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History - Medieval Europe Part 2

History40 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers key concepts, events, and figures from Medieval Europe, focusing on the Catholic Church, the Crusades, and significant historical changes.

The Catholic Church

Highest importance; Provide religion unifying everyone; Most influential institution - Provide service for people (7 Sacraments); Provide every essential service people have - different roles and services; Unifying concept
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
The Catholic Church
Highest importance; Provide religion unifying everyone; Most influential institution - Provide service for people (7 Sacraments); Provide every essent...
Pope
Head of Catholic Church; Prevent Catholic government and Monarch to get caesaropapism; Also a bishop; Successor to Peter
Who chose the Pope?
The Cardinals / College of Cardinals - Most senior members of the clergy who were mostly bishops
Clergy
A group of people who are determined by God for religious duties
Priests (Bishop can do all 7)
Religious leader performing the 7 Sacraments; Lowest priest can still perform most of the sacraments
7 Sacraments
Every major turning points of life the local priest is guiding them; Gaining trust and making them influential; Among best educated people - Marriage;...

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TermDefinition
The Catholic Church
Highest importance; Provide religion unifying everyone; Most influential institution - Provide service for people (7 Sacraments); Provide every essential service people have - different roles and services; Unifying concept
Pope
Head of Catholic Church; Prevent Catholic government and Monarch to get caesaropapism; Also a bishop; Successor to Peter
Who chose the Pope?
The Cardinals / College of Cardinals - Most senior members of the clergy who were mostly bishops
Clergy
A group of people who are determined by God for religious duties
Priests (Bishop can do all 7)
Religious leader performing the 7 Sacraments; Lowest priest can still perform most of the sacraments
7 Sacraments
Every major turning points of life the local priest is guiding them; Gaining trust and making them influential; Among best educated people - Marriage; Communion; Baptism; Last rites / Anointing the Sick; Penance; Confirmation; Holy Orders
St.Augustine
Merge Christianity with Plato (greek philosophy) and established its core ideas; 2 Worlds (Physical and internal); Philosopher, writer, missionary - Sees the fall of Rome -> Physical word doesn't matter but people should worry about the world in the next life; Always be a good person
Monks
Different from priests; Seclude themselves with groups following rules; Importance: Preserve all books / Bibles -> store them -> Europe becomes more literate and take advantage of books
Friars
Great works of charities; Shelters for the poor; Hospitals
Scholasticism
A Great Intellectual; About being able to be religious and still think for yourself
St.Thomas Aquinas
Creates an argument with Catholic so that people can think for themselves - Think rationally for themselves; Writes text on God is real and declaring he can prove it; Take logic from Aristotle and come up with other questions -> Developing society that’s more free thinking
Summa Theologica 1274
Written by St.Thomas Aquinas; Describe relationship between God and man; Explain how man's reconciliation with the Divine is made possible at all through Christ
Caesaropapism
When Monarch becomes too powerful and hijack religion -> Making people follow him rather than Pope; Having both political and religious power
Emperor Henry IV (4th)
Excommunicated by Gregory VII; Went back on his word and stopped following Gregory
Lay investiture
Monarchs attempting to take over Catholic Church by appointing their own archbishops / close supporters as Bishops of the Church; Bishops supervises the Pope
Pope Gregory VII (7th)
Uses excommunication to stop lay investiture; Because the Bishops are supervising the Priests, Gregory uses excommunication on the Monarch
Excommunication
Excluding someone from the community; That person can't use any of the Sacraments; Won't be given Penance = Damnation / Condemned to go to hell
Pope Innocent III
Places all England into interdict because of King John; No one had any sacraments; Use interdict to collect tithe; 3rd Crusades
King John
Begs for his forgiveness; Becomes vassal to Innocent III; Owns his loyalty to the Pope; Has to offer military assistance; Receive England back as papal tithe
Interdict
Mass excommunication in an entire region
Tithes
Lay people contribute 1/10th of their income for religious purposes
Lay people
Anyone who is not a bishop or a nun
Crusades
Holy War
Pope Urban II
Pope who calls the 1st Crusade
Reasons for Urban II for calling the Crusades
Help Byzantines because the Byzantine empire was falling to the Turks who converted to Islam; Pope is concern because he’d rather have Orthodox Christians than Turkish invaders as neighbors; Stop Byzantine empire from falling by attacking the Holy Land - Byzantine emperor ask for help; Ship knights away -> Peace
When is the 1st Crusade called?
1096
What caused the fall of Medieval Europe?
Institutions that dominated comes to an end
Institutions that dominated Medieval Europe
Manorialism, Feudalism, and the Catholic Church
Casus belli
Justifies a war / Cause of war
Head of church in Byzantine Empire
Patriarch of Constantinople
The Great Schism
Argument on Icons; Eastern Orthodox and Western Catholic; Orthodox: Christianity should have no representation of God - Catholic: Western World needed icons because few people could read
Ways that ended Manorialism
Black Death
Ways that ended Feudalism
Manorialism; Middle class took down nobles because monarchs wanted more land back
Ways that ended the Catholic Church
Crusades
Extreme unction
Last rites
100 Year War
Joan of Arc; Between French and England
Joan of Arc
Women; French Patriarch Symbol; Prophet; Becomes a martyr
Agincourt
English archers annihilate French knights
Papacy
Rule / Authority of the Pope
Papal Supremacy
Pope has universal power over the Church