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US History Midterm Module 1: Westward Expansion Part 2
This deck covers key events and policies during the Westward Expansion in the United States, focusing on legislative acts, conflicts, and cultural impacts on Native Americans and other groups.
Passage of the Homestead Act in 1862, and completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869, opened the West to thousands of new settlers. Prior to these measures, most of the Americans who had struck out in covered wagons on the Oregon Trail were
White, native-born farmers of moderate wealth.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Passage of the Homestead Act in 1862, and completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869, opened the West to thousands of new settlers. Prior to these measures, most of the Americans who had struck out in covered wagons on the Oregon Trail were
White, native-born farmers of moderate wealth.
The U.S. Congress passed two legislative acts in 1862 which were intended to stimulate Westward settlement, due to fears that the North might lose the Civil War. Which of the following statements describes the provisions of the Homestead Act?
It allowed male citizens to claim federal lands in the West, make improvements, and gain title deeds.
The Dakota War led to new treaties in the late 1860s which were designed to prevent similar conflicts by putting distance between Native Americans and White settlers. Which of these measures relocated the Comanche people to present-day Oklahoma?
Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek
Both the Lakota Sioux and the 7th Cavalry troops were armed at Wounded Knee Creek, and both sides sustained casualties in the altercation which occurred on December 29, 1890. Originally called a battle, historians now refer to the events at Wounded Knee Creek as a “massacre” because
the cavalry troops killed a disproportionate number of Native men, women, and children.
Historians view the prolonged series of Chiricahua Apache raids in the Southwest, led by the famous Geronimo, as the closing chapter in the so-called “Indian Wars.” Which U.S. policy motivated Geronimo and other Native leaders to continue fighting rather than to accept terms of peace?
The confinement of Native Americans to reservations.
Tensions between White prospectors and Cheyenne in the Colorado Territory led to the Sand Creek Massacre in 1864, in which Colonel John Chivington led the mass slaughter of a group of Cheyenne who were on a peacemaking mission. How did the Sand Creek Massacre lead to the very outcome which the prospectors had feared?
The Cheyenne banded with other tribes and carried out raids throughout Colorado and Nebraska.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Passage of the Homestead Act in 1862, and completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869, opened the West to thousands of new settlers. Prior to these measures, most of the Americans who had struck out in covered wagons on the Oregon Trail were | White, native-born farmers of moderate wealth. |
The U.S. Congress passed two legislative acts in 1862 which were intended to stimulate Westward settlement, due to fears that the North might lose the Civil War. Which of the following statements describes the provisions of the Homestead Act? | It allowed male citizens to claim federal lands in the West, make improvements, and gain title deeds. |
The Dakota War led to new treaties in the late 1860s which were designed to prevent similar conflicts by putting distance between Native Americans and White settlers. Which of these measures relocated the Comanche people to present-day Oklahoma? | Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek |
Both the Lakota Sioux and the 7th Cavalry troops were armed at Wounded Knee Creek, and both sides sustained casualties in the altercation which occurred on December 29, 1890. Originally called a battle, historians now refer to the events at Wounded Knee Creek as a “massacre” because | the cavalry troops killed a disproportionate number of Native men, women, and children. |
Historians view the prolonged series of Chiricahua Apache raids in the Southwest, led by the famous Geronimo, as the closing chapter in the so-called “Indian Wars.” Which U.S. policy motivated Geronimo and other Native leaders to continue fighting rather than to accept terms of peace? | The confinement of Native Americans to reservations. |
Tensions between White prospectors and Cheyenne in the Colorado Territory led to the Sand Creek Massacre in 1864, in which Colonel John Chivington led the mass slaughter of a group of Cheyenne who were on a peacemaking mission. How did the Sand Creek Massacre lead to the very outcome which the prospectors had feared? | The Cheyenne banded with other tribes and carried out raids throughout Colorado and Nebraska. |
The Lakota Sioux adopted the Ghost Dance religion after South Dakota became a state in 1889. Which of the following statements describes the connection between the Ghost Dance and the massacre at Wounded Knee Creek one year later? | Federal agents feared the Ghost Dance and tried to arrest Sioux leaders, causing many Sioux to flee further West. |
Lt. Col. George Custer, who became famous as an Indian fighter before the Battle of Little Bighorn, allegedly boasted, “There are not enough Indians in the world to defeat the Seventh Cavalry.” What was the main reason for his surprise defeat at Little Bighorn in 1876? | The 7th Cavalry was outnumbered by thousands of Sioux warriors |
The Second Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868 moved the Sioux people to the Black Hills of the Dakota Territory, away from White settlements. Why did the U.S. government rescind the terms of the treaty and force the Sioux to relocate again in 1876? | White settlers were moving into the Black Hills after gold was discovered there. |
President Grant issued an edict in 1875 which provided legal justification for military action against the Lakota Sioux, including the action which resulted in the Battle of Little Bighorn. What did Grant’s edict say? | Sioux people who did not return to their reservation would be considered hostile. |
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the terms of the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1851? | Several Great Plains tribes agreed to tribal borders in exchange for federal annuities. |
The Dakota War officially ended when U.S. troops defeated Sioux warriors in the Battle of Wood Lake in September 1862, taking more than 2,000 Dakota people prisoner. As a result of the armed rebellion, Minnesota settlers and government officials called for | the relocation of the Dakota people to lands further West. |
In his celebrated book Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee (1970), Dee Brown tried to tell the story of Westward expansion from the perspective of displaced Native Americans. The Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 served as the climax for Brown’s narrative because it marked what historical turning point? | The end of sustained, armed Native American resistance to White expansion. |
Which of the following statements describes the role of Sitting Bull in the Battle of Little Bighorn? | Sitting Bull assembled the warriors who defeated Custer. |
Hispanic Americans, like Native Americans, suffered land loss and displacement during the era of Westward expansion. Chinese immigrants were also displaced from their homes during the “Driving-Out Era.” In addition to displacement, what was another way in which White expansion affected both groups? | loss of cultural heritage |