Criminal Investigation 11th Edition Test Bank

Preview (16 of 233 Pages)

100%

Criminal Investigation 11th Edition Test Bank - Page 1 preview image

Loading page ...

Chapter 01: The Evolution of Criminal Investigation and Forensic ScienceMultiple Choice Questions1. The first modern detective force wasA) the Bow Street Runners.B) established by the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829.C) created by Patrick Colquhoun.D) headed by attorney Howard Vincent.Ans:APage ref:32. When the London Metropolitan Police force was established in 1829, the British public was atfirst suspicious and at times even hostile towards it becauseA) King Edward II had supported its creation.B) Rowan and Mayne had intimate ties to the royal family.C) social reformers such as Jeremy Bentham had long argued that it was a danger to personalliberty.D) French citizens had experienced oppression under centralized police.Ans:DPage ref:33. In 1833, _______ an ordinance creating America's first paid, daylight police force?A) PhiladelphiaB) ChicagoC) New York CityD) BaltimoreAns:APage ref:3-44. After the Civil War, Pinkerton’s National Detective Agency engaged in the two broad areas of____________?A) Locating war criminals and providing protection to the President of the United States.B) Controlling a discontented working class and protection of the President of the United States.C) Pursuing bank robbers and arresting train robbers.D) Controlling a discontented working class and pursuing bank and railroad robbers.Ans:DPage ref:45. Which state and city was the first to create a unified police force in this country?A) New Orleans, LA.B) New York, NY.C) Baltimore, MD.D) Philadelphia, PAAns:BPage ref:4

Criminal Investigation 11th Edition Test Bank - Page 2 preview image

Loading page ...

Criminal Investigation 11th Edition Test Bank - Page 3 preview image

Loading page ...

6. Which of the following is not one of the reasons cited in the textbook for having reliabledetectives in Americain the 1800’s?A) Graft and corruption were common among America’s big city police officers.B) Police jurisdictions were limited.C) There was little information sharing among police departments.D) All of the above are reasons cited in the textbook.Ans:DPage ref:47. A rogues' gallery isA) only practical in cities of 100,000 population or more.B) photographs of known criminals arranged by criminal specialty and height.C) a line-up of known offenders for viewing by detectives so they can recognize the criminalslater on the street.D) only practical in cities of 100,000 population or more and are photographs of knowncriminals arranged by criminal specialty and physical height.Ans:BPage ref:68. What was the original mission of the Secret Service when created by Congress in 1865?A) Combat counterfeiting.B) Provide protection for Presidents.C) Prevent drug importation into this country.D) All of the preceding was addressed in the Secret Service’s original Charter.Ans:APage ref:69. What municipal agency was the first to establish a Criminal Identification Bureau?A) Chicago, Ill.B) Atlanta, GA.C) Philadelphia, PA.D) New Orleans, LA.Ans:APage ref:610. Which agency was the prototype for modern state police organizations?A) New York State Police.B) Georgia State Police.C) Pennsylvania State Police.D) Pinkerton International Detective Agency.Ans:CPage ref:611.11. The Harrison Act of 1914 mad the distribution of nonmedical drugs a crime. The agencycurrentlycharged with enforcing its provisions is _________________.

Criminal Investigation 11th Edition Test Bank - Page 4 preview image

Loading page ...

A) Federal Bureau of InvestigationsB) Narcotics BureauC) Drug Enforcement AgencyD) Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous DrugsAns:CPage ref:812. During 1961-1966, the U.S. Supreme Court became unusually active in hearing casesinvolving the rights of criminal suspects and defendants. This is referred to as the ____________A) radical court era.B) conservative court era.C) due process revolution.D) ex-post facto period.Ans:CPage ref:8-913. The first major book describing the application of scientific disciplines to criminalinvestigation was written in 1893 by Hans Gross. Translated into English in 1906, it remainshighly respected today as a seminal work in the field. What is the book’s title?A)Criminal Investigation.B)The Scientific Method of Criminal Inquiry.C)Science and Criminal Conduct.D)Forensic Science and Crime.Ans:APage ref:914. What early method of criminal identification is based on the fact that every human beingdiffers from every other one in the exact measurements of their body, and that the sum of thesemeasurements yields a characteristic formula for each individual?A) Dactylography.B) Ectomorphism.C) Anthropometry.D) Meso-morphism.Ans:CPage ref:915. The father of criminal identification is:A) Hans Gross.B) Alfonse Bertillon.C) Edward Henry.D) William Herschel.Ans:BPage ref:916. The first country to use fingerprints as a system of criminal identification was:A) Germany.

