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Probation, Parole, and Community-Based Corrections: Supervision, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Practices (Connect, Learn, Succeed) 1st Edition Test Bank

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    1 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Which one of the following does not belong? A. Community corrections centralizes authority from local to state levels B. Citizen participate in community corrections program planning, design, implementation, and evaluation C. Community corrections redefines the population of offenders for whom incarceration is most appropriate. D. Community corrections emphasizes rehabilitation through community programs. 2. Which criminal justice alliance with the community provides continuity in representation of indigent defendants and helps them with personal and family problems? A. community policing B. community - based prosecution C. community - based defender services D. community courts 3. Which criminal justice alliance with the community says that these lawyers have a responsibility not only to prosecute cases but to solve public safety problems? A. community policing B. community - based prosecution C. community - based defender services D. community courts 4. Which one of the following statements does not apply to evidence - based corrections (EBC)? A. EBC has a definable outcome. B. The outcome is measurable. C. The outcome is defined according to practical realities. D. Once evidence - based always evidence - based.

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    5. Criminal sentences that fall between standard probation and incarceration are called: A. intermittent sanctions B. intermediate sanctions C. indeterminate sanctions D. intercriminal sanctions 6. A form of community supervision with frequent contact between offenders and their supervision officers is referred to as: A. intermediate supervision probation (or parole) B. indeterminate supervision probation (or parole) C. intensive supervision probation (or parole) D. intermittent supervision probation (or parole) 7. Non - residential community correctional centers to which an offender reports either everyday or several times a week depending on the level of supervision and treatment required are referred to as: A. day reporting centers B. residential reporting centers C. halfway houses D. work release centers 8. This type of home confinement requires offenders to stay in their residence during specified hours. A. curfew B. home detention C. home incarceration D. home release 9. This type of home confinement requires offenders to stay home except for pre - approved activities such as work, education, or medical or religious purposes. A. curfew B. home detention C. home incarceration D. home release

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    10. This type of home confinement requires offenders to stay home at all times with limited exceptions such as medical or religious purposes. A. curfew B. home detention C. home incarceration D. home release 11. The periodic or continuous surveillance of an offender through electronic means such as an ankle bracelet, voice verification, or GPS is called: A. electric punishment B. e - punishment C. remote punishment D. remote location monitoring 12. A financial sanction that compensates victims for financial, physical, or emotional loss is a: A. reimbursement B. restitution C. recompense D. recognizance 13. This intermediate sanction is sometimes called a "fine of time." A. Community sanction B. community supervision C. community service D. community servitude 14. Structured and military - like intermediate sanctions that focus on discipline, physical labor, and education are: A. boot camps B. work camps C. prison camps D. intermediate sanction camps

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    15. Minimum - security residential facilities that provide convicted offenders with housing, treatment services, and access to community resources for employment and education are: A. non - residential intermediate sanctions B. residential intensive treatment centers C. non - residential community centers D. residential community centers 16. State laws that give economic grants to local communities to establish community corrections programs are called: A. community corrections acts B. community decentralized provisions C. community intermediate sanctions D. community intermittent sanction acts 17. The first state to adopt a CCA was: A. Massachusetts B. Minnesota C. Mississippi D. Montana 18. The theory of justice that states that everyone should get what they deserve is: A. restorative justice B. revenge justice C. retributive justice D. vengeance justice 19. The theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior is: A. restorative justice B. revenge justice C. retributive justice D. vengeance justice

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    20. This goal of retributive justice consists of forcing the offender to suffer the same or greater pain than that which was originally inflicted on the victim. A. revenge B. retribution C. just deserts D. deterrence 21. This goal of retributive justice claims that offenders are morally blameworthy and they must be punished. A. revenge B. retribution C. just deserts D. deterrence 22. A theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose because it restrains the individual offender is: A. individual deterrence B. specific deterrence C. personal deterrence D. general deterrence 23. A theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose because it restrains the population as a whole is: A. Individual deterrence B. specific deterrence C. personal deterrence D. general deterrence 24. A theory of justice that argues we should restrain offenders from committing additional crimes by isolating them is: A. deterrence B. revenge C. just deserts D. incapacitation

