CompTIA Cloud+ CV0-003 Exam Cram (2021)

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Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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CompTIA®Cloud+CV0-003Exam CramWilliam “Bo” RothwellHumble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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CompTIA®Cloud+ CV0-003 Exam CramCopyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permis-sion must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduc-tion, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by anymeans, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. Forinformation regarding permissions, request forms, and the appropriatecontacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights & PermissionsDepartment, please visit www.pearson.com/permissions.No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information con-tained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparationof this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors oromissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use ofthe information contained herein.ISBN-13: 978-0-13-739325-1ISBN-10: 0-13-739325-3Library of Congress Control Number: 2021916057ScoutAutomatedPrintCodeTrademarksAll terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or servicemarks have been appropriately capitalized. Pearson IT Certification cannotattest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book shouldnot be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.Warning and DisclaimerEvery effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurateas possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information providedis on an “as is” basis. The author and the publisher shall have neither liabilitynor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or dam-ages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use ofthe supplementary online content.Special SalesFor information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for special salesopportunities (which may include electronic versions; custom cover designs;and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, orbranding interests), please contact our corporate sales department atcorpsales@pearsoned.com or (800) 382-3419.For government sales inquiries, please contactgovernmentsales@pearsoned.com.For questions about sales outside the U.S., please contactintlcs@pearson.com.Editor-in-ChiefMark TaubDirector,ITP ProductManagementBrett BartowExecutive EditorNancy DavisManaging EditorSandra SchroederProject EditorMandie FrankCopy EditorChuck HutchinsonIndexerKen JohnsonProofreaderAbigail ManheimTechnical EditorAkhil BehlPublishingCoordinatorCindy TeetersDesignerChuti PrasertsithCompositorcodeMantraHumble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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Pearson’s Commitment to Diversity, Equity, andInclusionPearson is dedicated to creating bias-free content that reflects the diversityof all learners. We embrace the many dimensions of diversity, includingbut not limited to race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, ability, age,sexual orientation, and religious or political beliefs.Education is a powerful force for equity and change in our world. It hasthe potential to deliver opportunities that improve lives and enable eco-nomic mobility. As we work with authors to create content for everyproduct and service, we acknowledge our responsibility to demonstrateinclusivity and incorporate diverse scholarship so that everyone canachieve their potential through learning. As the world’s leading learningcompany, we have a duty to help drive change and live up to our purposeto help more people create a better life for themselves and to create abetter world.Our ambition is to purposefully contribute to a world where:■Everyone has an equitable and lifelong opportunity to succeedthrough learning.■Our educational products and services are inclusive and represent therich diversity of learners.■Our educational content accurately reflects the histories andexperiences of the learners we serve.■Our educational content prompts deeper discussions with learnersand motivates them to expand their own learning (and worldview).While we work hard to present unbiased content, we want to hear fromyou about any concerns or needs with this Pearson product so that we caninvestigate and address them.■Please contact us with concerns about any potential bias athttps://www.pearson.com/report-bias.html.Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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CreditsFigure 3-1Screenshot of CPU Compute Options © 2021, Amazon Web Services,Inc.Figure 3-2Screenshot of Database Class © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc.Figure 3-3Screenshot of Microsoft Azure Regions © Microsoft 2020Figure 4-1Screenshot of AWS EC2 Instance Types © 2021, Amazon Web Services,Inc.Figure 5-1Screenshot of Federation login example © Copyright 2021 CiscoDevNetFigure 5-2Screenshot of Invalid certificate warning © GoogleFigure 5-3Screenshot of List of CAs on a Google Chrome browser © GoogleFigure 7-1Screenshot of AWS Password Policy © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc.Figure 7-2Screenshot of Changing the permissions of a file in Windows © 2021,Amazon Web Services, Inc.Figure 8-1Screenshot of AWS Tags © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc.Figure 10-1© DZone, Inc.Figure 10-2© 1994 - 2018 Micro FocusFigure 11-1Screenshot of AWS instance details © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc.Figure 12-1© 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc.Figure 12-2© 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc.Figure 14-3Screenshot of Type 3 hypervisor © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc.Figure 14-4Screenshot of CPU Clock Speed value © 2021, Amazon Web Services,Inc.Figure 15-1Screenshot of Exporting a virtual machine in OVF format © 2021OracleFigure 17-1Screenshot of AWS Cloudwatch dashboard data representations © 2021,Amazon Web Services, Inc.Figure 17-2Screenshot of AWS Service Health Dashboard © 2021, Amazon WebServices, Inc.Figure 17-3Screenshot of AWS Personal Health Dashboard © 2021, Amazon WebServices, Inc.Figure 18-1Screenshot of AWS database instance bandwidth © 2021, Amazon WebServices, Inc.Figure 21-1Screenshot of Network diagram from Lucidchart tool © 2021 LucidSoftware IncFigure 24-1Screenshot of AWS Service Health Dashboard © 2021, Amazon WebServices, Inc.Figure 25-1Screenshot of The Wireshark command © WiresharkHumble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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Contents at a GlanceIntroductionxxviCHAPTER 1Different Types of Cloud Models1CHAPTER 2Capacity Planning15CHAPTER 3High Availability and Scaling in Cloud Environments25CHAPTER 4Solution Design in Support of the BusinessRequirements41CHAPTER 5Identity and Access Management55CHAPTER 6Secure a Network in a Cloud Environment71CHAPTER 7OS and Application Security Controls87CHAPTER 8Data Security and Compliance Controls in CloudEnvironments103CHAPTER 9Security Requirements115CHAPTER 10Incident Response Procedures123CHAPTER 11Integrate Components into a Cloud Solution135CHAPTER 12Storage in Cloud Environments149CHAPTER 13Cloud Networking Solutions165CHAPTER 14Compute Sizing for a Deployment181CHAPTER 15Cloud Migrations193CHAPTER 16Logging, Monitoring, and Alerting205CHAPTER 17Operation of a Cloud Environment217CHAPTER 18Optimize