A History of Western Music Ninth Edition Test Bank

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CHAPTER 1: Music in AntiquityMULTIPLE CHOICE1.The earliest surviving musical instruments were made froma.boned.stoneb.claye.woodc.metalANS:ADIF:EasyREF:5TOP:The Earliest MusicMSC:Factual2.All of the following types of evidence about musical culture from ancient civilizations survive todayexcepta.musical instrumentsd.visual images of music-makingb.notated musice.writings about musicc.recorded soundANS:CDIF:EasyREF:5TOP:Music in AntiquityMSC:Factual3.Historians mark the end of the prehistoric era at the time when peoplea.created the first cave paintingsd.learned how to carve stoneb.invented printinge.learned how to work with metalc.invented writingANS:CDIF:EasyREF:5TOP:The Earliest MusicMSC:Factual4.The origins of Western music can be traced to civilizations froma.Arabiad.Greece and Turkeyb.China and Indiae.Iraq and Syriac.Egypt and IsraelANS:EDIF:MediumREF:6TOP:Music in Ancient Mesopotamia| Other CivilizationsMSC:Conceptual5.Why, throughout history, do scholars know more about the music-making activities of elite membersof any given society than of others in that society?a.the elite suppressed information about music-making in lower socioeconomic groupsb.music-making activities of the elite are probably representative of the society as a wholec.only the elite could afford to pay composers to write music and artisans to makeinstrumentsd.people of lower social status did not make musice.the music of lower socioeconomic groups is not interestingANS:CDIF:MediumREF:7TOP:Music in Ancient MesopotamiaMSC:Conceptual6.All of the following instruments existed in ancient Mesopotamiaexcepta.harpsd.percussion instrumentsb.bowed instrumentse.pipesc.lyres

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ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:7TOP:Music in Ancient MesopotamiaMSC:Factual7.The instrument shown in this image was used in which region?a.Arabiad.Greeceb.Babyloniae.the Roman Empirec.EgyptANS:BDIF:MediumREF:6–7TOP:The Earliest MusicMSC:Applied8._________is a type of music found in ancient Mesopotamia, but no longer used in Western culturestoday.a.dance musicd.music to accompany epic poetryb.the funeral lamente.the nursery songc.military musicANS:DDIF:EasyREF:7TOP:Music in Ancient MesopotamiaMSC:Factual9.Enheduanna, the first composer known by name, was an Akkadiana.kingd.queenb.prieste.servantc.priestessANS:CDIF:HardREF:7TOP:Music in Ancient MesopotamiaMSC:Factual10.The earliest surviving complete piece of music is written ona.a clay tabletd.paperb.papyruse.a stone tablet

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c.parchmentANS:ADIF:MediumREF:8TOP:Music in Ancient MesopotamiaMSC:Factual11.In ancient Greek mythology, the lyre was associated witha.Apollod.Homerb.Aristotlee.Platoc.DionysusANS:ADIF:MediumREF:9–10TOP:Music in Ancient Greek Life and Thought | Instruments and Their UsesMSC:Factual12.Scholars think that memory and improvisation played an important role in Greek music-makingbecausea.ancient Greek writings explain techniques for playing by earb.ancient Greek writings praise musicians for their excellent memoriesc.images of music-making from ancient Greece rarely show performers reading musicd.no musical notation from ancient Greece survivese.the musical notation from ancient Greece provides chord progressions on which toimproviseANS:CDIF:MediumREF:10TOP:Music in Ancient Greek Life and Thought | Instruments and Their UsesMSC:Conceptual13.In this image a woman is playing thea.aulosd.lyreb.bone flutee.panpipesc.kitharaANS:ADIF:MediumREF:9 | 11TOP:Music in Ancient Greek Life and Thought | Instruments and Their UsesMSC:Applied14.The ancient Greek civilization lasted for approximately how many years?a.300d.1,500