Criminal Investigation 11th Edition Test Bank - Page 5 preview image

Loading page ...

B) France.C) China.D) England.Ans:DPage ref:1117. Which 1903 case was the most important incident to advance the use of fingerprints inAmerica?A) Lindberg kidnapping.B) "James Jones."C) West.D) Faurot.Ans:CPage ref:11-1218. In 1985, research by ______________ and his colleagues at Leicester University, Englandled to the discovery that portions of the DNA structure of certain genes are as unique toindividuals, as are fingerprints.A) WatsonB) AshworthC) CrickD) JeffreysAns:DPage ref:1219. What is the significance of theEnderbyCases that are referred to in the textbook?A) It proved without a doubt that DNA results were unreliable in court.B) The first use of DNA to exonerate a person convicted of the rape of two persons.C) The first use of DNA typing in a criminal trial.D) Both B and C.Ans:CPage ref:1320. The Palo Verde case is significant because it _______________A) excluded evidence due to improper police training.B) was the first use of plant DNA in a criminal case.C) established the scientific basis for dactylography.D) confirmed Gravelle's Principal.Ans:BPage ref:1421. _______________________ is considered most responsible for raising firearmsidentification to a science and for perfecting the bullet comparison microscope?A) Paul Jeserich.B) Henri Lacassagne.C) Henry Balthazard.

Criminal Investigation 11th Edition Test Bank - Page 6 preview image

Loading page ...

D) Calvin Goddard.Ans:DPage ref:1422. Who made the first successful attempt to identify a murderer from the bullet recovered fromthe body of a victim?A) Paul Jeserich.B) Henri Lacassagne.C) Henry Balthazard.D) Henry Goddard.Ans:DPage ref:1423. The impact of Supreme Court decisions in criminal investigation cases and the adaptation tothem by the police hasA) slowed police professionalization.B) hastened police professionalization.C) had no effect on the police.D) handcuffed the police.Ans:BPage ref:924. Which of the following is not one of the three major scientific systems for personalidentification of criminals in wide use?A) Anthropometry.B) Dactylography.C) Ectomorphism.D) Deoxyribonucleic acid.Ans:CPage ref:925. In 1892, who published the first definitive book on dactylography,Finger Prints?A) Sir Francis Galton.B) Henri Lacassagne.C) Henry Balthazard.D) Calvin Goddard.Ans:APage ref:11True/False Questions26. Criminalistics draws from diverse disciplines, such as geology, physics, chemistry, biology,and mathematics, to study physical evidence related to crime.Ans:TruePage ref:927. The Metropolitan Police act was enacted in 1829, the first time it was introduced in

Criminal Investigation 11th Edition Test Bank - Page 7 preview image

Loading page ...

England’s Parliament.Ans:FalsePage ref:328. Pinkerton’s National Detective Agency’s trademark was an open eye above the slogan “Weare ever Vigilant.”Ans:FalsePage ref:429. After Prohibition was adopted nationally in 1920, the Bureau of Internal Revenue wasresponsible for its enforcement.Ans:TruePage ref:730. When Prohibition was repealed by the 18thAmendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1933,many former bootleggers turned to bank robbery and kidnapping. It then became the FBI’s roleto deal with the criminals.Ans:TruePage ref:731. The Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs was an offshoot organization from the DrugEnforcement Administration that was formed to handle national terroristic drug use.Ans:FalsePage ref:832. Bertillon produced theportrait parle’or “speaking picture,” which combines full-face andprofile photographs of each criminal with his or her exact body measurements and otherdescriptive data onto a single card.Ans:TruePage ref:1033. Without exception, every person has distinctive DNA. In every cell of the same human thatcontains DNA, this blueprint is identical, whether the material is blood, tissue, spermatozoa,bone marrow, tooth pulp, or a hair root cell.Ans:FalsePage ref:1334. The Orlando Cases set the stage for the first use of DNA typing in the United States.Ans:TruePage ref:1336. In 1913, Professor Balthazard published an article on firearms identification in which henoted that the firing pin, extractor, and ejector all leave marks on cartridges, and that they varyamong weapons.Ans:TruePage ref:14