Cloud Environments235CHAPTER 19Automation and Orchestration Techniques247CHAPTER 20Backup and Restore Operations259CHAPTER 21Disaster Recovery Tasks273CHAPTER 22Troubleshooting Methodology281CHAPTER 23Troubleshoot Security Issues289CHAPTER 24Troubleshoot Deployment, Automation, andOrchestration Issues301CHAPTER 25Troubleshoot Connectivity Issues and CommonPerformance Issues317Glossary of Essential Terms and Components341Index361Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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ContentsIntroduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxviCHAPTER 1:Different Types of Cloud Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Cloud Deployment Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2Public Cloud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Private Cloud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Hybrid Cloud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Community Cloud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Cloud Within a Cloud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Multicloud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Multitenancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Cloud Service Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Platform as a Service (PaaS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Software as a Service (SaaS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Advanced Cloud Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Internet of Things (IoT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Serverless. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence (AI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Cloud Shared Responsibility Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14CHAPTER 2:Capacity Planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Hardware Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Software Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Budgetary Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Business Need Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Standard Templates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Licensing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Per-user. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Socket-based. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Volume-based. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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ContentsviiCore-based. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Subscription. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20User Density. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20System Load. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Trend Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Baselines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Patterns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Anomalies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Performance Capacity Planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24CHAPTER 3:High Availability and Scaling in Cloud Environments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Hypervisors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26Affinity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Anti-affinity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Oversubscription. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Compute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Regions and Zones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Containers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Clusters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33High Availability of Network Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Switches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Routers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Load Balancers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Firewalls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35Avoid Single Points of Failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36Scalability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36Auto-scaling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36Horizontal Scaling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Vertical Scaling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Cloud Bursting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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viiiCompTIA®Cloud+ CV0-003 Exam CramCHAPTER 4:Solution Design in Support of the Business Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . .41Requirement Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42Hardware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43Integration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45Budgetary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45Compliance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Service-Level Agreement (SLA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46User and Business Needs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Network Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Environments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48Quality Assurance (QA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48Staging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49Blue-Green. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49Disaster Recovery (DR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49Testing Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50Vulnerability Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50Penetration Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50Performance Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51Regression Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51Functional Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51Usability Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53CHAPTER 5:Identity and Access Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55Identification and Authorization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56Privileged Access Management (PAM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57Logical Access Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57Account Lifecycle Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58Access Controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59Directory Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). . . . . . . . . . . . .61Federation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61Certificate Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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ContentsixMultifactor Authentication (MFA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64Single Sign-On (SSO). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML). . . . . . . . . . . . . .66Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66Secret Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67Key Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69CHAPTER 6:Secure a Network in a Cloud Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71Network Segmentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72Virtual LAN (VLAN)/Virtual Extensible LAN (VxLAN)/Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation (GENEVE). . . .72Microsegmentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73Tiering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73Protocols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74Domain Name Service (DNS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74Network Time Protocol (NTP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75Network Time Security (NTS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75Encryption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75Tunneling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76Network Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77Firewalls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78Web Application Firewall (WAF). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78Application Delivery Controller (ADC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79Intrusion Protection System (IPS)/IntrusionDetection System (IDS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79Data Loss Prevention (DLP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79Network Access Control (NAC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79Packet Brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80Log and Event Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80Network Flows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80Hardening and Configuration Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81Disabling Unnecessary Ports and Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81Disabling Weak Protocols and Ciphers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81Firmware Upgrades. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82Control Ingress and Egress Traffic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Protection. . . . . . . . . . .84What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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xCompTIA®Cloud+ CV0-003 Exam CramCHAPTER 7:OS and Application Security Controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87Policies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Password Complexity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Account Lockout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89Application Whitelisting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89Software Feature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90User/Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90User Permissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90Antivirus/Antimalware/Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR). . . . .93Host-Based IDS (HIDS)/Host-Based IPS (HIPS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94Hardened Baselines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94Single Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95File Integrity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96Log and Event Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96Configuration Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96Builds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96Stable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96Long-Term Support (LTS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97Beta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97Canary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97Operating System (OS) Upgrades. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98Encryption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98Application Programming Interface (API) Endpoint. . . . . . . . . .98Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98OS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98Filesystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99Mandatory Access Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99Firewall Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101CHAPTER 8:Data Security and Compliance Controls in Cloud Environments. . . . . . . .103Encryption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104Integrity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105Hashing Algorithms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105Digital Signatures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106File Integrity Monitoring (FIM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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ContentsxiClassification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107Segmentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Access Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Impact of Laws and Regulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Legal Hold. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Records Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110Versioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110Retention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110Destruction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110Write Once Read Many. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110Data Loss Prevention (DLP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113CHAPTER 9:Security Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116Vulnerability Scanners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116Port Scanners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116Vulnerability Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117Default and Common Credential Scans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117Credentialed Scans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118Network-Based Scans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118Agent-Based Scans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118Service Availabilities Scans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118Security Patches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118Hot Fixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119Scheduled Updates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119Virtual Patches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119Signature Updates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119Rollups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120Risk Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120Prioritization of Patch Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120Deactivate Default Accounts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120Impacts of Security Tools on Systems and Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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xiiCompTIA®Cloud+ CV0-003 Exam CramCHAPTER 10:Incident Response Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124Documentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124Call Trees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126Tabletops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126Documented Incident Types/Categories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127Roles and Responsibilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128Incident Response Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130Identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130Containment, Eradication, and Recovery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131Postincident and Lessons Learned. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134CHAPTER 11:Integrate Components into a Cloud Solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135Subscription Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136File Subscriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137Communications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137Collaboration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138Directory and Identity Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139Cloud Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139IaaS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140PaaS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140SaaS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140Provisioning Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140Compute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142Serverless. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143Deploying Virtual Machines (VMs) and Custom Images. . . . . . . . . . .143Templates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143OS Templates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143Solution Templates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144Identity Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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ContentsxiiiContainers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145Configure Variables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145Configure Secrets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145Persistent Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146Auto-scaling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146Postdeployment Validation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148CHAPTER 12:Storage in Cloud Environments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150Block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151Object. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151Tiers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152Flash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152Hybrid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152Spinning Disks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152Long-Term. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152Input/Output Operations per Second (IOPS) and Read/Write. . . . . . .153Protocols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154Network File System (NFS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154Common Internet File System (CIFS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI). . . . . . . . . . .155Fibre Channel (FC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156Non-Volatile Memory Express over Fabrics (NVMe-oF). . . . . . .156Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15701. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15711. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15851. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15861. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159Storage System Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159Compression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160Deduplication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160Thin Provisioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160Thick Provisioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161Replication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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xivCompTIA®Cloud+ CV0-003 Exam CramUser Quotas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161Hyperconverged. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161Software-Defined Storage (SDS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163CHAPTER 13:Cloud Networking Solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). . . . . . . . . . . .166Network Time Protocol (NTP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166Domain Name Service (DNS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167Content Delivery Network (CDN). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169IP Address Management (IPAM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170Site-to-site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170Point-to-Point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171Point-to-Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171IPsec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171Virtual Routing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171Dynamic and Static Routing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172Virtual Network Interface Controller (vNIC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172Subnetting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172Network Appliances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176Load Balancers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176Firewalls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177Hub and Spoke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178Peering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178VLAN/VxLAN/GENEVE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178Single Root Input/Output Virtualization (SR-IOV). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179Software-Defined Network (SDN). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180CHAPTER 14:Compute Sizing for a Deployment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181Virtualization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182Hypervisors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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ContentsxvDynamic Allocations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185Oversubscription. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185Central Processing Unit (CPU)/ Virtual CPU (vCPU). . . . . . . . . . . .185Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186Virtual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186Pass-through. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186Clock Speed/Instructions per Cycle (IPC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187Hyperconverged. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188Dynamic Allocation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189Ballooning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191CHAPTER 15:Cloud Migrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193Physical to Virtual (P2V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194Virtual to Virtual (V2V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195Cloud-to-Cloud Migrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196Vendor Lock-in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196PaaS or SaaS Migrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196Storage Migrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198Block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199Object. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200Database Migrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200Relational. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201Nonrelational. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203CHAPTER 16:Logging, Monitoring, and Alerting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206Collectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207Severity Categorization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207Audits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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xviCompTIA®Cloud+ CV0-003 Exam CramAutomation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209Trending. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209Baselines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210Thresholds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210Tagging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210Log Scrubbing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211Performance Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211Resource Utilization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212Availability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212Verification of Continuous Monitoring Activities. . . . . . . . . . . .213Service Management Tool Integration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213Alerting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214Common Messaging Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214Enable/Disable Alerts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214Appropriate Responses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214Policies for Categorizing and Communicating Alerts. . . . . . . . .215What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216CHAPTER 17:Operation of a Cloud Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217Confirm Completion of Backups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218Lifecycle Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218Roadmaps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218Old/Current/New Versions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219Upgrading and Migrating Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219Deprecations or End of Life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220Change Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220Asset Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220Configuration Management Database (CMDB). . . . . . . . . . . . .221Patching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221Features or Enhancements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221Fixes for Broken or Critical Infrastructure or Applications. . . . . .222Scope of Cloud Elements to Be Patched. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224Policies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225Rollbacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225Impacts of Process Improvements on Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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ContentsxviiUpgrade Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226Rolling Upgrades. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226Blue-Green. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227Canary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227Active-Passive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227Development/QA/Production/DR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227Dashboard and Reporting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228Tagging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229Costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229Elasticity Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231Connectivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231Latency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232Incidents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232Health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232Overall Utilization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233Availability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234CHAPTER 18:Optimize Cloud Environments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235Right-sizing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236Compute and Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237Network Interface Controllers (NICs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239Latency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240Software-Defined Networks (SDNs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241Edge Computing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241Placement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242Geographical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242Cluster Placement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242Redundancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243Colocation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243Device Drivers and Firmware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243Generic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244Vendor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244Open Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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xviiiCompTIA®Cloud+ CV0-003 Exam CramCHAPTER 19:Automation and Orchestration Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247Infrastructure as Code (IaC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248Infrastructure Components and Their Integration. . . . . . . . . . .249Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD). . . . . . . . .249Version Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250Configuration Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251Playbook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252Containers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252Automation Activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252Routine Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253Updates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253Scaling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253Shutdowns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254Restarts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254Create Internal APIs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254Secure Scripting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254No Hardcoded Passwords. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255Use of Individual Service Accounts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255Password Vaults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255Key-Based Authentication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255Orchestration Sequencing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257CHAPTER 20:Backup and Restore Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259Backup Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260Incremental. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260Differential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261Full. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261Synthetic Full. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262Snapshot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262Backup Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263Application-Level Backup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263File-System Backup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264Database Dumps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264Configuration Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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ContentsxixBackup Targets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265Tape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265Disk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265Object. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266Backup and Restore Policies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266Retention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266Schedules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267Service-Level Agreements (SLAs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268Recovery Time Objective (RTO). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268Recovery Point Objective (RPO). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268Mean Time to Recovery (MTTR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2693-2-1 Rule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269Restoration Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269In Place. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269Alternate Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270Restore Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270Snapshot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272CHAPTER 21:Disaster Recovery Tasks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273Failovers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274Failback. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274Restore Backups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275Replication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275On-Premises and Cloud Sites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275Hot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275Warm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276Cold. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277Corporate Guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277Documentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277DR Kit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278Playbook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278Network Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278Geographical Data Center Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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xxCompTIA®Cloud+ CV0-003 Exam CramCHAPTER 22:Troubleshooting Methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281Always Consider Corporate Policies, Procedures, and Impacts BeforeImplementing Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2821. Identify the Problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2832. Establish a Theory of Probable Cause (Question the Obvious). . . . .2843. Test the Theory to Determine Cause. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2854. Establish a Plan of Action to Resolve the Problem andImplement the Solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2855. Verify Full System Functionality and, if Applicable,Implement Preventive Measures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2866. Document the Findings, Actions, and OutcomesThroughout the Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288CHAPTER 23:Troubleshoot Security Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289Privilege. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290Missing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290Incomplete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290Escalation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291Authentication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291Authorization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292Security Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293Network Security Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293Directory Security Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294Keys and Certificates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294Expired. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294Revoked. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295Trust. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295Compromised. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295Misconfigured. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295Misconfigured or Misapplied Policies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295Data Security Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296Unencrypted Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296Data Breaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296Misclassification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296Lack of Encryption in Protocols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296Insecure Ciphers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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ContentsxxiExposed Endpoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297Misconfigured or Failed Security Appliances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298Unsupported Protocols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298External/Internal Attacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300CHAPTER 24:Troubleshoot Deployment, Automation, and Orchestration Issues. . . . . .301Connectivity Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302Cloud Service Provider (CSP) or Internet ServiceProvider (ISP) Outages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302Performance Degradation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304Latency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304Configurations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305Scripts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305Applications in Containers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306Misconfigured Templates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306Missing or Incorrect Tags. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306Insufficient Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307Licensing Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307Vendor-Related Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308Migrations of Vendors or Platforms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308Integration of Vendors or Platforms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308API Request Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308Cost or Billing Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309Account Mismatches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310Change Management Failures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310Server Name Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311IP Address Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311Location Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312Version/Feature Mismatch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312Automation Tool Incompatibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313Deprecated Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313API Version Incompatibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314Job Validation Issue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314Patching Failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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xxiiCompTIA®Cloud+ CV0-003 Exam CramCHAPTER 25:Troubleshoot Connectivity Issues and Common Performance Issues. . . .317Network Security Group Misconfigurations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318Access Control Lists (ACLs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318Inheritance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319Common Networking Configuration Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319Peering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320Incorrect Subnet, IP Address, and IP Space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320Routes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321Firewall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322Network Address Translation (NAT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322Load Balancers and DNS Records. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323VLAN/VxLAN/GENEVE and Proxy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324Quality of Service (QoS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324Time Synchronization Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324Network Troubleshooting Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324ping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325tracert/traceroute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325flushdns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326ipconfig/ifconfig/ip. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326nslookup/dig. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328netstat/ss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330route. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332arp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332curl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .333Packet Capture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334Packet Analyzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335OpenSSL Client. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336Resource Utilization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337Memory Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337Service Overload. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337Incorrectly Configured or Failed Load Balancing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338What Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339Glossary of Essential Terms and Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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About the AuthorAt the impressionable age of 14,William “Bo” Rothwellcrossed paths with aTRS-80 Micro Computer System (affectionately known as a “Trash 80”). Soonafter, the adults responsible for Bo made the mistake of leaving him alone withthe TSR-80. He immediately dismantled it and held his first computer class,showing his friends what made this “computer thing” work. Since that experi-ence, Bo’s passion for understanding how computers work and sharing thisknowledge with others has resulted in a rewarding career in IT training. Hisexperience includes cloud, Linux, UNIX, IT security, DevOps, and program-ming languages such as Perl, Python, Tcl, and BASH. He is the founder andlead instructor of One Course Source, an IT training organization.DedicationTo my sister, Betsy, who I tormented so much growing up. I’m glad that nowwe are adults you have either forgotten or forgiven my misdeeds.To my parents: 99.7 percent of the time Betsy confessed and got in trouble,it was really me.To my childhood dog, Hansel, thank you for always being there, under thedining room table, when I needed vegetables to disappear from my plate.You learned to chew silently, and for that, I was grateful.To my seventh-grade homeroom teacher, you know who you are.You said I was lazy and would never amount to anything. If you are reading this now,you have concrete proof in your hands that you were mistaken.AcknowledgmentsI always worry when I write this section that I will miss someone who hashelped me with this book. It takes a team to write a book, but often the authorgets all of the credit. For all of the editors and support staff who have helpedmake this book possible, thank you very much.Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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About the Technical ReviewerAkhil Behl, CCIE Emeritus No. 19564, is a passionate IT executive with akey focus on the cloud and security. He has 18+ years of experience in theIT industry working across several leadership, advisory, consultancy, and businessdevelopment profiles with various organizations. His technology and businessspecializations include cloud, security, infrastructure, data center, andbusiness communication technologies. Currently, he leads business develop-ment for the cloud for a global systems integrator.Akhil has written multiple titles on security and business communication tech-nologies. In addition, he has contributed as technical editor for more than adozen books on security, networking, and information technology. He also haspublished four books with Pearson Education/Cisco Press.He has published several research papers in national and international journals,includingIEEE Xplore, and presented at various IEEE conferences, as well asother prominent ICT, security, and telecom events. Writing and mentoring arehis passion and a part of his life.He holds CCIE Emeritus (Collaboration and Security), Azure Solutions Archi-tect Expert, Google Professional Cloud Architect, Azure AI Certified Associate,Azure Data Fundamentals, CCSK, CHFI, PMP, ITIL, VCP, TOGAF, CEH,ISM, CCDP, and many other industry certifications. He has a bachelor’s degreein technology and a master’s of business administration degree.Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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We Want to Hear from You!As the reader of this book, you are our most important critic and commenta-tor. We value your opinion and want to know what we’re doing right, what wecould do better, what areas you’d like to see us publish in, and any other wordsof wisdom you’re willing to pass our way.We welcome your comments. You can email or write to let us know what youdid or didn’t like about this book—as well as what we can do to make our booksbetter.Please note that we cannot help you with technical problems related to the topic ofthis book.When you write, please be sure to include this book’s title and author as wellas your name and email address. We will carefully review your comments andshare them with the author and editors who worked on the book.Email: community@informit.comReader ServicesRegister your copy ofCompTIA Cloud+ CV0-003Exam Cramatwww.pearsonitcertification.com for convenient access to downloads, updates,and corrections as they become available. To start the registration process,go to www.pearsonitcertification.com/register and log in or create an account.*Enter the product ISBN 9780137393251 and clickSubmit. When the pro-cess is complete, you will find any available bonus content under RegisteredProducts.*Be sure to check the box that you would like to hear from us to receiveexclusive discounts on future editions of this product.Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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IntroductionWelcome toCompTIA Cloud+ CV0-003 Exam Cram. This book will help youget ready to take and pass the CompTIA Cloud+ exam CV0-003.This book is designed to remind you of everything you need to know to passthe CV0-003 certification exam. Each chapter includes a number of practicequestions that should give you a reasonably accurate assessment of your knowl-edge, and, yes, we’ve provided the answers and their explanations for thesequestions. Read this book, understand the material, and you’ll stand a very goodchance of passing the real test.Exam Crambooks help you understand and appreciate the subjects and materialsyou need to know to pass CompTIA certification exams.Exam Crambooks areaimed strictly at test preparation and review. They do not teach you everythingyou need to know about a subject. Instead, the authors streamline and highlightthe pertinent information by presenting and dissecting the questions and problemsthey’ve discovered that you’re likely to encounter on a CompTIA test.Let’s begin by looking at preparation for the exam.How to Prepare for the ExamThis text follows the official exam objectives closely to help ensure your suc-cess. The CompTIA exam covers 5 domains and 27 objectives, and this bookis aligned with those domains and objectives. These official objectives fromCompTIA can be found here:https://www.comptia.org/training/resources/exam-objectivesAs you examine the numerous exam topics now covered in Cloud+, resist theurge to panic! This book you are holding will provide you with the knowledge(and confidence) that you need to succeed. You just need to make sure you readit and follow the guidance it provides throughout your Cloud+ journey.Practice TestsThis book is filled with practice exam questions to get you ready!