Test Bank For Biology 11th Edition Test Bank

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Chapter 01The Science of BiologyMultiple Choice Questions1. Science is subdivided into specific areas of study termed disciplines. These divisions areartificial but are helpful to narrow the massive scope of scientific knowledge to a manageableamount. Given what you know about each, which scientific division is likely to present thebest answer to a question about how fluid dynamics affect blood pressure in mammals?A. Bioinformatics – use of technology to study and store biological dataB. Biochemistry – study of chemical reactions needed for life function, usually at the cellularlevel.C. Biology – study of lifeD.Biophysics – study of biological processes through physics

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Clarify Question•What is the key concept addressed by the question?The question is about the differencesbetween different divisions of biological research.•What type of thinking is required?This question is asking for you to apply yourunderstanding to identify which areas of research would focus on the movement of fluids.•What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?o Fluid dynamics refers to the physics of how fluids (liquids) move.Gather Content•What do you know about different divisions of biology?How does it relate to thequestion?o Bioinformatics is the study of biological data like sequences using computerso Biology is a very broad area of research covering all areas of the study of lifeo Biochemistry is the study of biological molecules smaller than a cello Biophysics is the study of how biological molecules move using the laws of physicsConsider Possibilities•What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?•In which disciplines are the properties of fluids likely to be studied?o The study of the movement of fluids like blood are not sequence or structural data andnot biological molecules, thus bioinformatics and biochemistry are not good answers.o Biology is a very broad heading, and not the best answer.Choose Answer•Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is mostlikely to produce the correct answer?The best answer is biophysics because the movement offluids are well described using the laws of physics.Reflect on Process•Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did theprocess break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce amore desirable result?o This question asked you to apply the definitions different areas of biology todetermine which might study fluid dynamics. If you got the correct answer, great job! If yougot an incorrect answer, where did the process break down? Did you think that fluid dynamicswere part of a cell or represented by large data sets? Did you not know that the movement offluids was an area of study in physics?

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Blooms Level: 3. ApplyGradable: automaticLO: 01.01.01 Compare biology to other natural sciences.Section: 01.01Topic: The Science of Life2. Based on hierarchical levels of biological organization, which of these choices representsthe broadest level?A. Endocrine systemB. 3 toed slothsC. School of piranhasD.Amazon BasinE. Jaguars, giant anteaters, macaws, capybarasBlooms Level: 3. ApplyGradable: automaticLO: 01.01.03 Characterize the hierarchical organization of living systems.Section: 01.01Topic: The Science of Life3. Experiments are carried out to test a hypothesis by changing one variable at a time andincluding an unchanged variable termed a(n) _____.A. experimental variableB. altered variableC.controlD. stable variableBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLO: 01.02.02 Demonstrate how to formulate a hypothesis.Section: 01.02Topic: The Nature of Science

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4. The method of reasoning that uses construction of general principles by carefulexamination of many specific cases is called:A. experimental reasoning.B. theoretical reasoning.C.inductive reasoning.D. hypothetical reasoning.E. deductive reasoning.Blooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLO: 01.02.01 Compare the different types of reasoning used by biologists.Section: 01.02Topic: The Nature of Science5. Dr. Ratard was trying to determine the cause of a mysterious epidemic affecting fish in thegulf of New Mexico. His proposal that the deaths were caused by an organism called a protistis considered a(n) _________A. theory.B. data set.C.hypothesis.D. conclusion.E. experiment.Blooms Level: 2. UnderstandGradable: automaticLO: 01.02.02 Demonstrate how to formulate a hypothesis.Section: 01.02Topic: The Nature of Science6. After Darwin concluded his voyage on theBeagle, he proposed that the process of naturalselection was a mechanism for:A. overpopulation of finches on the Galapagos Islands.B. speciation.C. artificial selection.D. sexual selection.E.evolution.Blooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLO: 01.03.01 Examine Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection as a scientific theory.Section: 01.03Topic: An Example of Scientific Inquiry: Darwin and Evolution

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7. A scientific theory is:A. a suggested explanation that accounts for observations.B. a way to organize how we think about a problem.C.a concept that is supported by experimental evidence that explains the facts in an area ofstudy.D. a way to understand a complex system by reducing it to its working parts.Blooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLO: 01.02.02 Demonstrate how to formulate a hypothesis.Section: 01.02Topic: The Nature of Science8. What common life characteristic would cells from a daisy, an apple and a dog all have?A.DNAB. tissuesC. organsD. virusesBlooms Level: 2. UnderstandGradable: automaticLO: 01.01.02 Describe the characteristics of living systems.Section: 01.01Topic: The Science of Life9. A yellow jacket, an insect in the order hymenoptera, stung me. A wasp, an insect inhymenoptera, stung me. A hornet, an insect in hymenoptera, stung me. I see a pattern. Allinsects in this order must have stingers. What type of reasoning does this represent?A.inductive reasoningB. deductive reasoningC. reductionismD. comparative reasoningBlooms Level: 2. UnderstandGradable: automaticLO: 01.02.01 Compare the different types of reasoning used by biologists.Section: 01.02Topic: The Nature of Science