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    25. A theory of justice that says we should alter the attitudes and behaviors of offenders and change criminal lifestyles into law - abiding ones by using medical and psychological treatments and social - skills training is: A. deterrence B. restitution C. rehabilitation D. compensation 26. Which one of the following is not one of the four key values to a restorative justice approach? A. a restorative approach provides opportunities for victims, offenders and community members who want to meet to discuss the crime and its consequences B. a restorative approach provides opportunities for offenders to take steps to repair the harm they have caused C. a restorative approach provides opportunities for victims, offenders and community members who want to meet to discuss the crime as a violation of law and give primacy to punishing offenders D. a restorative approach provides opportunities for victims and offenders to once again become whole, contributing members of society 27. The number of Americans under correctional supervision is approximately: A. 4.3 million B. 5.3 million C. 6.3 million D. 7.3 million 28. Which one of the following is a key component of the Pew Center's policy framework for creating a national agenda for community corrections? A. impose swift and certain sanctions for violation B. impose swift and severe sanctions for violation C. delay pursuing violations until an offender has committed a new crime or a significant number of technical violations, at which point return to prison is likely D. treat all violations the same 29. The philosophy of community corrections embraces centralization of authority from local to state levels. True False

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    30. Community policing is a strategy of hearing criminal cases in the community that are most affected by the case and including that community in case disposition to address local problems. True False 31. Community courts is a strategy of harnessing the power of the justice system to hearing criminal cases in the community that are most affected by the case. True False 32. Evidence - based practices refers to the application of social scientific techniques to the study of everyday corrections procedures. True False 33. The traditional approach to offender supervision in the United States has emphasized evidence - based practices. True False 34. In evidence - based corrections probation and parole officers rely on their personal experience and instincts to determine the most effective interventions for their clients. True False 35. Evidence - based practices are dismissive of scientific knowledge, training, and expertise. True False 36. Researchers in the United States and Canada refer to evidence - based corrections as "correctional quackery." True False 37. Evidence - based practice is the opposite of "correctional quackery." True False 38. Evidence - based practices do not have to be implemented like the original approach in order to replicate their results. True False 39. Intermittent sanctions are criminal sentences that fall between standard probation and incarceration. True False

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    40. If a judge orders you to report to a non - residential community correctional centers either everyday or several times a week depending on the level of supervision and treatment required, you have been sentenced to a day reporting center. True False 41. If the judge orders you to stay in you residence during specified hours as part of your probation, you have been given a curfew. True False 42. If a condition of your probation requires you to stay home except for pre - approved activities such as work, education, or medical or religious purposes, you have been given home incarceration. True False 43. If a condition of your parole requires you to stay home at all times with limited exceptions such as medical or religious purposes, you are on home detention. True False 44. If a condition of your community supervision requires you to wear an ankle bracelet, you are under remote location monitoring. True False 45. "Fines" and "restitution" mean the same thing. True False 46. Fines are financial sanctions paid to the court; restitution may be made through the court, but goes to the victim. True False 47. Community service is sometimes called a "fine of time." True False 48. If the judge sentences an offender to a structured and military - like punishment that focuses on discipline, physical labor, and education, the offender has been sentenced to a boot camp. True False 49. Work release centers are a type of residential community centers. True False

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    50. Drug courts are more punitive than regular courts. True False 51. Only convicted offenders are given intermediate sanctions. True False 52. Offenders under jail supervision are not given intermediate sanctions. True False 53. Community corrections acts give economic grants to states to establish community corrections programs. True False 54. CCAs transfer some state functions to local communities. True False 55. The goal of CCAs in most states is to divert certain prison - bound offenders into local - , city - , or county - level programs. True False 56. The first state to adopt a CCA was Minnesota. True False 57. The majority of Minnesota's offenders are sentenced to prison. True False 58. Retributive justice is a theory of justice that states that everyone should get what they deserve. True False 59. Retributive justice is a theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior. True False 60. The goal of revenge usually consists of forcing the offender to suffer the same or greater pain than that which was originally inflicted on the victim. True False

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    61. Just deserts claims that offenders are morally blameworthy and they must be punished. True False 62. Specific deterrence is a theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose because it restrains the population as a whole. True False 63. Specific deterrence is a theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose because it restrains the individual offender. True False 64. Incapacitation is a theory of justice that argues that we should restrain offenders from committing additional crimes by isolating them. True False 65. Restitution is a structured effort to alter the attitudes and behaviors of offenders and change criminal lifestyles into law - abiding ones by using medical and psychological treatments and social - skills training. True False 66. Retributive justice goals define crime as a violation of law and give primacy to punishing offenders. True False 67. Retributive justice focuses on allowing offenders to make amends to their victims. True False 68. There are approximately 4.3 million Americans under correctional supervision. True False 69. The Pew Center's policy document on creating a national agenda for community corrections advocates separating offenders who are more likely to cause great harm from those who may cause relatively little harm. True False 70. ____________________ is a philosophy of correctional treatment that embraces decentralization of authority, citizen participation, redefinition of the population of offenders for whom incarceration is most appropriate, and emphasis on rehabilitation. ________________________________________

