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US History: Roaring 20's and Great Depression Part 2
This deck covers key figures, events, and concepts from the Roaring 20's and the Great Depression, including influential people, cultural movements, economic factors, and government responses.
the greatest engineer of the time; his Model T made autos affordable!; created the "assembly line" (faster)
Henry Ford
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
the greatest engineer of the time; his Model T made autos affordable!; created the "assembly line" (faster)
Henry Ford
auto capitol of the world
Detroit
new musical styles created during the roaring 20's - Harlem NY city
jazz and blues
famous jazz composer and trumpeter, respectively
George Gershwin and Louis Armstrong
most famous jazz club in Harlem
Cotton Club
dances popular during the Dance Craze
the "Charleston", the "Shimmy" and the "Flea Hop"
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
the greatest engineer of the time; his Model T made autos affordable!; created the "assembly line" (faster) | Henry Ford |
auto capitol of the world | Detroit |
new musical styles created during the roaring 20's - Harlem NY city | jazz and blues |
famous jazz composer and trumpeter, respectively | George Gershwin and Louis Armstrong |
most famous jazz club in Harlem | Cotton Club |
dances popular during the Dance Craze | the "Charleston", the "Shimmy" and the "Flea Hop" |
the "new Negro Movement"; celebration of African American culture; began to create their own music, lit, and art | the Harlem Renaissance |
capitol of black America | Harlem |
famous people of the Harlem Ren. | 1) Lanston Hughes (poet); 2) Duke Ellington; 3) Louis Armstrong (musician) |
why and how was religion questioned during this time? | it was challenged by Charles Darwin; Evolution Theory challenged God and creation |
what began evolution being taught in public schools; which ultimately led to "Modern Science" | the Scopes Monkey Trial |
violent group of white supremacists; anti - black, Jewish, Catholic + immigration organization; peaked in the 1920's (3-4 mil members) | the Ku Klux Klan ("invisible empire") |
leader and symbol of the KKK | leader - Supreme Grand Wizard; symbol - flaming cross |
who ushered in the Age of Aviation; 1st solo transatlantic flight (NYC to Paris); known as "Lucky Lindy"; national hero | Charles Lindburgh |
early African American activists | 1) Marcus Garvey - "Back to Africa" movement; controversial; said that it was hopeless to integrate into America and encouraged African Americans to return to their roots 2) W.E.B Du Bois; co-founder of the NAAPC (National Asso. for the Advancement of Colored People) |
Marcus Garvey established what organization and religion? | the Universal Negro Improvement Asso.; Rastafarion |
"lost generation" of writers out of WWI | 1) Ernest Hemingway - "A Farewell to Arms", "To Whom the Bell Tolls" 2) F. Scott Fitzgerald - "The Great Gatsby" (exposes that money does not buy happiness) |
why was the Roaring Twenties not actually real? | buying things on credit gave the illusion that everyone was prosperous |
causes of the Great Depression | 1) unequal distribution of wealth 2) overproduction in industry 3) high tariffs ( USA charged high taxes on trade goods so other countries retaliated and worldwide trade stopped) 4) easy credit - banks were giving too much credit so people were spending money they didn't have and borrowing money to invest ("buying on the margin") 5) Stock Market Crash ("Black Tuesday") - Oct. 9, 1929. a year later, people found out abt the crash and started a "run on the bank" (took all their money out). this led to most banks collapsing. bc they had no insurance, ppl lost their life savings overnight |
towns that sprang up during the GD, unemployed people | Shanty Towns ("Hoovervilles") |
who was the president at the beginning of the GD and what did he do to comabat the depression? | Herbert Hoover; did very little to combat the depression (thought it would run its course and be over) |
the 17,000 soldiers from WWI who were promised a bonus from the gov. for their service; they wanted their money now so they marched on Washington and demanded it; violence broke out and Hoover called the Army to bring it down | Bonus Army |
who won the election of 1932? | Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) |
what did FDR do abt the GD? | faced it head on 1) Emergency Bank Act (National Bank Holiday closed the banks for 5 days. meant to stabilize the banks again) 2) started the FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) that protected people's money in the banking system. |
where Roosevelt talked to the people over the radio; method of communication he used to explain his programs to combat the GD | FDR's Fireside Chats |
FDR's group of leading scholars/businessme; his Cabinet (advisors) | the Brain Trust |
set of federal economic programs to get US out of the Depression; centered on the 3 R's (Relief: temporary help, Recovery: help the economy bounce back, Reform: targeted the causes and ways to prevent it) | New Deal |
major programs under the New Deal | 1) Public Works Program - gave jobs to people building highways, parks, bridges, schools, dams, etc. 2) Federal Emergency Relief - gave small amounts of money to people until they could get a job 3) Federal assistance to farmers, businesses, and banks 4) Social Security - set aside money from people's paychecks for retirement |
did the programs under the New Deal work? | they slowed down the Depression but did not stop it |
worst drought in American history ; around the Great Plains (Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, etc.); 2.5 million farmers lost their land and homes | the Dust Bowl |
people who migrated from the Great Plains to California to get away from the Dust Bowl | "okies" |
migratory workers or homeless vagabonds who looked around for jobs; "riding the rails" | hobos |
when did the Great Depression end and why? | the Great Depression ended when the USA entered WWII (1941); men went off to war and the women entered the factories making war materials; unemployment went down completely and factories boomed! |