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A History of Western Music Ninth Edition Test Bank

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    CHAPTER 1: Music in Antiquity MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The earliest surviving musical instruments were made from a. bone d. stone b. clay e. wood c. metal ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 5 TOP: The Earliest Music MSC: Factual 2. All of the following types of evidence about musical culture from ancient civilizations survive today except a. musical instruments d. visual images of music - making b. notated music e. writings about music c. recorded sound ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 5 TOP: Music in Antiquity MSC: Factual 3. Historians mark the end of the prehistoric era at the time when people a. created the first cave paintings d. learned how to carve stone b. invented printing e. learned how to work with metal c. invented writing ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 5 TOP: The Earliest Music MSC: Factual 4. The origins of Western music can be traced to civilizations from a. Arabia d. Greece and Turkey b. China and India e. Iraq and Syria c. Egypt and Israel ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: 6 TOP: Music in Ancient Mesopotamia| Other Civilizations MSC: Conceptual 5. Why, throughout history, do scholars know more about the music - making activities of elite members of any given society than of others in that society? a. the elite suppressed information about music - making in lower socioeconomic groups b. music - making activities of the elite are probably representative of the society as a whole c. only the elite could afford to pay composers to write music and artisans to make instruments d. people of lower social status did not make music e. the music of lower socioeconomic groups is not interesting ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 7 TOP: Music in Ancient Mesopotamia MSC: Conceptual 6. All of the following instruments existed in ancient Mesopotamia except a. harps d. percussion instruments b. bowed instruments e. pipes c. lyres

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    ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 7 TOP: Music in Ancient Mesopotamia MSC: Factual 7. The instrument shown in this image was used in which region? a. Arabia d. Greece b. Babylonia e. the Roman Empire c. Egypt ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 6 – 7 TOP: The Earliest Music MSC: Applied 8. _________ is a type of music found in ancient Mesopotamia, but no longer used in Western cultures today. a. dance music d. music to accompany epic poetry b. the funeral lament e. the nursery song c. military music ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 7 TOP: Music in Ancient Mesopotamia MSC: Factual 9. Enheduanna, the first composer known by name, was an Akkadian a. king d. queen b. priest e. servant c. priestess ANS: C DIF: Hard REF: 7 TOP: Music in Ancient Mesopotamia MSC: Factual 10. The earliest surviving complete piece of music is written on a. a clay tablet d. paper b. papyrus e. a stone tablet

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    c. parchment ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 8 TOP: Music in Ancient Mesopotamia MSC: Factual 11. In ancient Greek mythology, the lyre was associated with a. Apollo d. Homer b. Aristotle e. Plato c. Dionysus ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 9 – 10 TOP: Music in Ancient Greek Life and Thought | Instruments and Their Uses MSC: Factual 12. Scholars think that memory and improvisation played an important role in Greek music - making because a. ancient Greek writings explain techniques for playing by ear b. ancient Greek writings praise musicians for their excellent memories c. images of music - making from ancient Greece rarely show performers reading music d. no musical notation from ancient Greece survives e. the musical notation from ancient Greece provides chord progressions on which to improvise ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 10 TOP: Music in Ancient Greek Life and Thought | Instruments and Their Uses MSC: Conceptual 13. In this image a woman is playing the a. aulos d. lyre b. bone flute e. panpipes c. kithara ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 9 | 11 TOP: Music in Ancient Greek Life and Thought | Instruments and Their Uses MSC: Applied 14. The ancient Greek civilization lasted for approximately how many years? a. 300 d. 1,500

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    b. 500 e. 2,000 c. 1,000 ANS: C DIF: Hard REF: 9 (timeline)| 10 (map and caption)| 17 TOP: Music in Ancient Greek Life and Thought MSC: Factual 15. All of the following wrote about Greek music except a. Aristides Quintilianus d. Plato b. Aristotle e. Pythagoras c. Orpheus ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 11 – 13 TOP: Greek Musical Thought| Ancient Rome MSC: Factual 16. ________ discovered the relationship between consonant intervals and mathematical ratios. a. Aristotle d. Ptolmey b. Aristoxenus e. Pythagoras c. Plato ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: 13 TOP: Greek Musical Thought MSC: Factual 17. Plato asserted that music was an essential component of education because a. music and poetry are inseparable b. music is enjoyable to listen to c. musicians were valued in society d. studying music helps to balance mental and physical activity e. studying music helps to understand mathematics ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 13 – 14 TOP: Music and Ethos MSC: Conceptual 18. According to Aristotle, different kinds of melodies could cause the listener to experience a. emotions d. physical health b. hallucinations e. religious epiphanies c. philosophical thoughts ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 14 TOP: Music and Ethos MSC: Conceptual 19. Who is likely to have written this: “It is . . . plain that music has the power of producing certain effect on the ethos of the soul, and if it has the power to do this, it is clear that the young must be directed to music and must be educated in it.” a. Aristides Quintilianus d. Homer b. Aristotle e. Pythagoras c. Aristoxenus ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 14 TOP: Music and Ethos | Arisotle on the Doctrine of Imitation, Ethos, and Music in Education MSC: Applied 20. According to Aristoxenus, rhythm in music closely aligns with a. astronomical movements d. mythology b. the doctrine of imitation e. poetry c. the Greater Perfect System