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    71. ____________________ is a law enforcement strategy to get residents involved in making their neighborhoods safer by focusing on crime prevention. ________________________________________ 72. ____________________ is a strategy founded on the idea that prosecutors have a responsibility not only to prosecute cases but to solve public safety problems. ________________________________________ 73. ____________________ is a strategy that provides continuity in representation of indigent defendants and helps them with personal and family problems that can lead to legal troubles. ________________________________________ 74. ____________________ is a strategy of hearing criminal cases in the community that are most affected by the case and including that community in case disposition to address local problems. ________________________________________ 75. ____________________ refers to the application of social scientific techniques to the study of everyday corrections procedures. ________________________________________ 76. The ____________________ approach to offender supervision in the United States emphasized individual accountability from offenders, and probation and parole officers were expected to rely on their personal experience and instincts to determine the most effective interventions for their clients. ________________________________________ 77. ____________________ are criminal sentences that fall between standard probation and incarceration. ________________________________________ 78. ____________________ are non - residential community correctional centers to which an offender reports either everyday or several times a week depending on the level of supervision and treatment required. ________________________________________ 79. ____________________ requires offenders to stay in their residence during specified hours. ________________________________________

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    80. ____________________ requires an offender to stay home except for pre - approved activities such as work, education, or medical or religious purposes. ________________________________________ 81. ____________________ requires offenders to stay home at all times with limited exceptions such as medical or religious purposes. ________________________________________ 82. The periodic or continuous surveillance of an offender through electronic means such as an ankle bracelet, voice verification, or GPS is called ___________________. ________________________________________ 83. A financial sanction that requires an offender to pay a specified amount of money to the court is a ___________________. ________________________________________ 84. Whereas fines paid by offenders go to the court, ____________________ goes to victims for damages. ________________________________________ 85. ____________________ is sometimes called a "fine of time." ________________________________________ 86. Structured and military - like intermediate sanctions that focus on discipline, physical labor, and education are ___________________. ________________________________________ 87. Minimum - security residential facilities that provide convicted offenders with housing, treatment services, and access to community resources for employment and education are called ___________________. ________________________________________ 88. ____________________ uses the power of the court to treat, sanction, and reward drug - addicted offenders with punishment more restrictive than regular probation but less severe than incarceration. ________________________________________

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    89. ____________________ are state laws that give economic grants to local communities to establish community corrections programs. ________________________________________ 90. The first state to adopt a CCA was ___________________. ________________________________________ 91. A theory of justice that states that everyone should get what they deserve is ___________________. ________________________________________ 92. A theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior is ___________________. ________________________________________ 93. A theory of justice that claims that offenders are morally blameworthy and they must be punished is ___________________. ________________________________________ 94. A theory of justice that claims that the offender should suffer the same or greater pain than that which was originally inflicted on the victim is ___________________. ________________________________________ 95. A theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose because it restrains the individual offender is ___________________. ________________________________________ 96. A theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose because it restrains the population as a whole is ___________________. ________________________________________ 97. A theory of justice that argues we should restrain offenders from committing additional crimes by isolating them is ___________________. ________________________________________ 98. A theory of justice that says we should alter the attitudes and behaviors of offenders and change criminal lifestyles into law - abiding ones by using medical and psychological treatments and social - skills training is ___________________. ________________________________________

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    99. The number of Americans under correctional supervision is approximately ___________________. ________________________________________ 100. The Pew Center together with leading policy makers, correctional practitioners, and researchers drafted the document Policy Framework to Strengthen Community Corrections to help create a national agenda for a stronger and more effective system of community - based corrections. The document details six key components. Name one. ___________________. ________________________________________

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    1 Key 1. Which one of the following does not belong? A. Community corrections centralizes authority from local to state levels B. Citizen participate in community corrections program planning, design, implementation, and evaluation C. Community corrections redefines the population of offenders for whom incarceration is most appropriate. D. Community corrections emphasizes rehabilitation through community programs. Bayens - Chapter 01 #1 2. Which criminal justice alliance with the community provides continuity in representation of indigent defendants and helps them with personal and family problems? A. community policing B. community - based prosecution C. community - based defender services D. community courts Bayens - Chapter 01 #2 3. Which criminal justice alliance with the community says that these lawyers have a responsibility not only to prosecute cases but to solve public safety problems? A. community policing B. community - based prosecution C. community - based defender services D. community courts Bayens - Chapter 01 #3 4. Which one of the following statements does not apply to evidence - based corrections (EBC)? A. EBC has a definable outcome. B. The outcome is measurable. C. The outcome is defined according to practical realities. D. Once evidence - based always evidence - based. Bayens - Chapter 01 #4

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