Canadian Police Work 4th Edition Test Bank

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NETATest Bankto accompanyPrepared byDanielle MurdochBoise State University

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iiiTABLE OF CONTENTSPrefaceChapter 1 CONSIDERING POLICE WORK ................................................................................. 1-1Chapter 2 THE ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION OF POLICE WORK ........................................... 2-1Chapter 3 CONTEMPORARY CANADIAN POLICING ............................................................. 3-1Chapter 4 POLICE ETHICS AND ACCOUNTABILITY ............................................................. 4-1Chapter 5 THE POLICE OCCUPATION....................................................................................... 5-1Chapter 6 PATROL AND GENERAL DUTY POLICING............................................................ 6-1Chapter 7POLICE POWERS AND THE USE OF FORCE .......................................................... 7-1Chapter 8 POLICING IN THE COMMUNITY.............................................................................. 8-1Chapter 9 POLICE STRATEGIES ................................................................................................. 9-1Chapter 10 CASE INVESTIGATION ............................................................................................ 10-1Chapter 11 GOING FORWARD: CRITICAL ISSUES IN CANADIAN POLICING................... 11-1

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ivPREFACEABOUT THE NELSON EDUCATION TEACHING ADVANTAGE (NETA)In most post-secondary courses, a large percentage ofstudent assessment is based on multiple-choice testing.Many instructors use multiple-choice reluctantly, believingthat it is a methodology best used for testing what astudentremembersrather than what she or he haslearned.Nelson Education Ltd. understands that a good quality multiple-choice test bank can provide themeans to measurehigher-level thinkingskills as well as recall. Recognizing the importance ofmultiple-choice testing in today’s classroom, we have createdNETA—theNelsonEducationTeachingAdvantage program—to ensure the value of our high quality test banks.The NETA program was created in partnership with David DiBattista, a 3M National TeachingFellow, professor of psychology at Brock University, and researcher in the area of multiple-choice testing. NETA ensures that subject-matter experts who author test banks have had trainingin two areas: avoiding common errors in test construction, and developing multiple-choice testquestions that “get beyond remembering” to assess higher-level thinking.All NETA test banks include David DiBattista’s guide for instructors, “Multiple Choice Tests:Getting Beyond Remembering.” This guide has been designed to assist you in using Nelson testbanks to achieve your desired outcomes in your course.The Test Bank forCanadian Police Work, Fourth Editionby Curt T. Griffiths, has been authoredby Danielle Murdoch, Boise State University. The multiple-choice questions were written andedited to conform to NETA guidelines, which emphasize the development of higher-orderthinking and the effective construction of questions. NETA principles of question constructionhelp eliminate ambiguity, arguable answers, guesswork, and unconscious cues to test-savvystudents, resulting in a test that accurately reflects student understanding. The Test Bank offers390 questions including 220 multiple choice questions, 110 true/false questions, and 60 shortanswer questions.In addition to providing a variety of questions related to each chapter objective, this test bank alsoemploys a series of tags that can help design effective, balanced tests by the measure of courseoutcomes. All of the tags are included with the question in the test bank. These tags include:ANS: The correct answer. (Suggested answers are provided for the essay questions.)PTS: The number of points an instructor can assign for each question. The default is 1 point.REF: Linked to the corresponding page number.BLM: The category from Bloom’s taxonomy for learning (Remember or Higher Order). Thiscategory is included to assist instructors in assessing student’s higher-order cognitive skills.