Criminal Investigation 11th Edition Test Bank - Page 8 preview image

Loading page ...

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions36. ________ efforts led to the establishment of the London Metropolitan Police in 1829.English police officers are still affectionately referred to as “bobbies,” a play on his first name.Ans:Sir Robert Peel’sPage ref:337. Stephen Girard bequeathed $33,190 to ________ to develop a competent police force.Ans:PhiladelphiaPage ref:3-438. The major private detective agency of the 19thcentury was formed by ________.Ans:Alan PinkertonPage ref:439. To supplement the rogues’ gallery, Thomas Byrnes instituted the ________ where at 9o’clock every morning; all criminals arrested in the past 24 hours were marched before hisdetectives who were expected to make notes and to recognize the criminals later.Ans:Mulberry Street Morning ParadePage ref:640. In 1967, the ________ was made operational by the FBI, providing data on wanted personsand property stolen from all 50 states.Ans:National Crime Information center (NCIC)Page ref:841. The ________ revolution and subsequent Supreme Court decisions changed questionable andimproper police procedures and tactics.Ans:due processPage ref:8-942. All crime scenes are searched on the basis of Edmond Locard’s ________, which asserts thatwhen perpetrators come into contact with the scene, they will leave something of themselves andtake away something from the scene.Ans:exchange principlePage ref:943. The first foreigner trained in the use of the Henry classification system was New York CityDetective ________ in 1904.Ans:Joseph FaurotPage ref:1144. The________Casesinvolved blood samples from about 5,500 men living in the area forDNA typing in an attempt to identify a rape suspect.Ans:Enderby

Criminal Investigation 11th Edition Test Bank - Page 9 preview image

Loading page ...

Page ref:1345. ________ helped produce the first workable polygraph in 1921 and established America’sfirst full forensic laboratory in Los Angeles in 1923.Ans:August VollmerPage ref:15Essay Questions46. Who were the Bow Street Runners and of what historical importance are they?Ans:The Bow Street Runners were a small group of volunteer, non-uniformed homeownersestablished in 1750 by Henry Fielding to "take thieves." In "taking thieves" they would hurry tothe scene of a crime and begin an investigation, thus becoming the first modern detective force.Page ref:347. Why did the British public object to the use of detectives following the Metropolitan PoliceAct of 1829?Ans:French citizens had been repressed under centralized policing. In England there was fearthat the use of "police spies" (detectives in plain clothes) would reduce civil liberties. In 1833 aSergeant Popay was dismissed from the London Metropolitan Police because he infiltrated aradical group, acquired a leadership position, and argued for the use of violence.Page ref: 348. Why did the office of detective in this country initially evolve in the private sector?Ans:First, graft and corruption were common in big city police departments. Second, municipalpolice jurisdictions were limited. Third, there was little communication between policedepartments in different cities. Thus, offenders could flee from one jurisdiction to another withimpunity. When individuals and businesses could not get reliable investigative services from thepublic sector, it created the possibility of the private sector (such as Pinkerton's NationalDetective Agency) providing such services.Page ref: 449. What parallels can be drawn between Allan Pinkerton and J. Edgar Hoover?Ans:Both of them understood the importance of: (1) information, (2) criminal records, and(3) publicity favorable to their efforts.Page ref: 5 & 850. What did the “due process revolution” and subsequent Supreme Court decisions change withrespect to the police?Ans:Questionable and improper police procedures and tactics were greatly reduced. In turn, thiscreated the need to develop new procedures and tactics and to make sure that officers were welltrained in their uses. There has been an ongoing cycle of decisions and adaptation to them by thepolice since the due process revolution. To no small extent, this ongoing cycle has hastened thecontinuing professionalization of the police, while also asserting the principle that the action ofpolice officers anywhere may be subject to close scrutiny by the Supreme Court.Page ref:9

Criminal Investigation 11th Edition Test Bank - Page 10 preview image

Loading page ...

