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Major Group
Spaniards
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Major Group
Spaniards
Social Hierarchy
Peninsulares at the top; Creoles; Mestizo
Women
Not a lot of women went to Mexico / Peru -> Spanish men married Indigenous women
Mestizo population
There were a lot of mestizos in New Spain because at the beginning, there were barely any Spanish women, so Spanish men married Indigenous women
Mestizo
People who are of European and Indigenous ancestry; 2nd class citizens in Spanish world; Formed new social identities in hierarchies
Isabel de Guavara
Wrote letter to Spanish Crown describing the strengths in women when men were weak
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Major Group | Spaniards |
Social Hierarchy | Peninsulares at the top; Creoles; Mestizo |
Women | Not a lot of women went to Mexico / Peru -> Spanish men married Indigenous women |
Mestizo population | There were a lot of mestizos in New Spain because at the beginning, there were barely any Spanish women, so Spanish men married Indigenous women |
Mestizo | People who are of European and Indigenous ancestry; 2nd class citizens in Spanish world; Formed new social identities in hierarchies |
Isabel de Guavara | Wrote letter to Spanish Crown describing the strengths in women when men were weak |
Spanish Women | Arrived after the warfare |
Ines Suarez | Most famous conquistadora; Cut of her enemies’ heads |
Religion | Spanish churchmen taught Catholic doctrine; Priest + Holder of encomienda = Only 2 representatives of Spanish authority; Conversion of kings united whole communities into the Church |
Economics | Gold -> Silver |
Silver Mining | Main economy of Spanish America; Silver mines in Mexico and Peru that attracted indigenous migrants; Dangerous but effective; Adopted indigenous techniques; High in the mountains |
Royal fifth | Tax on mining; Primary source of colonial revenue |
Viceroyalties | Area of colonial governems in New Spain and Peru |
Viceroys | People who were sent to government from Spain to rule inthe king’s name |
Settle Location | Cuba along with South America |
People that came to South America | Conquistadors came to South America because they wanted personal wealth for social mobility, glory / fame; Some explorers; Priests who tries to spread Christianity; Catholic Church influence in Spain |
Peninsulares | People who came to the New World from Spain / born in Spain |
Creoles | People bron in New Spain but ancestry was 100% Spanish |
Major Economic Systems | Silver mines; Farming |
Mining | Gold and silver mines and trade; Silver is valued more than gold; Economic split between mining - Silver; Huge concentration of people settling near the mines |
Farming | Hard to grow food in the mountains so settle low; Transportation network from farmers to the miners; Spanish create a far more rich economy than the Incas |
Farmers + Miners | Farmers supports miners |
Relationship with Indigenous | High degree of interaction between Spaniards; Opportunity for indigenous people to move up, especially through marriage Embrace christianity |
Social mobility | The bigger / greater the degree of indigenous ancestry, the lower a person is in the hierarchy - Opportunity for indigenous people to move up, especially through marriage / embrace christianity |
Conquistadors | Conquerors from Spain who came to Americas seeking riches, power, wealth, glory; Spanish Empire depended on the success of them - This was how they were able to establish legitamacy |