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TestBankt/aCanadianPoliceWork1‐1CHAPTER 1: CONSIDERING POLICE WORKMULTIPLE CHOICE1.Which of the following is defined as “legislation that includes provisions that define theresponsibilities of the federal and provincial governments in the area of criminal justice”?a.Constitution Act, 1867b.Canadian Criminal Code, 1867c.Royal Canadian Mounted Police Act, 1867d.Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 1867ANS:APTS:1REF:pp. 4-5BLM: Remember2.Incidents such as the planned terrorist attack against the British Columbia legislature in 2013 raiseconcerns about domestic terrorism. Imagine that concerned citizens petition the federal government toexpand police powers, including surveillance on individuals who pose a threat to the safety andsecurity of Canadians. Opponents of this petition argue the expansion of police powers will result inCanadian citizens losing their rights and freedoms as the government will increasingly use the policeto protect their own interests. What perspective on the role of the police do the opponents support?a.social contractb.moral contractc.radical perspectived.critical perspectiveANS:CPTS:1REF:pp. 5-6BLM: Higher Order3.Which of the following is defined as, “secretive police investigative activities and surveillance ofpersons and groups deemed to be a threat to the stability and status quo of the state”?a.biased policingb.political policingc.bureaucratic policingd.discriminatory policingANS:BPTS:1REF:7BLM: Remember4.What four key values did the Law Reform Commission of Canada identify as forming the frameworkfor police work in Canada?a.justness, fairness, transparency, efficacyb.justice, equality, transparency, efficaciousc.justice, equality, accountability, efficiencyd.justness, fairness, accountability, efficiencyANS:CPTS:1REF:p. 8BLM: Remember5.Which statement exemplifies the key value of “justice” identified by the Law Reform Commission ofCanada in their framework for police work in Canada?a.ensuring that services are cost-effective in meeting performance targetsb.ensuring that individuals are treated fairly and human rights are respectedc.ensuring that organizational actions and police officer actions are subject to reviewd.ensuring that all citizens are entitled to policing services that contribute to their feelings ofsafety and securityANS:BPTS:1REF:p. 8BLM: Higher Order

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TestBankt/aCanadianPoliceWork1‐26.A police officer arrests a high-profile drug dealer. What major area of police activities does thisexemplify?a.serviceb.enforcementc.crime controld.order maintenanceANS:CPTS:1REF:p. 10BLM: Higher Order7.Officers Smith and Johnson spend their entire shift providing assistance to homeless persons, personswith mental health issues, and at-risk juveniles, including locating housing and treatment services forthese individuals. What phenomenon has contributed to this type of police role?a.uploadingb.backloadingc.frontloadingd.downloadingANS:DPTS:1REF:10BLM: Higher Order8.Constable Smith spends her shift assisting a man who is experiencing a psychotic episode and ends upgetting him admitted to a local psychiatric hospital. What concept does this exemplify?a.diversificationb.interoperabilityc.moral authorityd.procedural justiceANS:APTS:1REF:p. 10BLM: Higher Order9.What percentage of the Canadian population is foreign-born?a.6 percentb.9 percentc.12 percentd.15 percentANS:DPTS:1REF:13BLM: Remember10.As of 2011, what percentage of the Canadian population was comprised of visible minorities?a.5 percentb.10 percentc.15 percentd.20 percentANS:DPTS:1REF:13BLM: Remember11.A key feature of Canada is diversity. Which of the following isNOTan important piece of legislationas it pertains to policing the diverse population within Canada?a.Access to Information Actb.Canadian Human Rights Actc.Canadian Multiculturalism Actd.Charter of Rights and FreedomsANS:APTS:1REF:pp. 13-14BLM: Remember

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TestBankt/aCanadianPoliceWork1‐312.Defence counsel in a high-profile case has requested background information on the officer whoarrested their client for aggravated assault, alleging the officer’s history of misconduct is vital to theirclient’s case. What decision of the Supreme Court of Canada determined that disclosure extends to thedefence counsel being provided with this information?a.R v. Johnson, 2007b.R. v. McNeil, 2009c.R. v. O’Connor, 1995d.R. v. Stinchcombe, 1991ANS:BPTS:1REF:p. 15BLM: Higher Order13.A local gang member is seriously assaulted by a rival gang member and decides not to report the crimeto the local police. What does this underreporting contribute to?a.skewed net-wideningb.the diversion of casesc.the dark figure of crimed.decreased interoperabilityANS:CPTS:1REF:p. 17BLM: Higher Order14.How much did policing costs increase in Canada between the years 2002 and 2012?a.14 percentb.24 percentc.34 percentd.44 percentANS:DPTS:1REF:17BLM: Remember15.According to the textbook, which of the following is NOT one of the factors that contribute to the“dark figure of crime” phenomenon?a.Some crimes have no direct victim.b.Some crime victims are unwilling to report crimes to the police.c.There are not sufficient police resources to discover unreported crimes.d.Many of the conflicts to which police officers respond are resolved informally without anycriminal charges being laid.ANS:CPTS:1REF:p. 17BLM: Remember16.As of 2014, what was the estimated total annual cost associated with crime, victimization, and thecriminal justice system in Canada?a.$65 millionb.$85 millionc.$65 billiond.$85 billionANS:DPTS:1REF:17BLM: Remember17.How much did the crime rate decrease in Canada between 2002 and 2012?a.17 percentb.27 percentc.37 percentd.47 percentANS:BPTS:1REF:17BLM: Remember