51. What are the milestones in the development of dactylography?Ans:(1) 1st century: Roman lawyer Quintilianus used a bloody fingerprint to successfullydefend a child accused of murder.(2) 8th century: Used on contracts in China (also in 14th century Persia and 17th centuryEngland, thought to awe people into keeping agreements, no individual identification byfingerprints possible at the time).(3) 1684: England's Dr. Grew called attention to systems of pores in ridges in hands and feet.(4) 1686: Mercello Malpigni confirmed Grew's observations.(5) 1823: Professor Perkinje named nine standard fingerprint patterns and outlined a broadmethod of classifying them.(6) 1877: Herschel wrote to the Inspector General of the Prisons of Bengal about usingfingerprints as means of personal identification. This suggestion was rejected as InspectorGeneral thought that Herschel's letter was the product of delirium.(7) 1880: Faulds matched sooty fingerprint on a whitewashed wall to that of suspect.(8) 1880: Faulds reported his finding in Nature, provoking controversy between Herschel andFaulds.(9) 1892: Galton published Fingerprints, the first definitive book on dactylography.(10) 1892: Inspector Alvarez, a disciple of Vucetich, got the first South American criminalconviction based on fingerprints.(11) 1894: Vucetich published Dictiloscopia Comparada, outlining his system of fingerprintclassification.(12) 1900: Henry system adopted in England.(13) 1901: Henry publishesClassification and Use of Fingerprints,outlining his system offingerprint classification.(14) 1903: the Will West/William West case at the U.S. Penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansasdemonstrated the superiority of dactylography to anthropometry.(15) 1904: Detective Sergeant Faurot of the NYCPD becomes the first foreigner to study theHenry system; in 1906 he obtained the theft conviction of "James Jones" by the use offingerprints.(16) 1917: the Argentine government seized all of Vucetich's records and forbade him to dofurther work, largely because of strong protests in Buenos Aires against wide-spread fingerprintregistration.Page ref: 10-1252. Why does the Henry classification enjoy greater use than Vucetich's system?Ans:In 1917, the Argentine government seized all of Vucetich's records and forbade him to dofurther work (due to strong protests in Buenos Aires against wide-spread fingerprintregistration). In 1925, Vucetich died a disappointed man. In contrast, Henry became the head ofwhat was then the world's most prestigious police organization and enjoyed the support of hiscountry. These advantages, coupled with Vucetich's loss of support in his own country, meantthe Henry classification system would become adopted virtually worldwide.Page ref: 1253. What are seven different human sources of DNA material identified in this chapter?Ans:These sources are: (1) blood, (2) tissue, (3) spermatozoa, (4) bone marrow, (5) tooth pulp,(6) saliva and (7) hair root cells.

Criminal Investigation 11th Edition Test Bank - Page 11 preview image

Loading page ...

Page ref: 1354. Of what significance is the palo verde seedpod case in Phoenix, Arizona?Ans:It is the first case in which "genetic fingerprinting" was applied to plant evidence in acriminal case.Page ref: 1455. What are the milestones in the development of firearms identification?Ans:(1) 1835, Henry Goddard (one of the last of the Bow Street Runners) made the firstsuccessful attempt to identify a murderer from a bullet recovered from the victim's body. At thehome of a suspect, Goddard seized a bullet mold with a defect in it corresponding to a mark onthe recovered bullet.(2) 1889, Professor Lacassagne recovered a bullet from a corpse. The bullet had seven grooveson it. Shown a number of suspect guns, Lacassagne identified the one that could have left sevengrooves. However, any number of guns manufactured at that time could have made sevengrooves and there is no way of knowing if the right person was found guilty.(3) 1898, Paul Jeserich took microphotographs of fatal and test bullets and based on theirrespective normalities and irregularities testified that the defendant's revolver fired the fatalbullet. At the doorstep of scientific greatness, Jeserich did not pursue this discovery any further,turning his attention to other interests.(4) 1913, Professor Balthazard published perhaps the single most important article on firearmsidentification. In it he noted that the firing pin, breechblock, extractor, and ejector all leavemarks on cartridges and that these varied among different types of weapons.(5) 1926, Calvin Goddard became the head of a team working on firearms identification. He isconsidered the person most responsible for raising firearms identification to a science and forperfecting the bullet comparison microscope.Page ref: 14-15

