U.S. History: Gilded Age, Industrialization Part 1

the belief (theory) that it was the right of the United States to occupy all of America from Sea to Shining Sea!

The Census of 1890 announced the official end of the American Frontier (Frederick Jackson Turner)

this war between the states (CSA v. USA) promoted the growth of industrialism in the late 1800s (steel, railroads, communication, weapons, mass production of pre-made goods)

railroad baron, a true symbol of the "Gilded Age," known as the Commodore. A college in Tennessee bears his name.

owned U.S. Steel and used Vertical integration to monopolize the steel industry. Gave millions to build libraries and schools.

developed the air-braking system and alternating current - this allowed power to be sent over long distances.

the sleeping car made him a very wealthy man. 1894 Strike resulted in the death of 34 people.

he invented the telephone and was a pioneer in communication not only for the hearing, but for the deaf and hearing impaired as well.

the light bulb is his most famous invention, he also invented the phonograph, and the first motion pictures.

owner of Standard Oil, he used Horizontal Integration to control the oil business

developed the food processing industry (meat packing)

the belief that the strongest societies will survive. This idea was also used to justify monopolies and trusts. If a business is meant to survive - it will. Laissez - Faire: government should keep out of business limit regulations.

distillers conspired with political parties to cheat the U.S. Govt. out of millions of dollars of tax revenue. Citizens would demand reform within the government. Money was going to political parties instead of where it should go.

political machine that controlled politics in NYC in the late 1800s. Controlled by Boss William Marcy Tweed who was exposed by the political cartoons of Thomas Nast in Harpers Weekly. Nast is the father of the symbols of political parties, the modern image of Santa Claus.

he invented barbed wire and brought an end to the open range.

he invented the typewriter.

he made milk chocolate available to the world. A Pennsylvania city bears his name.

he invented the telegraph.

he was a wealthy banker - purchased Carnegie Steel and created U.S. Steel.

attempt to stop patronage and political scandal, required government employees to pass a Civil Service Exam

the first government attempt to regulate business. (1887) required railroads to charge fair rates and to publish those shipping rates.

political movement for the common people. The government should own the railroads. Bimetallism, workers should have an 8 hour workday and better benefits. William Jennings Bryan - Cross of Gold Speech

phrase coined by Mark Twain, describes time period between 1865-1900, extravagant wealth (top 5% held 86% of the nations wealth) terrible poverty existed underneath the surface.

an attempt by the US Government to Americanize the Native Americans. Divided reservations into small family sized plots of land.

people came to America to escape harsh conditions in their own countries. (Gold Rush, Religious Freedom, Jobs, Land)

protestants, lighter skin, lighter hair, lighter eyes, came to America from Western Europe - (Great Britain, Germany) in search of religious freedom.

immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, they did not speak English - primarily Catholic. Came for opportunity - jobs, land.

feelings of hostility for immigrants. It favored people or products that were American.

created the Hull House to help the inner-city poor. Provided health care, and education to those in need.

photographer who showed the harsh conditions in America's big cities during the Gilded Age. Published a book titled How the Other Half Lives.

We should spread the American culture to the less fortunate. It would provide more jobs, supply raw materials, and provide much needed navy bases. It would also open up new markets for businesses - a strong sense of nationalism.

(1898) Explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor, Battle of San Juan Hill - Teddy Roosevelt, the Philippines, Cuba, Yellow Fever, US support of Imperialism.

(18th Amendment) illegal to manufacture, distribute, or possess any type of alcoholic beverage (distilled spirits). The Noble Experiment. Opened the door for organized crime (Al Capone), bootleggers and smuggling.

President Teddy Roosevelt helped Panama gain independence from Columbia (created a revolution). The United States completed the job that France was unable to finish. This feat greatly increased the power of the Navy by linking the Atlantic and the Pacific. The distance of travel (New York to San Francisco) was shortened by several thousand miles. The United States would now control shipping in the Western Hemisphere.

William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer published sensational stories and used this form of journalism to promote the Spanish-American War.

idea that the United States should get involved in world affairs

idea that the United States should avoid involvement in world affairs. The quote from George Washington inspired this belief, "avoid foreign entanglements.

(19th Amendment) Women gained the right to vote with the passage in 1920. The Perfect 36, at the time of passage, the number of states was 48. 3/4ths of the states had to pass a proposed amendment before it would be added to the Constitution. Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify the 19th Amendment.

