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History - Renaissance

History35 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers key concepts, figures, and artistic movements of the Renaissance, focusing on art styles, influential artists, and the cultural shift towards humanism.

Subject Matter

What the painting represent; Judeo-Christian; Classical; Everyday Life
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Subject Matter
What the painting represent; Judeo-Christian; Classical; Everyday Life
Judeo-Christian
Religious Art; Catholic Church was the greatest sponsor of art in the Middle Ages; Pride of being a part of a religion rather than in power; Madonna; ...
Madonna
Mary and baby Jesus; Judeo-Christian
Pieta
Mary and dead Jesus; Judeo-Christian
Classical
Greek / Roman Gods; Julius Caesar, Zeus, etc; Great revival of Greco-Roman mythology, history, philosophy
Everyday Life
Self - Portraits of ordinary people; Northern Renaissance: Ordinary humans doing ordinary things; Village life

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TermDefinition
Subject Matter
What the painting represent; Judeo-Christian; Classical; Everyday Life
Judeo-Christian
Religious Art; Catholic Church was the greatest sponsor of art in the Middle Ages; Pride of being a part of a religion rather than in power; Madonna; Pieta
Madonna
Mary and baby Jesus; Judeo-Christian
Pieta
Mary and dead Jesus; Judeo-Christian
Classical
Greek / Roman Gods; Julius Caesar, Zeus, etc; Great revival of Greco-Roman mythology, history, philosophy
Everyday Life
Self - Portraits of ordinary people; Northern Renaissance: Ordinary humans doing ordinary things; Village life
Style
How the art looks; Realism; Idealism; Mannerism
Realism
Making things looks real as if they exist in real life
Idealism
Making things as perfect as it could be; Making things look far superior than it actually looks in real life; Inner beauty / calmness; God as people
Mannerism
Sense of drama; Doesn’t look like anything; Form, color, and shape are a mess; Exaggerated proportions - Unusual; Artists can demonstrate tension and go rogue
Technique
What trick artists use to create illusion; Single Point Perspective; Chiaroscuro; Sfumato
Single point Perspective
Vanishing point - everything goes into 1 point; Size
Chiaroscuro
Shading; Shading to get illusion of depth (light and dark); Suggest location of the sun
Sfumato
(Distant) smokiness / haziness; Mastered by Leonardo da Vinci (copied by everyone else); Focus on other parts
Petrach
Founder of Humanism; Most famous Poet until S; Humanized thought; Civic activist; Wrote love / romantic poems; Inspiration from Greeks and Romans; Pursuit of Knowledge / Rationalism; Thinker of knowledge; Improving societies, education, government, and quality of life; Promoted education for everyone (study of literature and classics)
Erasmus of Rotterdam
Leading Christian humanist; 1st person to criticize the Catholic Church / religious texts; Freeing people from the tyranny of the dominance in the Church; Wrote “In Praise of Folly” - Questioning the logic of the Catholic Church
Castiglione
The Courtier; Ideal man of noble birth, serves and brings honor to the prince; Guide / Handbook on Manners on Secularism; How to fit in with the wealthy and well educated; Promotes education and proper behavior; Most famous book of the Renaissance
Chaucer
Father of English; Individualism; The Canterbury Tales - Group of Pilgrims; Written in Vernacular
Vernacular
The common language of the people
Dante
Father of Italy; The Divine Comedy; Starts Vernacular; Afterlife: Hell, Heaven, Purgatory (in-between / Heaven’s waiting room); Individualism - main protag / hero
Machiavelli
Creator of political science; The Prince; Successful rulers are successful bc they understand human nature and God has nothing to do with it; Leaders need to do whatever they can to ensure the security and happiness of their people; “The end justifies the means”; Leaders need to be feared but not hated
Lorenzo de Medici
Patron of art; Medici Bank cleared debts of many people and in return people owned them many favors; Uses art to legitimize his influence
Giotto
Most influential in transitional painting; Humanized paintings; Observed from life forming 3D world with human beings; Deep emotion; Express patrons of religions
Botticelli
Rejects ideas of being scientific and realistic; Classical + Judeo-Christian; Combination of Christian faith and ancient mythology; Figures are less human or material - Some are symbols; Classical subject of goddesses; Dreamy / Fantasy
Leonardo da Vinci
Perfect Hands; Groups of figures perfectly balanced in a given space (with architecture); Proportions in drawings; Deep psychological insight of human nature; Mystery of human existence; Last Supper; Mona Lisa
Michelangelo
Greatest Sculptor of the Renaissance; Depict God (1st time); Physical form isn’t what’s important, it's the spirit of a Christian; Influenced by greek, plato; Glorification of human body (male nude); Sistine Chapel; 1st Pieta; Buff David; Dome
Raphael
Master of perfect design and balance composition; Absorbed styles of Leo and Mich.; Humanistic - Humans are portrayed closer to God; Madonna; Downward eyes; School of Athens
Donatello
Free-standing statues based on human anatomy; 1st Bronze nude (boy David)
Sophonisba Angoissola
Female artist; Painted mostly in homes; Very well-drawn hands; Lots of details in clothing; Actions in paintings
Artemisia Gentileschi
Female artist; Physically powerful
Peter Bruegel
Everyday life in ordinary villages
Brunelleschi
1st dome(of St.Peters) built since Roman times; 1st time columns used since Ancient Rome
Massaccio
Fixed / completed perspective; Studied anatomical naturalism of the human flesh and bone; Model figures in light and shade (Chiaroscuro); 1st person to paint nude figures
Titian
1st artist to become rich; Women models; Religion - mythology; Portraits of upper class; Classical - Zeus seducing people
Northern Renaissance
Same ideas as in Italy; Scholars embraced classical literature and values, asked same questions; People turned from being superstitious to scientific; Men gained a new sense of self and ability; Escape from the dissatisfaction and skepticism in religious and political struggles of the Middle Ages; Art: Everyday Life Scenes