▶CramSaver questions at the beginning of each chapter:These dif-ficult, open-ended questions ensure you really know the material. Somereaders use these questions to “test out” of a particular topic.Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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▶CramQuizzes at the end of each chapter:These quizzes provideanother chance to demonstrate your knowledge after completing achapter.In addition, the book includes two full practice tests in the Pearson Test Prepsoftware available to you either online or as an offline Windows application.To access the practice exams, please see the instructions in the card inserted inthe sleeve in the back of the book. This card includes a unique access code thatenables you to activate your exams in the Pearson Test Prep software.If you are interested in more practice exams than are provided with this book,Pearson IT Certification publishes a Premium Edition eBook and Practice Testproduct. In addition to providing you with three eBook files (EPUB, PDF, andKindle), this product provides you with two additional exams’ worth of ques-tions. The Premium Edition version also offers you a link to the specific sec-tion in the book that presents an overview of the topic covered in the question,allowing you to easily refresh your knowledge. The insert card in the back ofthe book includes a special offer for an 80 percent discount off this PremiumEdition eBook and Practice Test product, which is an incredible deal.Taking a Certification ExamAfter you prepare for your exam, you need to register with a testing center.At the time of this writing, the cost to take the Cloud+ exam is $338 USD forindividuals. Students in the United States are eligible for a significant discount.Additionally, check with your employer because many workplaces providereimbursement programs for certification exams. For more information aboutthese discounts, you can contact a local CompTIA sales representative, whocan answer any questions you might have. If you don’t pass, you can take theexam again for the same cost as the first attempt until you pass. The test isadministered by Pearson VUE testing centers with locations globally. In addi-tion, the CompTIA Cloud+ certification might fulfill requirements for manywithin the U.S. military, and testing centers are available on some militarybases.You will have 90 minutes to complete the exam. The exam consists of a maxi-mum of 90 questions. If you have prepared, you should find that this is plentyof time to properly pace yourself and review the exam before submission.xxviiIntroductionHumble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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xxviiiCompTIA®Cloud+ CV0-003 Exam CramArriving at the Exam LocationAs with any examination, arrive at the testing center early (at least 15 minutes).Be prepared! You need to bring two forms of identification (one with a pic-ture). The testing center staff requires proof that you are who you say you areand that someone else is not taking the test for you. Arrive early, because ifyou are late, you will be barred from entry and will not receive a refund for thecost of the exam.You’ll be spending a lot of time in the exam room. Plan on using the full 90 minutesallotted for your exam and surveys. Policies differ from location to location regard-ing bathroom breaks. Check with the testing center before beginning the exam.ExamAlertIn the Testing CenterYou will not be allowed to take into the examination room study materials oranything else that could raise suspicion that you’re cheating. This includespractice test material, books, exam prep guides, or other test aids. The TestingCenter will provide you with scratch paper and a pen or pencil. These days,this often comes in the form of an erasable whiteboard.Examination results are available after the exam. After submitting the exam,you will be notified whether you have passed or failed. The test administratorwill also provide you with a printout of your results.About This BookThe ideal reader for anExam Crambook is someone seeking certification.However, it should be noted that anExam Crambook is a very easily readable,rapid presentation of facts. Therefore, anExam Crambook is also extremelyuseful as a quick reference manual.You can read this book cover to cover, or you may jump across chapters asneeded. Because the book chapters align with the exam objectives, somechapters may have overlap on topics. Where required, references to the otherchapters are provided for you. If you need to brush up on a topic, you can usethe index, table of contents, or Table I.1 to find the topics and go to the ques-tions that you need to study. Beyond helping you prepare for the test, we thinkyou’ll find this book useful as a tightly focused reference on some of the mostimportant aspects of the Cloud+ certification.Humble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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This book includes other helpful elements in addition to the actual logical,step-by-step learning progression of the chapters themselves.Exam Crambooksuse elements such as ExamAlerts, tips, notes, and practice questions to makeinformation easier to read and absorb. This text also includes a very helpfulglossary to assist you.Reading this book from start to finish is not necessary; this book is set up so thatyou can quickly jump back and forth to find sections you need to study.NoteUse theCramSheetfound in the front of the book to remember last-minutefacts immediately before the exam. Use the practice questions to test yourknowledge. You can always brush up on specific topics in detail by referring tothe table of contents and the index. Even after you achieve certification, youcan use this book as a rapid-access reference manual.Exam ObjectivesTable I.1 lists the skills the CV0-003 exam measures and the chapter in whichthe objective is discussed.TABLE I.1Exam DomainObjectiveChapter in BookThat Covers It1.0 Cloud Architectureand Design1.1 Compare and contrast the differenttypes of cloud models.Chapter 11.0 Cloud Architectureand Design1.2 Explain the factors that contribute tocapacity planning.Chapter 21.0 Cloud Architectureand Design1.3 Explain the importance of high avail-ability and scaling in cloud environments.Chapter 31.0 Cloud Architectureand Design1.4 Given a scenario, analyze the solu-tion design in support of the businessrequirements.Chapter 42.0 Security2.1 Given a scenario, configure identityand access management.Chapter 52.0 Security2.2 Given a scenario, secure a network ina cloud environment.Chapter 6xxixIntroductionHumble Bundle Pearson Networking and Security Certification Bundle – © Pearson. Do Not Distribute.

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