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b.500e.2,000c.1,000ANS:CDIF:HardREF:9 (timeline)| 10 (map and caption)| 17TOP:Music in Ancient Greek Life and ThoughtMSC:Factual15.All of the following wrote about Greek musicexcepta.Aristides Quintilianusd.Platob.Aristotlee.Pythagorasc.OrpheusANS:CDIF:MediumREF:11–13TOP:Greek Musical Thought| Ancient RomeMSC:Factual16.________ discovered the relationship between consonant intervals and mathematical ratios.a.Aristotled.Ptolmeyb.Aristoxenuse.Pythagorasc.PlatoANS:EDIF:MediumREF:13TOP:Greek Musical ThoughtMSC:Factual17.Plato asserted that music was an essential component of education becausea.music and poetry are inseparableb.music is enjoyable to listen toc.musicians were valued in societyd.studying music helps to balance mental and physical activitye.studying music helps to understand mathematicsANS:DDIF:MediumREF:13–14TOP:Music and EthosMSC:Conceptual18.According to Aristotle, different kinds of melodies could cause the listener to experiencea.emotionsd.physical healthb.hallucinationse.religious epiphaniesc.philosophical thoughtsANS:ADIF:MediumREF:14TOP:Music and EthosMSC:Conceptual19.Who is likely to have written this: “It is ... plain that music has the power of producing certain effecton the ethos of the soul, and if it has the power to do this, it is clear that the young must be directed tomusic and must be educated in it.”a.Aristides Quintilianusd.Homerb.Aristotlee.Pythagorasc.AristoxenusANS:BDIF:MediumREF:14TOP:Music and Ethos | Arisotle on the Doctrine of Imitation, Ethos, and Music in EducationMSC:Applied20.According to Aristoxenus, rhythm in music closely aligns witha.astronomical movementsd.mythologyb.the doctrine of imitatione.poetryc.the Greater Perfect System

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ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:15TOP:Greek Music TheoryMSC:Conceptual21.In Greek musical theory, the various tonoi were associated with differenta.dynamicsd.regional stylesb.emotional statese.rhythmic patternsc.instrument groupingsANS:BDIF:HardREF:17TOP:Greek Music TheoryMSC:Conceptual22.The names assigned to ancient Greek modes (Ionian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian,and Locrian) were derived froma.ethnic names originally associated with styles of music practiced in different regions ofGreeceb.the Greek names of the pitches on which each scale beganc.the Greek names of the planetsd.the Greek words for the emotional states evoked by each scalee.revered Greek theorists, writers, and philosophersANS:ADIF:EasyREF:17TOP:Greek Music TheoryMSC:Factual23.TheEpitaph of Seikilosis a musical composition froma.ancient Babylond.ancient Romeb.the Bronze Agee.the Stone Agec.ancient GreeceANS:CDIF:MediumREF:18TOP:Ancient Greek MusicMSC:Factual24.The fragmentary ode from Euripides’Orestesexhibits all of the following musical qualitiesexcepta.the employment of instruments to support vocal musicb.the idea that music imitates ethosc.the importance of poetic rhythm and structure in shaping the melodyd.the use of diatonic, chromatic, and enharmonic generae.the use of virtuosic improvisationANS:EDIF:MediumREF:19TOP:Ancient Greek MusicMSC:Applied25.The tibia, tuba, cornu, and buccina are instruments froma.ancient Babylond.ancient Mesopotamiab.ancient Egypte.ancient Romec.ancient GreeceANS:EDIF:MediumREF:19–20TOP:Music in Ancient RomeMSC:FactualTRUE/FALSE1.The cultures of Europe and America have their roots in the Near East and Greece.ANS:TDIF:EasyREF:4TOP:Music in AntiquityMSC:Factual