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    ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 15 TOP: Greek Music Theory MSC: Conceptual 21. In Greek musical theory, the various tonoi were associated with different a. dynamics d. regional styles b. emotional states e. rhythmic patterns c. instrument groupings ANS: B DIF: Hard REF: 17 TOP: Greek Music Theory MSC: Conceptual 22. The names assigned to ancient Greek modes (Ionian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian, and Locrian) were derived from a. ethnic names originally associated with styles of music practiced in different regions of Greece b. the Greek names of the pitches on which each scale began c. the Greek names of the planets d. the Greek words for the emotional states evoked by each scale e. revered Greek theorists, writers, and philosophers ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 17 TOP: Greek Music Theory MSC: Factual 23. The Epitaph of Seikilos is a musical composition from a. ancient Babylon d. ancient Rome b. the Bronze Age e. the Stone Age c. ancient Greece ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 18 TOP: Ancient Greek Music MSC: Factual 24. The fragmentary ode from Euripides’ Orestes exhibits all of the following musical qualities except a. the employment of instruments to support vocal music b. the idea that music imitates ethos c. the importance of poetic rhythm and structure in shaping the melody d. the use of diatonic, chromatic, and enharmonic genera e. the use of virtuosic improvisation ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: 19 TOP: Ancient Greek Music MSC: Applied 25. The tibia, tuba, cornu, and buccina are instruments from a. ancient Babylon d. ancient Mesopotamia b. ancient Egypt e. ancient Rome c. ancient Greece ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: 19 – 20 TOP: Music in Ancient Rome MSC: Factual TRUE/FALSE 1. The cultures of Europe and America have their roots in the Near East and Greece. ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: 4 TOP: Music in Antiquity MSC: Factual

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    2. There is no surviving evidence of music - making before the Bronze Age (ca. 4000 B.C.E. ). ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: 5 TOP: The Earliest Music MSC: Factual 3. Ancient Babylonians developed a system of musical notation. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: 8 TOP: Music in Ancient Mesopotamia MSC: Factual 4. Scholars believe that the ancient Greek musical system of modes, and thus the European musical system, was influenced by the Babylonian system. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: 8 TOP: Music in Ancient Mesopotamia MSC: Factual 5. In ancient Greece, instruments were used only to accompany the voice. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: 12 TOP: In Performance | Competitions and Professional Musicians MSC: Applied 6. The Greater Perfect System was a scale based on the concept of an absolute fixed pitch. ANS: F DIF: Hard REF: 16 TOP: Greek Music Theory MSC: Conceptual 7. Ancient Greek musical notation indicates pitches and durations. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: 18 TOP: Ancient Greek Music MSC: Factual 8. Surviving examples of Greek music show a close correlation between theory and practice. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: 19 TOP: Ancient Greek Music MSC: Conceptual 9. Music was used in ancient Roman religious, state, and military ceremonies. ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: 19 – 20 TOP: Music in Ancient Rome MSC: Factual 10. There is much evidence that ancient Roman musical culture influenced Western European musical culture. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: 20 TOP: Music in Ancient Rome MSC: Applied SHORT ANSWER 1. Describe where ancient Mesopotamia was located, relative to today’s political boundaries.