Criminal Investigation 11th Edition Test Bank - Page 12 preview image

Loading page ...

Chapter 02: Legal Aspects of InvestigationMultiple Choice Questions1. Procedural law deals with all of the following exceptA) process of arrest.B) admissibility of evidence.C) search and seizure.D) elements of a crime.Ans:DPage ref:182. The due process clause is found in which Amendment of the Bill of Rights?A) First Amendment.B) Fourth Amendment.C) Fifth Amendment.D) Tenth Amendment.Ans:CPage ref:193. Which of the following protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures?A) First Amendment.B) Fifth Amendment.C) Eighth Amendment.D) Fourth Amendment.Ans:DPage ref:204. The ingredients of arrest include all of the following exceptA) force.B) intention.C) authority.D) custody.Ans:APage ref:215. A temporary and limited interference with the freedom of a person for investigative purposesis the definition of a/anA) arrest.B) detention.C) affidavit.D) charging.Ans:BPage ref:216. A judicial order commanding a person to whom it is issued or some other person to bring a

Criminal Investigation 11th Edition Test Bank - Page 13 preview image

Loading page ...

person promptly before a court to answer a criminal charge is a/anA) arrest warrant.B) affidavit.C) court order.D) any of the above.Ans:APage ref:22-237. A written statement of the information known to the officer that serves as the basis for theissuance of a warrant is a/anA) arrest warrant.B) affidavit.C) court order.D) any of the preceding.Ans:BPage ref:238. Which of the following is not usually required to be in the contents of a valid arrest warrant?A) the authority under which the warrant is issuedB) the identity of the person to be arrestedC) the designation of the offenseD) the authority to search the person arrestedAns:DPage ref:239. A John Doe warrant is validA) if a crime has been committed.B) if there is a particular description of the perpetrator but the person’s name is not known.C) in all cases.D) only at the federal level.Ans:BPage ref:2310. Suspicion plus facts and circumstances which would lead a reasonable person, exercisingordinary caution, under the same circumstances to believe that a crime has been, is being, or isabout to be committed is a definition ofA) in-presence arrest.B) probable cause.C) investigative detention.D) the requirements of an arrest warrant.Ans:BPage ref:2411. Which of the following can be used to establish probable cause?A) personal observations and knowledge of the investigator.B) suspicion.

Criminal Investigation 11th Edition Test Bank - Page 14 preview image

Loading page ...

C) crime rates.D) occupation of the suspect.Ans:APage ref:24-2512. Until 1914, federal law enforcement officers, conducting an illegal search that producedincriminating evidence, were allowed to use that evidence in court. What happened that changedthe use of illegal evidence by federal officers?A) The president of the United States signed an order prohibiting its use.B) J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the FBI, signed an executive order prohibiting the use ofillegally obtained evidence.C)Mapp v. Ohioforbids the use of illegally evidence by federal officers.D)Weeks v. United Statesforbids the use of illegally obtained evidence by federal officers.Ans:DPage ref:2513. Circumventing the intent ofWeeks v. U.S., whereby federal officers received illegallyobtained evidence from state officers and used it in federal court was referred to asA) fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine.B) unreasonable search doctrine.C) silver platter doctrine.D) None of the preceding.Ans:CPage ref:2514. Which of the following cases established the rule that any evidence unreasonably searchedand seized could no longer be admissible in any court?A)Weeks v. Ohio.B)Roe v. Wade.C)Mapp v. Ohio.D)Gideon v. Wainwright.Ans:CPage ref:2615. Which of the following is not an exception to the legal requirement of having a warrant toconduct a search and seizure?A) with consent.B) incident to an unlawful arrest.C) when exigent circumstances exist.D) to conduct an inventory.Ans:BPage ref:2616. What burden of proof is required to obtain a search warrant?A) Reasonable suspicion.B) Probable cause.

