Criminal Investigation Third Edition Test Bank

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Brandl,CriminalInvestigations3rd EditionInstructorResource1.IntheUnabomberinvestigation,whichofthefollowingprovedtobevaluableinidentifyingTedKaczynskiastheperpetrator?a.Thereferencetowoodb.TheinitialsFCc.The"callNathanR"noted.Thesocialsecuritynumber*e.noneoftheabove2.Themostcommonactivitiesperformedininvestigationsare:a.Searchingforwitnessesandvictimsb.Interviewingwitnessesandvictimsc.Readingandwritingreports*d.Alloftheabove3.Stings,decoys,undercoverfencingoperations,andstakeoutsaretypesof:*a.Undercoverinvestigationsb.Reactiveinvestigationsc.Initialinvestigationsd.Follow-upinvestigations4.Accordingtotheinformationtheoryasitappliestothecriminalinvestigationprocess:a.Computertechnologymustbeincorporatedintocriminalinvestigations*b.Thecriminalinvestigationprocessresemblesabattlebetweenthepoliceandtheperpetratorovercrime-relatedinformationc.Allstatementsmadetothemediaconcerningongoinginvestigationsshouldcomefromonedesignatedpoliceofficiald.Acasescreeningmodelshouldbeusedintheinvestigationprocessinorderfortheconsiderationofirrelevantcaseinformation5.Whatfactorshelpexplainwhythepolicesolveso"few"crimes?a.Thestructureofmostcrimesb.Thenatureofthepoliceresponse(reactive)c.Policepowerslimitedbylaw

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*d.Alloftheabovee.Noneoftheabove6.Whatistheprocessofcollectingcrime-relatedinformationinordertoreachcertaingoals?a.Reactiveprocessb.Proactiveprocess*c.Criminalinvestigationd.Casescreening7.Wheninvestigatingcrimeslikehomicide,robbery,andrape,whattypeofinvestigationistypicallybeingconducted?a.Stingb.Proactive*c.Reactived.Forensic8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTastagetoreactivecriminalinvestigations?a.Thediscoveryofthecrimeandthepoliceresponseb.Thepreliminaryorinitialinvestigationc.Thefollow-upinvestigationd.Closureofthecase*e.Theadjudicationofthedefendant9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanundercoverstrategy?a.Stingb.Surveillance*c.Frontoperationd.Decoy10.Anexampleofamentalmistakemadeinaninvestigationis:a.Confirmationbiasb.Theexistenceofcoincidencesc.Investigatorsputtingtoomuchtrustinunreliableevidenced.Thedifficultyofchangingone'smindonceit'sbeenmade*e.Alloftheabove11.Whatmakesagoodinvestigator?a.Commonsenseb.Integrityc.Goodstreetknowledge

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d.Goodcommunicationskills*e.Alloftheabove12.Whydocasesdropoutastheyprogressthroughthecriminaljusticesystem?a.Somecrimesarenotreportedtothepoliceb.Somecrimesarenotapolicematterc.Somecrimesarenotsolvedbythepoliced.AandB*e.AandC13.Whataresolvabilityfactors?a.Therequirementsneededtosolveacase*b.Theparticularsofacasethatincreasethelikelihoodofthatcasebeingsolvedc.Theparticularsofacasethatneedtobepresentedincourtd.Therequirementsneededtoinitiateaninvestigationofacase14.Whatistheultimategoalofthecriminalinvestigationprocess?*a.Toreducecrimeb.Tosolveacrimec.Toconvictaperpetratord.Tosatisfythevictim15.Inwhatsituationcanafollow-upinvestigationbeconducted?*a.Acasenotsolvedduringtheinitialinvestigationthatwasscreenedforsolvabilityfactorsb.Acasewherequestionablepoliceactionsoccurredduringtheinitialinvestigationc.Acasesolvedintheinitialinvestigationbutthevictimwasnotsatisfiedwithitsresultsd.Alloftheabovee.Noneoftheabove16.Whatarethefactorspolicesupervisorsconsiderwhenmakingthescreeningdecision?a.Theseriousnessofthecrimeb.Theevidenceavailablec.Thenumberofoffensescommittedbytheperpetrator*d.AandBe.AandC17.Adecoyis:

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a.Themonitoringofapersonandtheactivitiesinwhichtheyparticipateb.Compellingapersontocommitacrimethatheorshewasnotpredisposedtocommitting*c.Whenaninvestigatorpresentsanopportunitytoattractanoffendertocommitacrimed.Whenaninvestigatorposesassomeonewillingtoparticipateinanillicittransaction18.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutconfirmationbias?a.Thetendencyofpeopletopaythemostattentiontoinformationthatconfirmswhattheyalreadybelievetobetrueb.Apotentialmentalerrororpitfallmadebyinvestigators*c.Whenallevidenceconfirmstheguiltofapersond.Thetendencyofpeopletopaylittleattentiontoinformationthatiscontrarytowhattheyalreadybelievetobetrue19.Howcaninvestigatorsavoidmentalerrorsorpitfalls?a.Keepanopenmindaboutthepossibilitiesofthecrimeandwhocommitteditb.Avoidgettingpersonallyinvestedinatheoryaboutthecrimec.Bereceptivetocompetingideasandevidence*d.Alloftheabovee.Noneoftheabove20.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTapartoftheUnabomber'smodusoperandi?a.Thebombswerecontainedinawoodenboxb.Thetargetswereconsistentlyuniversityprofessors,airlines,andcomputertechnologyfirms*c.Thebombsweretypicallyhanddeliveredbythebomberd.Theuseorreferencetowood21.Acriminalinvestigationinvolves:a.Accidentaldiscoveriesb.Thecollectionofevidencec.Decisionmakingandjudgments*d.Alloftheabovee.Noneoftheabove22.Previouslawenforcementexperiencemakesforagoodinvestigator.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthetraitsmentionedinthebook?a.Excellentcommunicationskills

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b.Excellentreadingandwritingskills*c.Excellentcomputerskillsd.Excellentknowledgeofthelaw23.Whatisthespecializedfunctionofthepolice?a.Topunishperpetratorsb.Todeterminetheguiltofaperpetrator*c.Toidentifyandapprehendperpetratorsd.Noneoftheabove24.Accordingtothetext,whydopeopleNOTreportcrimes?a."Personalorprivatematter"b."Notimportantenough"c."Don'ttrustthepolice"*d.AandBe.AandC25.WhatcasesarecommonlyNOTsolvedbythepoliceduetoalackofevidenceavailable?*a.Burglariesb.Homicidesc.Assaultsd.Alloftheabove26.Thefactthatthepoliceusuallyhavetoreacttothereportofacrimemayhelpexplaintheinabilityofthepolicetosolvemorecrimes.*a.Trueb.False27.Identifyingtheperpetratorisbasicallythesamethingasapprehendingtheperpetrator.a.True*b.False28.Luckandgoodfortunearerarelypresentinsuccessfulcriminalinvestigations.a.True*b.False

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29.Criminalevidencecanalsobethoughtofascrime-relatedinformation.*a.Trueb.False30.Accordingtotheentrapmenttheory,thecriminalinvestigationprocessresemblesabattlebetweenthepoliceandtheperpetratorovercrime-relatedinformation.a.True*b.False31.Allcriminalevidencedependsonscientificanalysisinordertobemeaningfulanduseful.a.True*b.False32.Forensicsciencereferstothefieldofscientificstudythataddresseslegalquestions.*a.Trueb.False33.Thesourceofallevidenceistheperpetrator,accordingtotheinformationtheory.*a.Trueb.False34.Itisuncommonforinvestigatorsofonecrimetodiscoverinformationleadingtoanothercasebeingsolved.a.True*b.False35.CSIaccuratelyportraystherealityofcriminalinvestigations.a.True*b.FalseTypeE:36.ExplainhowTedKaczynskiwasidentifiedbyauthoritiesastheUnabomber.CorrectAnswer:

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A lot of evidence was collected over the course of the investigation, such as the use and referencetowood, the engraved lettersFC, eyewitness information leading to a composite sketch of thebomber, a social security number, and the “call Nathan R” note, but none of it led to the identityof the person responsible. The bomber’s own agenda and ego led him to persuade theNew YorkTimesto publish his manifesto. Ted’s brother recognized the ideas written in the manifesto andthe language used as his brother’s and contacted authorities.37.Identifyanddiscussthethreepotentialproblemswithevidenceincriminalinvestigations.CorrectAnswer:Investigators may not know the relevance of the information at the time of collection or if it iseven related to the case at hand. Also, the police may be overwhelmed with too much informationthat they cannot adequately collect, manage, and follow-up on every tip. Lastly, the evidenceobtained may not be accurate, like with eyewitness identifications that are persuasive yetproblematic.38.Identifyanddiscussthethreegoalsassociatedwiththecriminalinvestigationprocess.CorrectAnswer:The three goals associated with the criminal investigation process are to solve the crime, toprovide evidence in support of a conviction in court, and to provide a level of service to satisfythe victim(s). Students should explain what is needed to solve a crime (crime occurrence,identified perpetrator, and apprehended perpetrator). Students should also note the police’sresponsibility to obtain evidence to present to the prosecutor. Lastly, students should explain theimportance of public perceptions of the police in discussing the last goal of the criminalinvestigation process.39.Inordertosolveacrime,whatobjectivesneedtobemet?CorrectAnswer:In order to solve a crime, investigators must determine that a crime occurred, identify aperpetrator, and apprehend that perpetrator.40.Explainwhycriminalinvestigationissocriticaltothefunctioningoftheentirecriminaljusticesystem.CorrectAnswer:All three parts of the criminal justice system (police, courts, and corrections) work to reducecrime through incapacitation or deterrence, but each also has its own specialized function. If oneis not functioning properly, than the rest of the system cannot do its job. As criminal investigationis so early in the process, it is critical that the police identify and apprehend perpetrators, so thecourts can adjudicate and corrections can punish.41.Explainwhylawenforcementagenciesdonotsolvemorecrimesthantheydo.Whatcouldbedonetoimprovepolicesuccessinthisregard?

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CorrectAnswer:Law enforcement solves so “few” crimes because of the nature and structure of the crimes, thereactive nature of the police, the police’s responsibility of following laws when collectingevidence, resource constraints under which the police must operate, and the mistakes made byinvestigators that can cause offenders to get away with their crimes. Students must provide somesuggestions to improve police success such as increasing the use of proactive strategies topolicing or allocating resources in such a way that they go to proven effective crime-solvingtools.

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Brandl,CriminalInvestigations3rd EditionInstructorResource1.CriticalevidenceintheLindberghbabykidnappingthatledtothecrimebeingsolvedwas:a.ThestatementofVioletSharpe,theLindbergh'smaidb.Evidencefoundonthebaby'spajamas*c.Theserialnumberona$10bill,identifiedasaransombilld.FingerprintslocatedonawindowsilloftheLindbergh'shouse2.Parliamentaryrewardoperatedinthe:a.1200s*b.1700sandearly1800sc.Early1900sd.Present3.Oneoftheproblemswiththethieftakersystemwasthat:a.Thieftakerswereneverusedbyvictimsb.Thieftakerstrickedpeopleintocommittingcrimesc.Thieftakersreliedonothermembersofthegrouptoidentifycriminals*d.Thieftakersoftenworkedincooperationwiththieves4.TheLondonMetropolitanPoliceDepartmentwasestablishedinthe:a.1600sb.1700s*c.1800sd.1900s5.Thenecessityofdetectivesreceivingsalarieswashighlightedbecauseofproblemsassociatedwith:a.Informers*b.Thethieftakersystemc.Thethief-makersystem6.Withregardtothethieftakersystem,whichofthefollowingistrue?*a.Athieftakerwasaprivatesystem

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b.Athieftakerwasusuallyathiefc.Everyonebenefitedequallyinthissystem,includingthevictimd.Allcrimeswereinvestigatedequallywithinthethieftakersystem7.Thenecessityofhavingdetectivesworkcaseswashighlightedbecauseofproblemsassociatedwith:a.InformersandParliamentaryrewardb.Thethieftakersystem*c.Thethief-makersystem8.Makingdetectivesreactiveandassigningthemtocasesreducedthelikelihoodthat:*a.Detectivescouldtrickpeopleintocommittingcrimesb.Detectivescouldconductillegalsearchesc.Detectiveswouldsolvetoomanycrimes9.Themid-1800stotheearly1900sinAmericanpolicinghasbeencharacterizedasthe:*a.Politicaleraofpolicingb.Reformeraofpolicingc.Communityproblem-solvingeraofpolicingd.Themoderneraofpolicing10.Amongthelimitationsofphotographyasamethodofcriminalidentificationwasthat:a.Criminalscouldeasilyaltertheirappearanceb.Inordertobeuseful,authoritiesneededtohaveaphotographofthewantedperson*c.Bothoftheaboved.Noneoftheabove11.Thepremiseof__________wasthatthebonestructuresofanadultdidnotchangeoverthecourseofalifetime.a.Brundageb.Watchcomzulec.Windage*d.Bertillonage12.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotrelatetothepoliticaleraofpolicing?

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a.Thedragnetroundupofsuspectsb.Thethirddegreec.Bertillonage*d.Fingerprinting13.Whateraofpolicingusedinvestigativetacticslikethedragnetroundupofsuspectsandthethirddegree?*a.Politicaleraofpolicingb.Reformeraofpolicingc.Communityproblem-solvingeraofpolicing14.Whyishistoryimportant?a.Understandinghistoryallowsforanappreciationofhowthingshavechangedovertimeb.Thepresentistheproductofthepastc.Thosewhodonotrememberthepastarecondemnedtorepeatitd.Itispossibletopredictthefuturebyknowingthepast*e.Alloftheabove15.Whatkindofbehaviorswereassociatedwiththethirddegree?a.Beatingwitharubberhouseb.Placingasuspectinasweatboxforhoursandhoursunderconstantquestioningc.Drillingteethd.Burningwithlitcigarsorcigarettes*e.Alloftheabove16.Whatledtothecreationofstatepoliceagencies?a.Automobilesb.Ineffectivelocalpolicedepartmentsc.Theneedforlawenforcementinlesspopulated,ruralareas*d.Alloftheabovee.Noneoftheabove17.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheFBI?*a.TheFBIwascreatedbyJ.EdgarHooverin1908b.TheFBIwasinitiallyplaguedwithscandalsbutlatergrewtobeaprominentlawenforcementagencyc.TheFBIisresponsibleforcounterintelligenceandantiradicalinvestigationsd.TheFBIisresponsibleforkidnappings

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18.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthereformeraofpolicing?a.Thiseratookplacefromtheearly1900stothe1960sb.Thiseraenforcedpoliceprofessionalism*c.Thecommunitywasinvaluabletothepolice'seffectivenessd.Detectiveswereefficientcrimesolvers19.Whatarethestrategiesmentionedinthetextbookthatprovideopportunitiesforresidentstoshareinformationwiththepoliceinsolvingcrimes?a.Tiplinesb.Schoolliaisonofficersc.Policeinvolvementincommunitywatchgroups*d.Alloftheabove20.Whatarethedevelopmentsincriminalinvestigationthathaveoccurredduringthecommunityproblem-solvingeraofpolicing?a.DNAanalysisasamethodofidentificationb.Largecomputernetworksanddatabanksc.COMPSTATd.Empiricalresearchonthecriminalinvestigationprocess*e.Alloftheabove21.A_________wasacollectionofphotographsusedforthepurposeofcriminalidentification.*a.Rougesgalleryb.Bertillonagec.Dragnetd.ThirdDegree22.Roundinguptheusualsuspectsoftentooktheformof,orwasalsoknownas,a:a.Roguesgalleryb.Bertillonage*c.Dragnetd.Thirddegree23.ToaddresstheproblemsrelatingtoParliamentaryreward,earlydetectiveswerelinkedtothecrimeof:a.Rapeb.Kidnapping*c.Murderd.Publicdrunkenness

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24.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamethodofidentificationmentionedinthischapter?*a.Voicerecognitionb.Photographyc.DNAd.Fingerprintse.BertillonageTypeF:25.A(n)_________wasanindividualwhotrickedanotherpersonintocommittingacrimeandthenwouldturnthatpersoninforaParliamentaryreward.a.Informerb.Thieftaker*c.Thiefmaker26.WiththesystemoftheParliamentaryreward,arewardwasofferedbythegovernmenttoanyonewhoprovidedinformationthatledtotheapprehensionofcriminals.*a.Trueb.False27.Thieftakersmostoftenworkedonbehalfoftherich,notthepoor.*a.Trueb.False28.InEngland,theroleandpositionoftheplainclothesdetectivewasimmediatelywelcomedbythepublic.a.True*b.False29.AtthetimeoftheratificationoftheU.S.Constitution,thepolicingfunctionwasalmostexclusivelyaresponsibilityofthefederalgovernment.a.True*b.False30.Inthepoliticaleraofpolicing,detectivesplayedalargeandsignificantroleincrimefighting.