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2.There is no surviving evidence of music-making before the Bronze Age (ca. 4000B.C.E.).ANS:FDIF:EasyREF:5TOP:The Earliest MusicMSC:Factual3.Ancient Babylonians developed a system of musical notation.ANS:TDIF:MediumREF:8TOP:Music in Ancient MesopotamiaMSC:Factual4.Scholars believe that the ancient Greek musical system of modes, and thus the European musicalsystem, was influenced by the Babylonian system.ANS:TDIF:MediumREF:8TOP:Music in Ancient MesopotamiaMSC:Factual5.In ancient Greece, instruments were used only to accompany the voice.ANS:FDIF:MediumREF:12TOP:In Performance | Competitions and Professional MusiciansMSC:Applied6.The Greater Perfect System was a scale based on the concept of an absolute fixed pitch.ANS:FDIF:HardREF:16TOP:Greek Music TheoryMSC:Conceptual7.Ancient Greek musical notation indicates pitches and durations.ANS:TDIF:MediumREF:18TOP:Ancient Greek MusicMSC:Factual8.Surviving examples of Greek music show a close correlation between theory and practice.ANS:TDIF:MediumREF:19TOP:Ancient Greek MusicMSC:Conceptual9.Music was used in ancient Roman religious, state, and military ceremonies.ANS:TDIF:EasyREF:19–20TOP:Music in Ancient RomeMSC:Factual10.There is much evidence that ancient Roman musical culture influenced Western European musicalculture.ANS:FDIF:MediumREF:20TOP:Music in Ancient RomeMSC:AppliedSHORT ANSWER1.Describe where ancient Mesopotamia was located, relative to today’s political boundaries.

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ANS:Ancient Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the regions occupied bymodern-day Syria and Iraq.DIF:MediumREF:6TOP:Music in Ancient MesopotamiaMSC:Applied2.Does notated music from ancient Egypt survive? Explain.ANS:Possibly. Some scholars think that Egyptian hieroglyphics, wall paintings, and Bibles may containmusical indications. But even if they do, their meanings are unclear.DIF:HardREF:8TOP:Other CivilizationsMSC:Conceptual3.What is a kithara?ANS:A kithara is a large lyre that was used in ancient Greek processions and sacred ceremonies.DIF:MediumREF:10TOP:Instruments and Their UsesMSC:Applied4.Define “perfect melos.”ANS:Perfect melos was an ancient Greek practice in which melody, text, and stylized dance were conceivedas a whole.DIF:MediumREF:12TOP:Greek Musical Thought | Music, Poetry, and DanceMSC:Factual5.The concept in Greek philosophy that the universe is an orderly, unified system integrating everythingfrom mathematical proportions, astronomy, philosophy, and social structures to a person’s soul iscalledANS:harmoniaDIF:MediumREF:13TOP:Greek Musical ThoughtMSC:Conceptual6.The ancient Greek notion that unheard music was produced by the revolutions of the planets is knownasANS:the harmony of the spheresDIF:MediumREF:13TOP:Greek Musical ThoughtMSC:Factual7.In Greek thought, the idea of one's ethical character or way of behaving was called

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ANS:ethosDIF:EasyREF:13TOP:Music and EthosMSC:Factual8.Diatonic, chromatic, and enharmonic are types ofANS:tetrachordsDIF:EasyREF:15TOP:Greek Music TheoryMSC:Applied9.In 1969 the British band The Who created a rock opera calledTommy, an album of rock and roll songsproduced in a recording studio that tells a story about a visually-, hearing-, and speech-impaired youthwho excels at pinball despite his disabilities. The songs on the album are sung by the differentvocalists, each representing a character in the story. Eventually the album was turned into a film, a livetheater work, and a ballet. Would Plato have approved of this fusion of classical and popular idiomsand adaptations to different mediums? Why or why not?ANS:No. Plato did not approve of the mixing of genres and instruments and thought that musicalconventions should not be changed. This reflected a well-ordered society. Opera is a classical genreand rock is a popular genre, so Plato would not have approved of a “rock opera.” Breakingconventions, such as turning a film into a live theater work, could lead to anarchy.ORYes. “Perfect melos” is when melody, text, and stylized dance are conceived as a whole. Any opera,whether “classical” or “rock,” is conceived as whole (music, text, dance, staging, costumes, etc.). Onecan argue that opera is an extension of perfect melos.DIF:HardREF:12 | 13–14TOP:Greek Musical Thought| Music and EthosMSC:Applied10.The two-octave span of available musical pitches in the Greek theoretical system is calledANS:The Greater Perfect SystemDIF:MediumREF:16TOP:Greek Music TheoryMSC:FactualMATCHINGMatch each term to the correct definition below.a.genusd.speciesb.intervale.tetrachordc.scale1.the arrangement of tones and semitones within an interval of a fourth, fifth, or octave2.the distance between two notes of different pitches3.one of three arrangements of notes within a span of a perfect fourth