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TestBankt/aCanadianPoliceWork1‐418.Studies in the U.S. have found that, all else being equal, a 10 percent reduction in the size of a typicalpolice service has been found to lead to an increase in certain offences. How much does the rate ofrobbery increase when there is a 10 percent reduction in the size of the police service?a.6 percentb.9 percentc.12 percentd.15 percentANS:APTS:1REF:18BLM: Remember19.Studies in the U.S. have found that, all else being equal, a 10 percent reduction in the size of a typicalpolice service has been found to lead to an increase in certain offences. How much does the rate ofserious assaults increase when there is a 10 percent reduction in the size of the police service?a.3 percentb.6 percentc.9 percentd.12 percentANS:APTS:1REF:18BLM: Remember20.A police officer uses force to arrest a suspect and the video is posted to a social media website by anonlooker within two hours of the incident. What key concept in the study of police work does thisexemplify?a.the cost-benefits of policingb.the changing boundaries of policingc.the increasing visibility of the policed.the transparency and accountability of the policeANS:CPTS:1REF:pp. 19-20BLM: Higher OrderTRUE/FALSE1.Policing is the “activities of any individual or organization acting legally on behalf of public or privateorganizations or persons to maintain security or social order while empowered by either public orprivate contract, regulations or policies, written or verbal.”ANS:TPTS:1REF:p. 4BLM: Remember2.No other piece of legislation has had as strong an impact on the powers and activities of the police asThe Constitution Act, 1867.ANS:FPTS:1REF:p. 4BLM: Remember3.Police officers experience conflict in carrying out their duties because they are expected to protect bothpublic order and individual rights.ANS:TPTS:1REF:p. 8BLM: Remember4.Police officers spend most of their time enforcing the law and much less time attending to ordermaintenance activities.ANS:FPTS:1REF:p. 10BLM: Remember

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TestBankt/aCanadianPoliceWork1‐55.Police officers, military officers, and correctional officers are the only criminal justice personnel inCanada with the authority to use force.ANS:TPTS:1REF:p. 11BLM: Remember6.The rates of violent crime in Canada are highest in remote, Northern Aboriginal and Inuitcommunities.ANS:TPTS:1REF:p. 16BLM: Remember7.Canada’s homicide rate is at its lowest level since the 1960s.ANS:TPTS:1REF:p. 16BLM: Remember8.The costs of the Canadian justice system increased by 45 percent between 2002 and 2012.ANS:FPTS:1REF:p. 17BLM: Remember9.Griffiths defines police legitimacy as “neutral, fair, and respectful decision-making proceduresemployed by police agencies.”ANS:FPTS:1REF:p. 18BLM: Remember10.“Trial by YouTube” refers to citizens judging the appropriateness of police decision making based onvideo clips posted to social media websites.ANS:TPTS:1REF:p. 20BLM: RememberSHORT ANSWER1.Define policing and briefly discuss three influences on the role and activities of the police.ANS:Answers will vary but should include reference to the following:-Policing: the activities of any individual or organization acting legally on behalf of public or privateorganizations or persons to maintain security or social order (p. 4).-Three influences on the role and activities of the police.-The Community-Diversity-Geography-The Police Organization-Legislation-Court Decisions-CrimePTS:1REF:p. 4 and pp. 11-17BLM: Remember2.Discuss the importance of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the Constitution Act, and theCriminal Code with respect to police practices in Canada. Further, discuss the challenges policeservices face in finding a balance between maintaining public safety and security and adhering to therule of law and ensuring citizen rights.ANS:

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TestBankt/aCanadianPoliceWork1‐6Answers will vary but should include reference to the following:-Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms: component of the Constitution Act that guarantees basicrights and freedoms.-Constitution Act, 1867: legislation that includes provisions that define the responsibilities of thefederal and provincial governments in the area of criminal justice.-Criminal Code: federal legislation that sets out criminal law, procedures for prosecuting federaloffences, and sentences and procedures for the administration of justice.PTS:1REF:pp. 4-5BLM: Higher Order3.Describe the differences between the social contract perspective on the role of the police and theradical perspective on the role of the police, and discuss which perspective you support.ANS:Social contract perspective: considers the police to be a politically neutral force that acts primarily toenforce the law and protect the public. Radical perspective: views the police as an instrument used bygovernments and powerful interests to suppress dissent, stifle protest, and help maintain the status quo.PTS:1REF:pp. 5-6BLM: Remember and Higher Order4.How have concerns with international and domestic terrorism changed policing practices in Canada?Discuss how these concerns will continue to change policing practices in Canada in the years to come.ANS:Answers will vary.PTS:1REF:pp. 6-7 and p. 15BLM: Higher Order5.Define the term “dark figure of crime,” and explain three factors that contribute to it. Further, discussstrategies to increase reporting to more accurately capture crime rates in Canada.ANS:Answers will vary but should include:-Dark figure of crime: difference between how much crime occurs and how much crime is reported toor discovered by the police.-Why does the dark figure of crime exist? Unwillingness of crime victims to report to the police, somecrimes have no direct victim, and many conflicts to which police respond are resolved informallywithout any charges being laid.PTS:1REF:pp. 16-17BLM: Remember and Higher Order

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TestBankt/aCanadianPoliceWork2‐1CHAPTER 2: THE ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION OF POLICE WORKMULTIPLE CHOICE1.In which country did policing evolve into an institution?a.Italyb.Francec.Greeced.EnglandANS:DPTS:1REF:p. 25BLM: Remember2.Suppose that you were a 40-year-old male living in England prior to 1066 and you were partof a group composed of 10 families. What was the name of the group to which you belonged?a.tenthlyb.tythingc.interclusterd.aggregationANS:BPTS:1REF:p. 26BLM: Higher Order3.Who was the forerunner of the English police officer?a.tenthmanb.tythingmanc.centurymand.hundredmanANS:BPTS:1REF:p. 26BLM: Remember4.Which piece of government legislation was responsible for making policing a communityresponsibility in England?a.Statute of Londonb.Statute of Winchesterc.Justice of the Peace Actd.Statute of the Frankpledge ActANS:BPTS:1REF:p. 27BLM: Remember5.Suppose that you were part of England’s first organized police body as a paid police constablein the mid-1700s in England and reported to a justice of the peace. What was the name of theorganization you belonged to?a.Bow Street Runnersb.Police Street Runnersc.Peeler Street Runnersd.Bobby Street RunnersANS:APTS:1REF:p. 27BLM: Higher Order6.When was England’s first organized body of police established?a.late 1600sb.late 1700s

