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JADM250 Midterm Exam: Research Methods and Ethical Considerations in Criminal Justice

This midterm exam focuses on research methods and ethical considerations in criminal justice.

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    JADM250 Midterm Exam: Research Methods and Ethical Considerations in Criminal Justice Devry JADM250 midterm exam Question 1.1. (TCO 1) The idea that knowledge generates power, and conversely, power generates knowledge, is called __________________. (Points : 4) the power continuum the corruption of power the knowledge/power dynamic circular reasoning none of the above Question 2.2. (TCO 1) What is the primary source of information on criminal victimization in the United States? (Points : 4) The Federal Bureau of Investigation The National Crime Victimization Survey The American Victimization Association The National Department of Victims of Crime The Department of Victimization Question 3.3. (TCO 1) Nonreactive research is _____________. (Points : 4) a method that involves the collection and reanalysis of existing quantitative data a nonreactive method used to examine the content, or information and symbols, contained in written documents or other communication media the unobtrusive collection of data that have usually been left behind by others a method that uses a written questionnaire or formal interview to gather quantitative data on the backgrounds, behaviors, beliefs, or attitudes of a large number of people or agencies a method in which the researcher engages the natural environment of their subjects and strives for an up close, personal, and highly detailed understanding of the research subject's culture

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    Question 4.4. (TCO 1) A method in which the researcher engages the natural environment of their subjects and strives for an up close, personal, and highly detailed understanding of the research subject's culture is called _________________. (Points : 4) survey research experimentation ethnographic field research nonreactive research content analysis Question 5.5. (TCO 1) Authority knowledge is ______________. (Points : 4) a basis of knowledge in which we rely on what someone in a position of authority says a basis of knowledge in which we accept something as being true because of a long - running custom or belief a basis of knowledge in which we rely on commonly accepted, ordinary reasoning a basis of knowledge in which we rely on the media’s construction of the truth, which often relies on claims made by politicians and government officials a basis of knowledge in which we rely on our own lived experiences Question 6.6. (TCO 1) The premature closure effect is _______________. (Points : 4) statements that go far beyond what can be justified based on the data or empirical observations that one has making observations in a way that simply reinforces preexisting thinking, rather than attempting to observe in a balanced and critical manner making a judgment or reaching a decision and ending in an investigation, before one has the amount or depth of evidence required by scientific standards allowing the prior reputation of persons, places, or things to color one’s evaluations, rather than attempting to evaluate in a neutral, equal manner Question 7.7. (TCO 1) Making observations in a way that simply reinforces preexisting thinking, rather than attempting to observe in a balanced and critical manner is called _________ . (Points : 4) halo effect premature closure

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    selective observation overgeneralization Question 8.8. (TCO 1) The word data means ________________. (Points : 4) the empirical evidence or information that one gathers carefully according to rules or procedures. a system of interconnected ideas that condenses and organizes knowledge for purposes of understanding and/or explanation observations that people experience through the senses — touch, sight, hearing, smell, and taste the scientific norm that says research should be judged only on the basis of scientific merit Question 9.9. (TCO 1) A cohort study... (Points : 4) examines the same people over time with check - up points examines different people at multiple times examines a group of people at once examines a different group of people with similar characteristics over time examines a group of people over time Question 10.10. (TCO 1) Positivists’ social science is _____________________. (Points : 4) a critical process of inquiry that generates liberating knowledge so as to reveal structural and cultural inhibiting forces in an attempt to help people change their living conditions and build a better world for themselves. an approach to research that emphasizes the systematic analysis and detailed study of people and text in order to arrive at understandings and interpretations of how people construct and maintain meaning within their social worlds a method for combining deductive logic with precise empirical observations in order to discover and confirm a set or probabilistic causal laws that can be used to predict general patterns of human activity a philosophical position that views reality and causal processes as fairly straightforward and determinable through scientific observation Question 11.11. (TCO 1) Interpretive social science (ISS) can be traced to German sociologist ______. (Points : 4) Auguste Comte Sigmund Freud Sir Karl Popper

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    Karl Marx Max Weber Question 12.12. (TCO 1) Critical social science is ____________________. (Points : 4) a critical process of inquiry that generates liberating knowledge so as to reveal structural and cultural inhibiting forces in an attempt to help people change their living conditions and build a better world for themselves an approach to research that emphasizes the systematic analysis and detailed study of people and text in order to arrive at understandings and interpretations of how people construct and maintain meaning within their social worlds a method for combining deductive logic with precise empirical observations in order to discover and confirm a set or probabilistic causal laws that can be used to predict general patterns of human activity a philosophical position that views reality and causal processes as fairly straightforward and determinable through scientific observation Question 13.13. (TCO 1) Ways of thinking that are constructed by powerful forces in society that are false and act against our best interests are called ______. (Points : 4) praxis reification false consciousness dialectic relationship bounded autonomy Question 14.14. (TCO 1) An empirically testable version of a theoretical proposition that has not yet been tested or verified with empirical evidence. It is most often used in deductive theorizing. (Points : 4) hypothesis proposition theory typology concept

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    Question 15.15. (TCO 1) A _____________________ is a type of theoretical explanation about why events occur and how things work expressed by outlining an overall structure and emphasizing locations, interdependences, distances, or relations among positions in that structure. (Points : 4) positive social science explanation causal - structural explanation interpretive explanation consensus explanation conflict social science explanation Question 16.16. (TCO 2) Fraud that occurs when a researcher steals the ideas or writings of another or uses them without citing the source is called ___________. (Points : 4) loss of objectivity scientific irresponsibility research fraud scientific misconduct plagiarism Question 17.17. (TCO 2) A famous research study in which the researcher observed men engaging in sexual acts in a public bathroom, and then tracked them down a year later to conduct covert interviews, is called _______________. (Points : 4) Zimbardo Prison Experiment The Attica Study Humphrey’s “tearoom trade” Stanley Milgram’s Experiment Van Maanen Study Question 18.18. (TCO 2) A statement, usually written, that explains aspects of a study to participants and asks for their voluntary agreement to participate before the study begins is called ________. (Points : 4) freedom of choice free will document permission slip voluntary consent

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