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4.a series of four notes spanning a perfect fourth5.a series of three or more different pitches in ascending or descending order1.ANS:D2.ANS:B3.ANS:A4.ANS:E5.ANS:CMatch each author to the correct title below.a.Anonymousd.Cleonidesb.Aristotlee.Platoc.Aristoxenus6.Epitaph of Seikilos7.Harmonic Introduction8.PoeticsandPolitics9.RepublicandTimaeus10.Rhythmic ElementsandHarmonic Elements6.ANS:A7.ANS:D8.ANS:B9.ANS:E10.ANS:CESSAY1.Discuss how theories and practices of music-making in ancient Greece are similar to those still in usetoday.ANS:Answers will vary.2.What did the Ancient Greeks believe about music’s relation to the behavior of the individual, thefunctioning of a well-ordered society, and the motions of the planets?ANS:Answers will vary.

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CHAPTER 2: The Christian Church in the First MilleniumMULTIPLE CHOICE1.Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire in the yeara.70C.E.d.395C.E.b.313C.E.e.476C.E.c.392C.E.ANS:CDIF:MediumREF:23TOP:The Diffusion of ChristianityMSC:Factual2.The main practice shared by early Judaism and early Christianity wasa.the chanting of psalmsd.sacrificing a lambb.dancinge.the singing of hymnsc.living in monasteriesANS:ADIF:EasyREF:23–24TOP:The Judaic HeritageMSC:Applied3.The Judaic system of chanting sacred texts according to a system of melodic formulas matching phrasedivisions is calleda.cantillationd.reciting toneb.echoie.tonoic.psalmodyANS:ADIF:EasyREF:24TOP:The Judaic HeritageMSC:Factual4.The focal point of the Christian Mass is a symbolic reenactment ofa.the birth of Christd.the Last Supperb.the choir of Levites singing psalmse.the ritual sacrifice of a lambc.the crucifixion of ChristANS:DDIF:MediumREF:24TOP:The Judaic HeritageMSC:Factual5.The group of influential Christian writers known as the Church Fathers includes all of the followingexcepta.St. Augustined.St. John Chrysostomb.St. Basile.St. Paulc.St. JeromeANS:EDIF:MediumREF:25TOP:Music in the Early ChurchMSC:Factual6.The Church Fathers advocated the singing of psalms becausea.it distanced Christian worship from pagan ritualsb.it made it easier to remember the wordsc.it provoked devout thoughts and ideas of divine beautyd.it reminded worshippers of Jesus of Nazareth’s Jewish heritagee.it was enjoyable and gave pleasureANS:CDIF:HardREF:25TOP:Music in the Early Church

