U.S. History: Gilded Age, Industrialization Part 2

The Final Solution - 6 million European Jews and 5 million others would die in Concentration Camps. (Genocide)

per FDR this Executive Order would place more than 100,000 Japanese Americans into Internment camps. Korematsu v. the United States (1944) the Supreme Court agreed with FDR that American citizens should be protected from possible uprising. Finally, under President Reagan in the 80s the government would apologize and make payments to survivors.

Congressman from Tennessee, he became the Secretary of State under FDR and served in that position longer than anyone in American history. He is often called the "Father of the United Nations." He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945.

"Day of Infamy" December 7, 1941. Over 1,100 men died aboard the USS Arizona.

the turning point of the war in the Pacific, from this point forward the Japanese would be on the defensive.

Operation Torch - 1943, General Patton would lead the Americans to victory and eventually attack what Churchill called the "soft underbelly of Europe."

Operation Overlord - June 6, 1944 the greatest amphibious invasion in history to that point - A second front designed to liberate Europe would be opened.

May 8, 1945 would become known as...

August 14, 1945 would become known as... (the formal surrender of Japan would actually take place aboard the USS Missouri on September 2, 1945.

the United States policy designed to keep Communism from spreading after WW II.

belief that if one nation fell to Communism, so would those around it.

Karl Marx was the father of this type of government - ideally, it would create a classless society.

Southern Democrats who opposed desegregation (Brown v. Board of Education 1954). Strom Thurmond ran for President in 1948 as a member of this political party. Ironically, the symbol of the party was the Statue of Liberty!

(1950 - 1953) arguably the most brutal war America has ever been involved in - temperatures in excess of - 40◦ F. 54,000 Americans would lose their lives in what became known as "The Forgotten War." The USSR and China would aid North Korea. At the conclusion of fighting the country would remain divided at the 38th Parallel. The war has never officially ended. America still has troops there today. President Truman called this war "A Police Action."

this resolution was passed by Congress giving President Lyndon Johnson authority to escalate U.S. involvement in Vietnam after the USS Maddox and USS Turner Joy were said to have been fired on by North Vietnamese gun boats.

58,000 Americans would lose their lives in the first TV war. The United States wanted to prevent communism from spreading to South Vietnam. Although America inflicted extremely heavy casualties on the enemy, public opinion turned against the war. More bombs were dropped here than on Germany, Japan, and Korea combined.

Communist leader of Cuba who led a successful revolution in 1959. He declared Cuba would become a Communist state. (90 miles from Florida)

after WW II, this country was divided into West & East. The West would be democratic and the east would be communist. The city of Berlin would also be divided.

The plan to rebuild Europe after WW II to avoid the spread of communism. The U.S. spent billions in war torn countries. Secretary of State George Marshall felt that stronger countries could avoid falling to communism.

A United States plan to help Greece and Turkey avoid falling to communism. Within this doctrine, President Truman said America would aid any free people (country) fighting against communism.

The Soviet Union built a concrete wall around the Eastern communist controlled section of Berlin. The wall became the ultimate symbol of the Cold War. The purpose of the wall was to keep people from escaping to the Western (free) sector of Berlin.

United States C-54 cargo planes transported needed supplies into the city of Berlin after Stalin ordered the roadways and waterways into the city sealed off. (food, fuel, medicine, etc.)

Military alliance formed by the United States and allies to provide security in the event of an attack by the USSR.

Military alliance formed by the USSR with other communist countries from Eastern Europe.

Cuban exiles in the United States were trained by the CIA to overthrow Fidel Castro and his communist regime. President Kennedy's biggest failure - at the last moment JFK called back the air support and the mission failed. It was an embarrassment for the US.

Brinkmanship - (I called it nuclear chicken!) (1962) U2 spy planes took photographs of Soviet nuclear missiles being placed in Cuba. JFK authorized a naval blockade around Cuba and demanded the missiles be dismantled and removed. The USSR pledged to remove the missiles - the United States removed missiles from Turkey and promised not to invade Cuba.

Senator Joseph McCarthy (1950s) fear of Communism - he used fear to gain political power. His tactics destroyed many lives. President Truman announces a plan to investigate Federal Employees for connections to communism. Senator John F. Kennedy challenged McCarthy and his tactics.

the first artificial satellite was launched by the USSR on October 4, 1957. As a result the United States began to emphasize science and math in education. NASA was formed.

The plan to put a man into space (United States). John Glenn became the first American to orbit the earth.

The bold project to put a man on the moon proposed by JFK. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first men to walk on the moon. "One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."

he became the father of the suburbs when he transformed a New Jersey potato farm into the largest neighborhood in the United States. Used mass production techniques to build houses. (Levittown)

period of time after WW II until the early 1960s, millions of babies were born in the United States.

name for the popular form of music that teens were listening to in the 1950s.