Criminal Investigation 11th Edition Test Bank - Page 15 preview image

Loading page ...

C) Preponderance of the evidence.D) Proof beyond a reasonable doubt.Ans.BPage ref:2617. Which Supreme Court case held that officers executing a search warrant of a house actedreasonably by detaining the occupants of the house in handcuffs during the search?A)Hudson v. Michigan.B)Mapp v. Ohio.C)Terry v. Ohio.D)Muehler v. Mena.Ans:DPage ref:2818. Incriminating evidence is found during a consent search. What is the primary factor of thesearch that the court will look at in deciding whether evidence may be admitted?A) Was a consent to search form completed by the suspect and witnessed?B) Was the consent to search voluntarily given?C) Was the suspect able to observe the search when the evidence was found?D) Was the suspect under the influence of alcohol or drugs?Ans:BPage ref:2819. Which Supreme Court Case established the “moveable vehicle” rule?A)Carroll v. United States.B)Chambers v. Maroney.C)Maryland v. Dyson.D)Chimel v. California.Ans:APage ref:3020. What term is used to recognize that a warrantless entry by law enforcement officials may belegal when there is a compelling need for official action and no time to get a warrant?A) Emerging situational need.B) Emergency situational requirement.C) Exigent circumstances.D) Emergency exigent circumstances.Ans:CPage ref:3121. Which of the following isnota requirement for a plain view search to be legal?A) Officer is where he has a legal right to be.B) Evidence is in plain view.C) Evidence is inadvertently discovered.D) Evidence is found after a limited search.Ans:D

Criminal Investigation 11th Edition Test Bank - Page 16 preview image

Loading page ...

Page ref:3222. The landmark Supreme Court ruling that allows stop and frisk procedures isA)Miranda v.Arizona.B)Terry v. Ohio.C)Mapp v. Ohio.D)Escobedo v. Day.Ans:BPage ref:33-3423. According to the courts, any new evidence seized resulting from unreasonably seizedevidence is also tainted and is not admissible in court. This is based on theA) bad evidence doctrine.B) fruits of the poisonous tree doctrine.C) illegal seizure doctrine.D) unreasonable search doctrine.Ans:BPage ref:3424. InMinnesota v. Dickerson, why was the defendant not convicted?A) Officer felt a substance in suspect’s pocket, subsequently determined to be cocaine, during apat down and manipulated it to determine what it was.B) Defendant pled guilty before trial.C) Judge declared a mistrial.D) The charges were dropped by the prosecutor before trial.Ans:APage ref:3425. Evidence obtained from an unreasonable search and seizure cannot be used as the basis forlearning about or collecting new admissible evidence not known about before is theA) bad evidence doctrine.B) fruits of the poisonous tree doctrine.C) illegal seizure doctrine.D) unreasonable search doctrine.Ans:BPage ref:34True/False Questions26. Procedural law deals with processes of arrest, search and seizure, interrogations, confessions,admissibility of evidence and testifying in court and therefore changes less frequently than doessubstantive law.Ans:FalsePage ref:1827. Final ratification of the Constitution of the United States was delayed because some states

Preview Mode

This document has 233 pages. Sign in to access the full document!

Report

Study Now!

Document Details

Related Documents

Criminal Investigation 9th Edition Test Bank

Criminal Justice - The Juvenile Justice System

Criminal Justice - The Criminal Justice System

Criminal Justice - Sentencing

Criminal Justice - Prosecutors

Criminal Justice - Prisons and Prisoners' Rights

Criminal Justice - Police Problems

Criminal Justice - Police Powers and Citizens' Rig

Criminal Justice - Police Function

Criminal Justice - Development of the American Pol

Company

Explore

Study Tools