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10. You explain to your study group that a hypothesis is:A. constant over time.B. a proposition that will be true and fits the known facts.C.an explanation that accounts for careful observations.D. a theory.Blooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLO: 01.02.02 Demonstrate how to formulate a hypothesis.Section: 01.02Topic: The Nature of Science11. A suggested explanation that might be true and is subject to testing by furtherobservations is a(n):A.hypothesis.B. experiment.C. scientific principle.D. generality.E. theory.Blooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLO: 01.02.02 Demonstrate how to formulate a hypothesis.Section: 01.02Topic: The Nature of Science

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12. Based on the literature, you hypothesize that students in traditional biology lectures willhave the same grades as students in online biology lectures. You decide to test yourhypothesis by comparing grades of students in traditional and online biology lectures over asemester. As a result of the experiment, you observe that the grades in the traditional lecturesand the grades in the online lectures are not significantly different. What do theseobservations allow you to do?A. develop a scientific theoryB. reject the hypothesisC. accept the hypothesis without further questionD.reject the null hypotheses

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Clarify Question•What is the key concept addressed by the question?The question is about hypotheses.•What type of thinking is required?This question is asking to apply your knowledge of ahypothesis to interpret the results of an experiment.•What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?o You hypothesize that students in traditional biology lectures will have the same gradesas students in online biology lectureso the grades in the traditional lectures and the grades in the online lectures are notsignificantly differentGather Content•What do you know about hypotheses?How does it relate to the question?Can you accept or reject a hypothesis? A null hypothesis is the opposite of your hypothesis.In this case it would be that the scores of the two groups of students will be different.Consider Possibilities•What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?•Do you accept a hypothesis or reject a null hypothesis?o Your results support your hypothesis, so you do not reject the hypothesis.Choose Answer•Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is mostlikely to produce the correct answer?The correct answer is to reject the null hypothesis whichis the opposite of what you wrote in your hypothesis.Reflect on Process•Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did theprocess break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce amore desirable result?o This question asked you to apply the definition of a hypothesis to a specific example.If you got the correct answer, great job! If you got an incorrect answer, where did the processbreak down? Did you think that you could accept your hypothesis instead of rejecting the nullhypothesis?Blooms Level: 3. ApplyGradable: automaticLO: 01.02.02 Demonstrate how to formulate a hypothesis.Section: 01.02Topic: The Nature of Science

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13. Your microwave will not turn on, and you speculate that a circuit breaker in the house hasbeen tripped. In scientific terminology, the steps would be described as:A. forming conclusions from the results of experiments.B. developing an observation based on a hypothesis.C.developing a hypothesis based on an observation.D. testing a prediction generated from a hypothesis.Blooms Level: 2. UnderstandGradable: automaticLO: 01.02.02 Demonstrate how to formulate a hypothesis.Section: 01.02Topic: The Nature of Science14. A student poses the question: How does the presence of dissolved salt affect the freezingpoint of water? To answer this question, the student set up two conditions. In the firstcondition, the student added salt to water in a container and referred to this condition as thevariable. In the second condition, the student did not add any salt to water in a secondcontainer and referred to this condition as the control. The student took both containers andattempted to freeze the water at various temperatures to assess the freezing point. Would thisbe a valid experiment?A. Yes, because there is more than one variable.B.Yes, because there is one variable and a controlC. No, because there is not more than one variableD. No because there is only one variable and a controlBlooms Level: 2. UnderstandGradable: automaticLO: 01.02.02 Demonstrate how to formulate a hypothesis.Section: 01.02Topic: The Nature of Science

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15. Karl Popper suggested that scientists use "imaginative preconception," which means thatsuccessful scientists:A. do not keep records of experiments that fail.B. do not need to do experiments to test their ideas.C. only perform applied research.D.often predict the outcome of experiments.E. cannot predict the outcome of experiments.Blooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLO: 01.02.02 Demonstrate how to formulate a hypothesis.Section: 01.02Topic: The Nature of Science16. The proposal that one type of organism can change gradually into another type over along period of time is known as:A. preconception.B. preservation.C. natural history.D.evolution.Blooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLO: 01.03.01 Examine Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection as a scientific theory.Section: 01.03Topic: An Example of Scientific Inquiry: Darwin and Evolution17. Darwin's ideas on evolution were advanced for his time. His approach to science andnatural selection were supported by what main tenet?A. Species were unchangeable over the course of time.B.Operation of natural laws produces constant change and improvement.C. Various organisms and their structures resulted from a spontaneous action.D. The world is fixed and constant.Blooms Level: 2. UnderstandGradable: automaticLO: 01.03.01 Examine Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection as a scientific theory.Section: 01.03Topic: An Example of Scientific Inquiry: Darwin and Evolution