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    ANS: Ancient Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the regions occupied by modern - day Syria and Iraq. DIF: Medium REF: 6 TOP: Music in Ancient Mesopotamia MSC: Applied 2. Does notated music from ancient Egypt survive? Explain. ANS: Possibly. Some scholars think that Egyptian hieroglyphics, wall paintings, and Bibles may contain musical indications. But even if they do, their meanings are unclear. DIF: Hard REF: 8 TOP: Other Civilizations MSC: Conceptual 3. What is a kithara? ANS: A kithara is a large lyre that was used in ancient Greek processions and sacred ceremonies. DIF: Medium REF: 10 TOP: Instruments and Their Uses MSC: Applied 4. Define “perfect melos.” ANS: Perfect melos was an ancient Greek practice in which melody, text, and stylized dance were conceived as a whole. DIF: Medium REF: 12 TOP: Greek Musical Thought | Music, Poetry, and Dance MSC: Factual 5. The concept in Greek philosophy that the universe is an orderly, unified system integrating everything from mathematical proportions, astronomy, philosophy, and social structures to a person’s soul is called ANS: harmonia DIF: Medium REF: 13 TOP: Greek Musical Thought MSC: Conceptual 6. The ancient Greek notion that unheard music was produced by the revolutions of the planets is known as ANS: the harmony of the spheres DIF: Medium REF: 13 TOP: Greek Musical Thought MSC: Factual 7. In Greek thought, the idea of one's ethical character or way of behaving was called

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    ANS: ethos DIF: Easy REF: 13 TOP: Music and Ethos MSC: Factual 8. Diatonic, chromatic, and enharmonic are types of ANS: tetrachords DIF: Easy REF: 15 TOP: Greek Music Theory MSC: Applied 9. In 1969 the British band The Who created a rock opera called Tommy , an album of rock and roll songs produced in a recording studio that tells a story about a visually - , hearing - , and speech - impaired youth who excels at pinball despite his disabilities. The songs on the album are sung by the different vocalists, each representing a character in the story. Eventually the album was turned into a film, a live theater work, and a ballet. Would Plato have approved of this fusion of classical and popular idioms and adaptations to different mediums? Why or why not? ANS: No. Plato did not approve of the mixing of genres and instruments and thought that musical conventions should not be changed. This reflected a well - ordered society. Opera is a classical genre and rock is a popular genre, so Plato would not have approved of a “rock opera.” Breaking conventions, such as turning a film into a live theater work, could lead to anarchy. OR Yes. “Perfect melos” is when melody, text, and stylized dance are conceived as a whole. Any opera, whether “classical” or “rock,” is conceived as whole (music, text, dance, staging, costumes, etc.). One can argue that opera is an extension of perfect melos. DIF: Hard REF: 12 | 13 – 14 TOP: Greek Musical Thought| Music and Ethos MSC: Applied 10. The two - octave span of available musical pitches in the Greek theoretical system is called ANS: The Greater Perfect System DIF: Medium REF: 16 TOP: Greek Music Theory MSC: Factual MATCHING Match each term to the correct definition below. a. genus d. species b. interval e. tetrachord c. scale 1. the arrangement of tones and semitones within an interval of a fourth, fifth, or octave 2. the distance between two notes of different pitches 3. one of three arrangements of notes within a span of a perfect fourth

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    4. a series of four notes spanning a perfect fourth 5. a series of three or more different pitches in ascending or descending order 1. ANS: D 2. ANS: B 3. ANS: A 4. ANS: E 5. ANS: C Match each author to the correct title below. a. Anonymous d. Cleonides b. Aristotle e. Plato c. Aristoxenus 6. Epitaph of Seikilos 7. Harmonic Introduction 8. Poetics and Politics 9. Republic and Timaeus 10. Rhythmic Elements and Harmonic Elements 6. ANS: A 7. ANS: D 8. ANS: B 9. ANS: E 10. ANS: C ESSAY 1. Discuss how theories and practices of music - making in ancient Greece are similar to those still in use today. ANS: Answers will vary. 2. What did the Ancient Greeks believe about music’s relation to the behavior of the individual, the functioning of a well - ordered society, and the motions of the planets? ANS: Answers will vary.