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TestBankt/aCanadianPoliceWork2‐2c.mid 1600sd.mid 1700sANS:DPTS:1REF:p. 27BLM: Remember7.Which piece of government legislation was responsible for establishing a full-time, unarmedpolice force in London, England?a.Civic Police Actb.Citizen Police Actc.Municipal Police Actd.Metropolitan Police ActANS:DPTS:1REF:p. 28BLM: Remember8.Who was responsible for managing the first attempt at community policing by an organizedpolice service?a.Sir Robert Peelb.Sir Wilfrid Laurierc.Sir Oliver Cromwelld.Sir Winston ChurchillANS:APTS:1REF:p. 28BLM: Remember9.When did police constables appear in Upper Canada (now Ontario)?a.late 1700sb.late 1800sc.early 1700sd.early 1800sANS:DPTS:1REF:p. 30BLM: Remember10.Imagine you live in pre-Confederation Canada (pre-1867) and you are questioned forcommitting a crime; the person who questions you is a militia captain. Which country hassettled your community?a.Britainb.Francec.Swedend.GermanyANS:BPTS:1REF:p. 30BLM: Higher Order11.What is the name of the individual who received Canada’s first traffic violation ticket?a.George Weissb.Henry Fieldingc.Henry Franklind.George WithrowANS:APTS:1REF:p. 31BLM: Remember12.Constable Smith works closely with the Inuit in his community, relying on them for assistancein using a dog sled for transportation. What characteristic of the RCMP as an organizationdoes this reflect?a.broad mandate

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TestBankt/aCanadianPoliceWork2‐3b.decentralized trainingc.policing diverse environmentsd.exchange-of-services agreementANS:CPTS:1REF:p. 32BLM: Higher Order13.Which province established Canada’s first territorial police force?a.Albertab.Ontarioc.British Columbiad.Prince Edward IslandANS:CPTS:1REF:p. 32BLM: Remember14.In what year was the first woman appointed to the position of sergeant in Canada?a.1974b.1977c.1984d.1987ANS:DPTS:1REF:p. 34BLM: Remember15.In what year was the name of the North-West Mounted Police changed to the Royal CanadianMounted Police (RCMP) as it exists today?a.1900b.1910c.1920d.1930ANS:CPTS:1REF:p. 37BLM: Remember16.In what year was the North-West Mounted Police founded?a.1873b.1883c.1893d.1903ANS:APTS:1REF:p. 37BLM: Remember17.Suppose that you were a Canadian university student in the 1960s and participated inleft-wing student societies and demonstrations. Which police service could have beentargeting you for surveillance activities?a.Sûreté du Québecb.Ontario Provincial Policec.Royal Canadian Mounted Policed.British Columbia Provincial PoliceANS:CPTS:1REF:p. 41BLM: Higher Order

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TestBankt/aCanadianPoliceWork2‐418.Imagine you arrive at Toronto’s Pearson International Airport from a recent vacation in theUnited States. You interact with Canadian customs agents shortly after arriving, you speakwith officers from both the Peel Regional Police Service and Royal Canadian Mounted Policeas you wait at the baggage claim, and you walk past a Group 4 Securitas security guardpatrolling the parking lot where you left your car. What does this experience exemplify aboutchanges in Canadian policing arrangements as discussed by Griffiths?a.pluralization of policingb.naturalization of policingc.urbanization of police workd.globalization of police workANS:APTS:1REF:p. 45BLM: Higher Order19.While attending a concert at your local stadium, you notice that stadium-hired officers andyour local police service are conducting security for the event. What is this practice called?a.joint policingb.shared policingc.cooperative policingd.collaborative policingANS:DPTS:1REF:p. 45BLM: Higher Order20.Imagine an 18-year-old man is arrested and detained in police lock-up and dies of injuriessustained during the arrest. The local community is outraged and organizes protests againstthe local police—accused of using excessive force in times past—that soon turn into violentriots. The police respond with their newly acquired armoured vehicles and place snipers onthe roofs of the buildings surrounding the location of the riots. What does this exemplify?a.militarization of the policeb.nationalization of the policec.proliferation of armed forcesd.assimilation of armed forcesANS:APTS:1REF:pp. 47-48BLM: Higher OrderTRUE/FALSE1.Policing was a community responsibility prior to the Industrial Revolution and thedevelopment of capitalism.ANS:TPTS:1REF:p. 25BLM: Remember2.In the early 1800s, there was extensive opposition to the creation of the first organized policeservice in London.ANS:TPTS:1REF:p. 28BLM: Remember3.The first police constables in Canada were appointed in Quebec City in the early 1800s.ANS:FPTS:1REF:p. 30BLM: Remember