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18. Besides Darwin, the theory of evolution by means of natural selection was alsoindependently proposed by:A. Charles Lyell.B. Karl Popper.C. Thomas Malthus.D. Peter Raven.E.Alfred Wallace.Blooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLO: 01.03.01 Examine Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection as a scientific theory.Section: 01.03Topic: An Example of Scientific Inquiry: Darwin and Evolution19. The term that Darwin used to describe the concept that those with superior physical,behavior or other attributes are more likely to survive than those that are not so well endowed,and thus are more likely to pass their traits to the next generation, is called:A. geometric progressionB.natural selectionC. superior beingsD. survival of modificationsE. biological diversityBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLO: 01.03.01 Examine Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection as a scientific theory.Section: 01.03Topic: An Example of Scientific Inquiry: Darwin and Evolution20. A key contribution to Darwin's thinking was the concept of limits put on the geometricgrowth of populations by nature, originally proposed by:A. Charles Lyell.B. Karl Popper.C. Russel Wallace.D.Thomas Malthus.E. Peter Raven.Blooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLO: 01.03.01 Examine Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection as a scientific theory.Section: 01.03Topic: An Example of Scientific Inquiry: Darwin and Evolution

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21. Darwin's book in which he described his views on evolution is:A. Principles of Geology.B. Survival of the Fittest.C.On the Origin of Species.D. On the Principle of Population.Blooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLO: 01.03.01 Examine Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection as a scientific theory.Section: 01.03Topic: An Example of Scientific Inquiry: Darwin and Evolution22. Recent discoveries of microscopic fossils have extended the known history of life toabout:A. 1 billion years ago.B. 2 billion years ago.C.3.5 billion years ago.D. 4.5 billion years ago.Blooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLO: 01.03.02 Describe the evidence that supports the theory of evolution.Section: 01.03Topic: An Example of Scientific Inquiry: Darwin and Evolution

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23. In California, a species of salamanders were geographically separated over time. Thegroup that lived in southern California relied heavily on large gold blotches on their skin thathelped to camouflage them from predators. The group that lived along the coast adopted acolor pattern that mimicked a poisonous, colorful newt common to that area. Instead of beingcamouflaged, these salamanders advertised their colors. What type of selection process hasoccurred over time?A. theoretical selectionB. artificial selectionC. experimental selectionD.natural selection

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Clarify Question•What is the key concept addressed by the question?The question is about different formsof selection.•What type of thinking is required?This question is asking you to apply the definition ofdifferent forms of selection to a specific example.•What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?o Geographic separation means that members of those two populations could no longerinterbreed which can drive the evolution of new species.o One group of salamanders hides by being camouflaged while the other has brightcolors that mimic another poisonous species.Gather Content•What do you know about selection?How does it relate to the question?Selection works onthe phenotype of an organism, with beneficial traits being more likely to be passed on to thenext generation.Consider Possibilities•What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?•Which types of selection make sense?o Artificial selection requires humans to be involved to make the selection.o Theoretical and experimental selection are part of an experiment. The selection in thisexample did not involve humans or any experiments.Choose Answer•Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is mostlikely to produce the correct answer?This is an example of natural selection due togeographic separation. Once the two groups of salamanders became separated they could nolonger interbreed and developed different adaptations to their local environments.Reflect on Process•Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did theprocess break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce amore desirable result?o This question asked you to apply the definitions selection to a specific example. If yougot the correct answer, great job! If you got an incorrect answer, where did the process breakdown? Did you think that natural selection would not occur with geographical separation, orthat humans were involved in the speciation in some way?

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Blooms Level: 3. ApplyGradable: automaticLO: 01.03.01 Examine Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection as a scientific theory.Section: 01.03Topic: An Example of Scientific Inquiry: Darwin and Evolution24. The same basic array of bones is modified to give rise to the wing of a bat and the fin of aporpoise. Such anatomical structures are called:A. uniform.B. inherited.C.homologous.D. analogous.E. evolutionary modifications.Blooms Level: 2. UnderstandGradable: automaticLO: 01.03.02 Describe the evidence that supports the theory of evolution.Section: 01.03Topic: An Example of Scientific Inquiry: Darwin and Evolution25. Structures that have similar structure and function but different evolutionary origins arecalled:A. inherited.B. evolutionary modifications.C.analogous.D. homologous.E. uniform.Blooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLO: 01.03.02 Describe the evidence that supports the theory of evolution.Section: 01.03Topic: An Example of Scientific Inquiry: Darwin and Evolution

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