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    CHAPTER 2: The Christian Church in the First Millenium MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire in the year a. 70 C.E. d. 395 C.E. b. 313 C.E. e. 476 C.E. c. 392 C.E. ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 23 TOP: The Diffusion of Christianity MSC: Factual 2. The main practice shared by early Judaism and early Christianity was a. the chanting of psalms d. sacrificing a lamb b. dancing e. the singing of hymns c. living in monasteries ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 23 – 24 TOP: The Judaic Heritage MSC: Applied 3. The Judaic system of chanting sacred texts according to a system of melodic formulas matching phrase divisions is called a. cantillation d. reciting tone b. echoi e. tonoi c. psalmody ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 24 TOP: The Judaic Heritage MSC: Factual 4. The focal point of the Christian Mass is a symbolic reenactment of a. the birth of Christ d. the Last Supper b. the choir of Levites singing psalms e. the ritual sacrifice of a lamb c. the crucifixion of Christ ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 24 TOP: The Judaic Heritage MSC: Factual 5. The group of influential Christian writers known as the Church Fathers includes all of the following except a. St. Augustine d. St. John Chrysostom b. St. Basil e. St. Paul c. St. Jerome ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: 25 TOP: Music in the Early Church MSC: Factual 6. The Church Fathers advocated the singing of psalms because a. it distanced Christian worship from pagan rituals b. it made it easier to remember the words c. it provoked devout thoughts and ideas of divine beauty d. it reminded worshippers of Jesus of Nazareth’s Jewish heritage e. it was enjoyable and gave pleasure ANS: C DIF: Hard REF: 25 TOP: Music in the Early Church

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    MSC: Applied 7. When did the Roman Empire split into the Eastern (Byzantine) Empire, centered in Constantinople, and the Western Empire, centered in Rome and Milan? a. 70 C.E. d. 395 C.E. b. 313 C.E. e. 476 C.E. c. 392 C.E. ANS: D DIF: Hard REF: 25 TOP: Divisions of the Church and Dialects of Chant MSC: Factual 8. Who is likely to have written this: “When the Holy Spirit saw that mankind was i ll - inclined toward virtue and that we were heedless of the righteous life because of our inclination to pleasure, what did he do? He blended the delight of melody with doctrine on order that through the pleasantness and softness of sound we might unawares receive what was useful in the words. . . . For this purpose these harmonious melodies of the Psalms have been designed for us.” a. St. Ambrose d. St. Gregory b. St. Basil e. St. Peter c. St. Benedict ANS: B DIF: Hard REF: 26 TOP: Music in the Early Church | St. Basil on Psalms MSC: Applied 9. The schedule of days commemorating special events in the lives of Christ and the saints or times of year is called the a. Christian Rite d. Mass b. church calendar e. service c. liturgy ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 27 TOP: Divisions of the Church and Dialects of Chant MSC: Applied 10. Byzantine chant spread from the Eastern Empire to a. France d. Russia b. Germany e. Spain c. Italy ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 28 TOP: Byzantine Chant MSC: Factual 11. The Frankish kings Pippin the Short and Charlemagne (Charles the Great) reigned a. ca. 675 – ca. 750 d. ca. 875 – ca. 950 b. ca. 750 – ca. 815 e. ca. 950 – 1025 c. ca. 815 – ca. 875 ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 29 TOP: The Creation of Gregorian Chant MSC: Factual 12. Popes and secular rulers from the eighth century on sought to standardize the Catholic liturgy in order to a. centralize political and spiritual authority b. create a sense of unity among congregants c. identify and persecute non - believers d. reunite the Eastern and Western Empires e. revive the ideas of the Church Fathers

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    ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 29 TOP: Western Dialects MSC: Conceptual 13. The Holy Roman Empire was established when a. Emperor Theodosius declared Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire b. Frankish king Pippin the Short brought the Roman liturgy and chant to his domain c. Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, King of the Franks, emperor d. the Roman Empire fell e. the Roman Empire was partitioned into the Eastern and Western Empires ANS: C DIF: Hard REF: 29 TOP: The Creation of Gregorian Chant MSC: Factual 14. Which phrase best describes Old Roman chant? a. a chant repertory preserved in twelfth and thirteenth centuries that may or may not be related to the original chant repertory of the Schola Cantorum b. a chant repertory with origins in the early Christian church during the time of the Roman Empire c. the fund of melodic formulas and conventions on which singers improvised chant during the era of oral transmission d. modern editions of chant prepared by the monks of Solesmes in the early twentieth century adopted as the official chant by the Vatican in Rome e. a term synonymous with Gregorian Chant ANS: A DIF: Hard REF: 31 TOP: The Creation of Gregorian Chant MSC: Factual 15. The similarities and differences from phrase to phrase of this melody provide evidence that a. chant melodies may have been composed using a pool of melodic contours and formulas b. early notation was only an approximate way of preserving chant melodies c. oral transmission was unreliable d. the melody resulted from a blend of various chant dialects e. the Schola Cantorum purposely taught the Franks incorrect melodies ANS: A DIF: Hard REF: 31 – 32 TOP: Oral Transmission MSC: Conceptual 16. Why did church musicians develop a system for notating chant? a. it helped advance the goal of disseminating a unified liturgy b. the vast repertory was too difficult to learn by rote memorization c. they wanted congregants to be able to join in the singing d. they wanted it to be a secret repertory, available only to the literate e. they wanted to preserve the music for posterity