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a.True*b.False31.ThefirstidentificationsystemusedinAmericaforcriminalinvestigationpurposeswasfingerprinting.a.True*b.False32.Oneoftheprimaryadvantagesofprivatedetectivefirmsofthemidtolate1800s(suchasPinkerton's)wasthattheyoperatedwithoutconcernforpoliticaljurisdictionallines.*a.Trueb.False33.Thesystemofpolicingfromtheearly1900stothe1960swasknownasthereformera.*a.Trueb.False34.Acornerstoneofcommunitypolicingisthatthepolicearetheexpertsandthemosteffectivewithoutinvolvementofcitizensincriminalinvestigationsorothermatters.a.True*b.False35.BecauseoftheLindberghbabykidnapping,kidnappingbecameafederaloffenseandunderFBIjurisdiction.*a.Trueb.False36.DefinethesystemsofParliamentaryreward,thieftakers,andthiefmakers.Whatproblemsresultedfromeachofthesesystems?CorrectAnswer:StudentsshouldexplainthataParliamentaryrewardisarewardofferedbythegovernmenttoanyonewhoapprehendsacriminal.Theyshouldalsonotethatthissystemwasproblematicbecausepeoplewereunsupportiveofboththelegalsystemandtheinformersduetoharshsentencingatthetime.Studentsshouldthendescribeathieftakerasacitizenhiredbyavictimtoapprehendacriminalorreturnstolenproperty.Theinherentproblemofthieftakersbeingcorruptandworkingonlyforthepoorshouldbementioned.Lastly,studentsshoulddescribethiefmakersasindividualscoercingortrickinganotherpersonintocommittingacrimeaswellastheobviousproblemsassociatedwiththat.

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37.Inconstructingthepositionofdetective,howweretheproblemsofParliamentaryreward,thieftakers,andthiefmakersaddressed?CorrectAnswer:Inorderforadetectivetogainsupportfromthepublic,thepositionofthedetectivehadtobeonlyforthemostseriousofcrimes.Thedetectivepositionwassalaried,providingnoincentivetoworkforoneclientoveranother.Toovercometheproblemsinherenttothethiefmaker,detectivesweremadetobereactivetocrime.38.Describetheroleandfunctionofdetectivesduringthepoliticaleraofpolicing.CorrectAnswer:Studentsshouldfirstmentionthatdetectivesdidnotprovidealargeroleduringthepoliticaleraofpolicing.Theyshouldthenexplainthatdetectivesreceivedmostoftheirinformationthroughtheirfamiliaritywithcriminalsbecausemanydetectiveswerereformedcriminalsthemselvesorprisonguards.Theyoftenworedisguises,evenincourt,becauseofthesensitivenatureoftheirwork.39.DescribetheidentificationsystemknownasBertillonage,andidentifyitsstrengthsandweaknesses.CorrectAnswer:Bertillonagewasanidentificationsystemthatidentifiedapersonby11measurementsofthebody.Itisbasedonthepremisethatthebonestructureofapersonisuniquetothatpersonandremainsconstant,evenasthatpersonages.Itwasinitiallysuccessfulasanimprovementovertheuseofphotographs;however,itwastooimpracticalanderrorprone.40.Whatcircumstancesledtothetransitionfromthereformeraofpolicingtothecommunityproblem-solvingeraofpolicing?CorrectAnswer:Studentsshoulddescribethecultureofthe1960sinrelationtolawenforcement,suchasthegrowingriotsandprotestsduetotheVietnamWarandtheCivilRightsMovement,aswellasthelackofsupportofthepoliceandpolicelegitimacy.AssassinationsandSupremeCourtdecisionsthat"handcuffed"thepolicewerealsomakingthepolice'sjobharder.Duringthistime,crimeratesweredoubling,andthepoliceneededadifferentstrategy.

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