He was the youngest member of the Tennessee legislature from McMinn County. Carrie Chapman Catt visited his mother, who convinced him to vote in favor of the amendment. Harry Burn cast the tie breaking vote and women across America earned the right to vote. "Don't forget to be a good boy and Help Mrs. Catt with her rats!"

she was the National director of the Women's Suffrage Movement. She lobbied for the passage of the 19th Amendment from Tennessee.

he was the 34th governor of Tennessee - He was governor when the 19th Amendment was ratified. (Perfect 36) He called for a special session of the

phrase coined by Teddy Roosevelt. Reporters who discovered corruption within industry and government organizations. Laws were created and changed because of their work.

reporter who exposed illegal actions committed by the Standard Oil Company.

vegetarian activist who exposed the horrific conditions in the meat packing plants of Chicago. His book, The Jungle, aimed to hit America in the heart, but hit in the stomach instead. This book led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 and brought awareness to unsafe practices.

Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, Anarchy, Leadership. (Causes of...)

pilot who was the first to fly solo nonstop from NYC to Paris. His plane, the Spirit of St. Louis, now resides in the Smithsonian institute. The flight took 33 and 1⁄2 hours! He became a folk hero to America.

this became a centerpiece of the home in the 1920s. Shows like The Lone Ranger, The Shadow, Little Orphan Annie aired on this device. President FDR used this as a means of communicating with the American public in what became known as fireside chats.

overspeculation in the stock market, crop failures, drought, too much credit - buying on time, unemployment, bank failures, tariff barriers, uneven distribution of wealth - middle class very small

shantytowns made from scrap material, wood, metal, etc. Homeless people lived in these during the depression.

pockets turned inside out to protest the poor economy.

newspapers used to cover up with due to the poor economy.

veterans of the Great War (WW I) who marched on Washington D.C. to demand the bonus promised to them in 1945. In 1932 US troops attacked this group and drove them out of the capital.

many people traveled this famous highway to California during the Great Depression. Many were from Arkansas (Arkies) and Oklahoma (Okies). The spirit of this group was captured in the classic book The Grapes of Wrath. California was called "The big rock candy mountain or the land of milk and honey." The people were looking for hope.

poor farming practices and a severe drought led to horrible dust storms and left much of the Southern Great Plains in despair.

(1933 - 1936) FDR's plan to end the Great Depression. 3 major goals were what FDR called his 3 R's - Relief, Recovery and Reform. Many were put back to work, but the Depression was ended when America entered WW II.

created by President Roosevelt's Second New Deal. Provided a pension plan for retired citizens and those who were disabled.

this agency employed more people than any other. Workers built roads, bridges, schools, post offices and numerous other public buildings.

created by the New Deal to help with flood control, provide jobs, and cheap hydro electric power to a seven state area.

created by the New Deal to establish confidence in the nation's banks. The government would provide insurance for up to $5,000

young men from 18 to 25 were employed to build parks, playgrounds, clear trails, build dams, and plant trees. The site where Powell High School sits was a camp for this agency during the Great Depression.

she became the symbol of the working woman during World War II. Women were welders, machinists, fabricators, etc...

this (1935) act gave workers the right to join labor unions. A minimum wage was established, and the maximum hours that one could work.

in an attempt to restore trust in the nation's banks, FDR closed all banks for 4 days. Only those banks that were solvent were allowed to reopen. The closures of the banks coupled with the creation of the FDIC were attempts to stop runs on the banks.

The Axis powers during World War II. (remember they wanted to dance a JIG on the map of the world!)

Allied powers during World War II. (remember RUG) and France.

the secret project to build an atomic weapon.

Tennessee city created to help construct the first atomic weapons. Hanford, Washington and Los Alamos, New Mexico also played important roles in the project. This site in Tennessee was chosen for its seclusion and proximity to cheap hydroelectric power.

the two Japanese cities were destroyed on August 6, 1945 and August 9, 1945 by atomic bombs. The use of these weapons brought about the surrender of Japan.

this brought women into the workforce, America saw daycare for the first time ever, many people moved to urban areas in search of employment, African-Americans found work in factories.

One of the greatest pieces of legislation in American history, this gave veterans the opportunity to go to school, get job training and guaranteed home loans. It also provided loans to those starting a business.