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MSC:Applied7.When did the Roman Empire split into the Eastern (Byzantine) Empire, centered in Constantinople,and the Western Empire, centered in Rome and Milan?a.70C.E.d.395C.E.b.313C.E.e.476C.E.c.392C.E.ANS:DDIF:HardREF:25TOP:Divisions of the Church and Dialects of ChantMSC:Factual8.Who is likely to have written this: “When the Holy Spirit saw that mankind was ill-inclined towardvirtue and that we were heedless of the righteous life because of our inclination to pleasure, what didhe do? He blended the delight of melody with doctrine on order that through the pleasantness andsoftness of sound we might unawares receive what was useful in thewords.... For this purpose these harmonious melodies of the Psalms have been designed for us.”a.St. Ambrosed.St. Gregoryb.St. Basile.St. Peterc.St. BenedictANS:BDIF:HardREF:26TOP:Music in the Early Church | St. Basil on PsalmsMSC:Applied9.The schedule of days commemorating special events in the lives of Christ and the saints or times ofyear is called thea.Christian Rited.Massb.church calendare.servicec.liturgyANS:BDIF:EasyREF:27TOP:Divisions of the Church and Dialects of ChantMSC:Applied10.Byzantine chant spread from the Eastern Empire toa.Franced.Russiab.Germanye.Spainc.ItalyANS:DDIF:EasyREF:28TOP:Byzantine ChantMSC:Factual11.The Frankish kings Pippin the Short and Charlemagne (Charles the Great) reigneda.ca. 675–ca. 750d.ca. 875–ca. 950b.ca. 750–ca. 815e.ca. 950–1025c.ca. 815–ca. 875ANS:BDIF:MediumREF:29TOP:The Creation of Gregorian ChantMSC:Factual12.Popes and secular rulers from the eighth century on sought to standardize the Catholic liturgy in ordertoa.centralize political and spiritual authorityb.create a sense of unity among congregantsc.identify and persecute non-believersd.reunite the Eastern and Western Empirese.revive the ideas of the Church Fathers

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ANS:ADIF:MediumREF:29TOP:Western DialectsMSC:Conceptual13.The Holy Roman Empire was established whena.Emperor Theodosius declared Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empireb.Frankish king Pippin the Short brought the Roman liturgy and chant to his domainc.Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, King of the Franks, emperord.the Roman Empire felle.the Roman Empire was partitioned into the Eastern and Western EmpiresANS:CDIF:HardREF:29TOP:The Creation of Gregorian ChantMSC:Factual14.Which phrase best describes Old Roman chant?a.a chant repertory preserved in twelfth and thirteenth centuries that may or maynot berelated to the original chant repertory of the Schola Cantorumb.a chant repertory with origins in the early Christian church during the time of the RomanEmpirec.the fund of melodic formulas and conventions on which singers improvised chant duringthe era of oral transmissiond.modern editions of chant prepared by the monks of Solesmes in the early twentiethcentury adopted as the official chant by the Vatican in Romee.a term synonymous with Gregorian ChantANS:ADIF:HardREF:31TOP:The Creation of Gregorian ChantMSC:Factual15.The similarities and differences from phrase to phrase of this melody provide evidence thata.chant melodies may have been composed using a pool of melodic contours and formulasb.early notation was only an approximate way of preserving chant melodiesc.oral transmission was unreliabled.the melody resulted from a blend of various chant dialectse.the Schola Cantorum purposely taught the Franks incorrect melodiesANS:ADIF:HardREF:31–32TOP:Oral TransmissionMSC:Conceptual16.Why did church musicians develop a system for notating chant?a.it helped advance the goal of disseminating a unified liturgyb.the vast repertory was too difficult to learn by rote memorizationc.they wanted congregants to be able to join in the singingd.they wanted it to be a secret repertory, available only to the literatee.they wanted to preserve the music for posterity

