agincourt | English archers annihilate French knights |
Papacy | Rule / Authority of the Pope |
Papal Supremacy | Pope has universal power over the Church |