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TestBankt/aCanadianPoliceWork2‐54.Legislation was passed in 1858 in Upper Canada that authorized towns and cities to createboards of commissions to oversee police forces.ANS:TPTS:1REF:p. 31BLM: Remember5.Canada’s first territorial police force was established in 1858.ANS:TPTS:1REF:p. 32BLM: Remember6.Women officers were paid less than their male counterparts until the mid-1980s.ANS:FPTS:1REF:p. 34BLM: Remember7.The RCMP did not swear in their first women officers until 1964.ANS:FPTS:1REF:p. 34BLM: Remember8.As late as 1861, the Hudson’s Bay Company’s chief judicial officer served as the jailer, chiefmedical officer, sheriff, and coroner in the Canadian West.ANS:TPTS:1REF:p. 35BLM: Remember9.The British Columbia Provincial Police (BCPP) force was formed in 1891.ANS:FPTS:1REF:p. 35BLM: Remember10.The most widely recognized symbol of Canada throughout the world is the beaver.ANS:FPTS:1REF:p. 38BLM: RememberSHORT ANSWER1.Define “hue and cry” and describe how this principle reflected police practices in Englandprior to the Industrial Revolution and the advent of capitalism.ANS:The “hue and cry” was the requirement in early England that all able-bodied men assist thepolice. Failure to do so could result in punishment for the citizens, often equal to that imposedon the lawbreaker. This principle reflects how policing was the responsibility of thecommunity rather than the responsibility of the state.PTS:1REF:pp. 25-26BLM: Remember2.Discuss the significance of the Metropolitan Police Act (1829).ANS:The Metropolitan Police Act (1829) established a full-time unarmed police force in London.The significance lies in the fact policing in England moved away from secretive, authoritarianpolicing models that were operating in continental Europe and towards a model that wascompatible with previous community policing practices and growing democratic values.

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TestBankt/aCanadianPoliceWork2‐6PTS:1REF:p. 28BLM: Remember3.Describe the contribution Sir Robert Peel made to the field of policing.ANS:Sir Robert Peel founded the first organized police service in England in 1829 under theMetropolitan Police Act. The principles of Sir Robert Peel form the basis of communitypolicing followed today.PTS:1REF:pp. 27-30BLM: Remember4.Compare and contrast public police and private security officers.ANS:Students will compare and contrast public and private security officers by discussing a few ofthe following distinctions: private security officers work for private companies whose raisond’être is profit. Public police officers, in contrast, work for the public and are generally notinvolved in issues related to economic profit. Public police are controlled and heldaccountable through various public, government-sponsored agencies and organizations.Private security services are not required to adhere to provincial police acts or to the policingstandards that supplement police act legislation. There is no onus on private security servicesto engage in community-based policing. Private security forces are, in essence, an extensionof company management and are concerned primarily with protecting the owner’s investment.Public police are armed and have the authority to use deadly force, enforce the law, maintainorder, and provide a wide range of non-enforcement services to the general public. Studentsmay also explain that in general, private security personnel have no more legal authority thanordinary citizens to enforce the law or protect property, although they can arrest and detainpeople who have committed a crime on private property.PTS:15.Define tiered policing, pluralization of policing, and collaborative policing, and discuss onepotential negative consequence of these changes in Canadian policing.ANS:Tiered policing refers to the model of police work involving a mix of traditional sworn policeofficers with new types of police and private security personnel. Pluralization of policingrefers to the expansion of policing beyond the public police to include parapolice and privatesecurity. Collaborative policing refers to the cooperation between public and private police.One potentially negative consequence of these changes in Canadian policing is that any poorbehaviour conducted by private police officers may impact the public’s perception of thepublic police. This is due to the similarities in the uniforms worn by public and private policeofficers and the public’s inability to tell the difference between the two types of officers andtheir behaviour.PTS:1REF:pp. 45-46BLM: Remember

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