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ANS:ADIF:MediumREF:32TOP:Stages of NotationMSC:Conceptual17.When did chant notation evolve from unheightened neumes to staff notation?a.ca. 500–600d.ca. 850–1025b.ca. 600–750e.ca. 1025–1150c.ca. 750–850ANS:DDIF:MediumREF:32–35TOP:Stages of NotationMSC:Factual18.The idea of staff lines and clefs was suggested bya.Boethiusd.St. Gregoryb.Guido of Arezzoe.the Monks of Solesmesc.Martianus CapellaANS:BDIF:MediumREF:35TOP:Stages of NotationMSC:Factual19.F and C clefs were the most often used in chant notation because they area.a fifth apartb.positioned just above the semitones in the diatonic scalec.the finals of the most often used modesd.the first notes of two of the hexachordse.the reciting tones of the most often used modesANS:BDIF:MediumREF:35TOP:Stages of NotationMSC:Conceptual20.What is the correct transcription of this phrase?a.d.b.e.c.ANS:CDIF:HardREF:36–38TOP:Solesmes Chant NotationMSC:Applied21.This writer was one of the first to articulate the concept of the seven liberal arts, which include music.a.Guido of Arezzod.St. Augustineb.Martianus Capellae.St. Gregoryc.Pippin the Short, King of the FranksANS:BDIF:EasyREF:38

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TOP:The Transmission of Greek Music TheoryMSC:Factual22.Which mode is recognizable by its distinctive semitone interval above the final?a.Doriand.Mixolydianb.Hypodoriane.Phrygianc.LydianANS:EDIF:MediumREF:40TOP:The Church ModesMSC:Applied23.A melody that occupies a range from a fourth or fifth below the final to a sixth above the final is calleda.authenticd.plagalb.harde.softc.naturalANS:DDIF:MediumREF:40–41TOP:The Church ModesMSC:Applied24.What is the mode of this chant?a.Dorianb.Phyrgianc.Lydiand.Mixolydiane.the chant does not clearly conform to any modeANS:CDIF:HardREF:40–42TOP:The Church ModesMSC:Applied25.Which best describes a reciting tone?a.the first note of a chantb.the highest note of a chantc.the last note of a chantd.the lowest note of a chante.the most frequent or prominent note of a chantANS:EDIF:MediumREF:42TOP:The Church ModesMSC:FactualTRUE/FALSE1.The early church leaders discouraged the use of music for pleasure.ANS:TDIF:MediumREF:25TOP:Music in the Early ChurchMSC:Applied2.The systemof classifying Gregorian chants into eight church modes had its origins in Byzantine chant.ANS:TDIF:MediumREF:28TOP:Byzantine ChantMSC:Factual3.The Schola Cantorum was the institution musicians attended in order to learn Gregorian chant.

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ANS:FDIF:EasyREF:29TOP:The Creation of Gregorian ChantMSC:Factual4.Most chant manuscripts from the Middle Ages were copied in monasteries.ANS:TDIF:EasyREF:33TOP:Stages of Notation| Music In Context | In the Monastic ScriptorumMSC:Applied5.Heightened neumes indicate the specific pitches of chant melodies.ANS:FDIF:MediumREF:35TOP:Stages of NotationMSC:Factual6.Chant notation from the Middle Ages gives consistent indications of rhythmic values.ANS:FDIF:MediumREF:36–37TOP:Stages of NotationMSC:Factual7.In the Middle Ages, music was considered a verbal art, along with grammar and rhetoric.ANS:FDIF:MediumREF:38TOP:The Transmission of Greek Music TheoryMSC:Factual8.The eight church modes (Dorian, Hypodorian, Phrygian, Hypophrygian, etc.) correspond to the ancientGreek modes.ANS:FDIF:MediumREF:42–43TOP:The Church ModesMSC:Conceptual9.The Medieval solmization system had six notes.ANS:TDIF:MediumREF:43TOP:SolmizationMSC:Applied10.The three hexachord positions are called authentic, hard, and soft.ANS:FDIF:MediumREF:43–44TOP:The Hexachord SystemMSC:FactualSHORT ANSWER1.Who issued the Edict of Milan, making it legal to practice Christianity in the Roman Empire?ANS:Emperor ConstantineDIF:MediumREF:23TOP:The Diffusion of ChristianityMSC:Factual2.Why did the church fathers disapprove of using musical instruments in church?

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