Memphis studio where Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, and Jerry Lee Lewis
recorded.

famous Nashville radio station that aired The Grand Ole Opry.

birth place of country music many careers were started here. Minnie Pearl,
Buck Owens, Roy Clark, etc.

"the King of Rock n' Roll" appeared on the Ed Sullivan show in 1955. He recorded at Sun Records. Honorably served in the Army when he was drafted. Home in a former church (Graceland) located in Memphis, Tennessee.

"Tune in, Turn on, Drop Out," was a common phrase of this movement. Beatniks, Hippies, Flowerchildren. Became popular during the Vietnam War. Huge party at Woodstock, NY in the Summer of 1969.

(1896) Supreme Court decision that created the "separate but equal" doctrine. As a result many states across the South had "Jim Crow Laws." Separate water fountains, restrooms, entrances, segregated seating at movie theatres, etc. Most importantly, segregated schools.

(1954) Supreme Court decision overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. Supreme Court ruled that all public schools should be desegregated with all deliberate speed. "Separate can never be equal."

(1966) Supreme Court decision - a suspect must be made aware of his or her rights when arrested. "You have the right to remain silent, anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law..."

(1963) Supreme Court decision - ruled that every defendant in a criminal case must be provided an attorney if they cannot afford it.

(1973) Supreme Court decision that gave women the right to choose.

(1962) Supreme Court decision that made prayer led by school officials
illegal.

(1957) Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Nine African-American students became the first to attend. Ernest Green was the first to graduate. The 101st Airborne had to be sent in to escort the students to class.

(1962) he became the 1st African-American to attend Ole Miss. Air Force veteran.

the Montgomery Bus Boycott began in 1955 after she refused to give up her seat. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. became the leader of the boycott.

she was a leader of the sit-ins in Nashville, Tennessee and later worked for the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment.

(1964) This act ended legal segregation in all aspects of society. Senator Albert Gore, Sr. pushed for Civil Rights (Tennessee Senator who refused to sign the Southern Manifesto)

the federal government was given the power to force local officials to allow African-Americans the right to vote. (literacy tests, poll taxes and grandfather clauses were made illegal)

leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) believed in non-violent civil disobedience. Most famous speech, "I have a dream." James Earl Ray assassinated him in 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee.

He wrote a book -- By Any Means Necessary "You can't separate peace from freedom because no one can be at peace unless he has his freedom." Black Muslim leader who was assassinated by members of his own group. Believed differently than Dr. King believed in physical violence if necessary. (Nation of Islam)

Civil Rights leader who coined the phrase "Black Power." Leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and later the Black Panthers.

She wrote, "The Feminine Mystique." Feminist leader who believed women could make it in a man's world.

1st President to travel to China, 1st to travel to Russia, only President to resign from office.

Washington Post reporters who broke the Watergate story and brought down President Nixon.

Tennessee Senator who said, "What did the President know, and when did he know it?"

Texas Senator who headed up the Senate Committee investigating Watergate.

Group working for President Nixon to fix "leaks" coming out of the White House.

The Great Communicator (1981-1989) He led America to victory in the Cold War, oversaw the largest non-war military buildup in history. Believed in trickle down economics, tax breaks to business - economic growth. He reduced the size of government through Deregulation - Reaganomics. John Hinckley attempted to assassinate him in 1981.

founded Wal-Mart and Sam's Club. Bought in extremely large quantities and sold at low prices. (Discount Stores)

largest manufacturer of computers. "Dude, you're getting a..."

father of the Ford Mustang and the Chrysler Minivan! CEO of Chrysler. Saved Chrysler from collapse. He paid back the money Chrysler borrowed from the government. "If you can find a better car, buy it."

multi-millionaire who made his fortune in the real-estate business. Tried to copyright the phrase, "You're Fired!" Started the USFL a football league that played in the Spring. He fought the NCAA so that Jrs. Could come out of school to play professional football.

father of Microsoft, the wealthiest man in America.

computer industry giant who started Apple Computers, Macintosh, I-Phone, etc.

the father of McDonalds. He purchased the rights from the McDonald brothers and spread the restaurant world wide.

President Eisenhower brought this idea from Germany to the United States, originally it was designed for military purposes - quick evacuation of the cities in the event of a nuclear attack. This act transformed America.

Founder of Federal Express (FedEx) based in Memphis, Tennessee. This man earned a C on his college paper - the professor said he would never be able to challenge the Post Office. This man has that paper framed in his office today!

founded the largest online book seller in the world. Amazon.com