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    ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 32 TOP: Stages of Notation MSC: Conceptual 17. When did chant notation evolve from unheightened neumes to staff notation? a. ca. 500 – 600 d. ca. 850 – 1025 b. ca. 600 – 750 e. ca. 1025 – 1150 c. ca. 750 – 850 ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 32 – 35 TOP: Stages of Notation MSC: Factual 18. The idea of staff lines and clefs was suggested by a. Boethius d. St. Gregory b. Guido of Arezzo e. the Monks of Solesmes c. Martianus Capella ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 35 TOP: Stages of Notation MSC: Factual 19. F and C clefs were the most often used in chant notation because they are a. a fifth apart b. positioned just above the semitones in the diatonic scale c. the finals of the most often used modes d. the first notes of two of the hexachords e. the reciting tones of the most often used modes ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 35 TOP: Stages of Notation MSC: Conceptual 20. What is the correct transcription of this phrase? a. d. b. e. c. ANS: C DIF: Hard REF: 36 – 38 TOP: Solesmes Chant Notation MSC: Applied 21. This writer was one of the first to articulate the concept of the seven liberal arts, which include music. a. Guido of Arezzo d. St. Augustine b. Martianus Capella e. St. Gregory c. Pippin the Short, King of the Franks ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 38

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    TOP: The Transmission of Greek Music Theory MSC: Factual 22. Which mode is recognizable by its distinctive semitone interval above the final? a. Dorian d. Mixolydian b. Hypodorian e. Phrygian c. Lydian ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: 40 TOP: The Church Modes MSC: Applied 23. A melody that occupies a range from a fourth or fifth below the final to a sixth above the final is called a. authentic d. plagal b. hard e. soft c. natural ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 40 – 41 TOP: The Church Modes MSC: Applied 24. What is the mode of this chant? a. Dorian b. Phyrgian c. Lydian d. Mixolydian e. the chant does not clearly conform to any mode ANS: C DIF: Hard REF: 40 – 42 TOP: The Church Modes MSC: Applied 25. Which best describes a reciting tone? a. the first note of a chant b. the highest note of a chant c. the last note of a chant d. the lowest note of a chant e. the most frequent or prominent note of a chant ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: 42 TOP: The Church Modes MSC: Factual TRUE/FALSE 1. The early church leaders discouraged the use of music for pleasure. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: 25 TOP: Music in the Early Church MSC: Applied 2. The system of classifying Gregorian chants into eight church modes had its origins in Byzantine chant. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: 28 TOP: Byzantine Chant MSC: Factual 3. The Schola Cantorum was the institution musicians attended in order to learn Gregorian chant.

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    ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: 29 TOP: The Creation of Gregorian Chant MSC: Factual 4. Most chant manuscripts from the Middle Ages were copied in monasteries. ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: 33 TOP: Stages of Notation| Music In Context | In the Monastic Scriptorum MSC: Applied 5. Heightened neumes indicate the specific pitches of chant melodies. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: 35 TOP: Stages of Notation MSC: Factual 6. Chant notation from the Middle Ages gives consistent indications of rhythmic values. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: 36 – 37 TOP: Stages of Notation MSC: Factual 7. In the Middle Ages, music was considered a verbal art, along with grammar and rhetoric. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: 38 TOP: The Transmission of Greek Music Theory MSC: Factual 8. The eight church modes (Dorian, Hypodorian, Phrygian, Hypophrygian, etc.) correspond to the ancient Greek modes. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: 42 – 43 TOP: The Church Modes MSC: Conceptual 9. The Medieval solmization system had six notes. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: 43 TOP: Solmization MSC: Applied 10. The three hexachord positions are called authentic, hard, and soft. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: 43 – 44 TOP: The Hexachord System MSC: Factual SHORT ANSWER 1. Who issued the Edict of Milan, making it legal to practice Christianity in the Roman Empire? ANS: Emperor Constantine DIF: Medium REF: 23 TOP: The Diffusion of Christianity MSC: Factual 2. Why did the church fathers disapprove of using musical instruments in church?

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