Probation, Parole, and Community-Based Corrections: Supervision, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Practices (Connect, Learn, Succeed) 1st Edition Test Bank

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1Student: ___________________________________________________________________________1.Which one of the following does not belong?A.Community corrections centralizes authority from local to state levelsB.Citizen participate incommunity corrections program planning, design, implementation, andevaluationC.Community corrections redefines the population of offenders for whom incarceration is mostappropriate.D.Community corrections emphasizes rehabilitation through community programs.2.Which criminal justice alliance with the community provides continuity in representation ofindigent defendants and helps them with personal and family problems?A.community policingB.community-based prosecutionC.community-based defender servicesD.community courts3.Which criminal justice alliance with the community says that these lawyers have a responsibilitynot only to prosecute cases but to solve public safety problems?A.communitypolicingB.community-based prosecutionC.community-based defender servicesD.community courts4.Which one of the following statements does not apply to evidence-based corrections (EBC)?A.EBC has a definable outcome.B.Theoutcome is measurable.C.The outcome is defined according to practical realities.D.Once evidence-based always evidence-based.

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5.Criminal sentences that fall between standard probation and incarceration are called:A.intermittent sanctionsB.intermediate sanctionsC.indeterminate sanctionsD.intercriminal sanctions6.A form of community supervision with frequent contact between offenders and their supervisionofficers is referred to as:A.intermediate supervision probation (or parole)B.indeterminate supervision probation (or parole)C.intensive supervision probation (or parole)D.intermittent supervision probation (or parole)7.Non-residential communitycorrectional centers to which an offender reports either everyday orseveral times a week depending on the level of supervision and treatment required are referred toas:A.day reporting centersB.residential reporting centersC.halfway housesD.work release centers8.This type of home confinement requires offenders to stay in their residence during specifiedhours.A.curfewB.home detentionC.home incarcerationD.home release9.This type ofhome confinement requires offenders to stay home except for pre-approved activitiessuch as work, education, or medical or religious purposes.A.curfewB.home detentionC.home incarcerationD.home release

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10.This type of home confinement requires offenders to stay home atalltimes with limitedexceptions such as medical or religious purposes.A.curfewB.home detentionC.home incarcerationD.home release11.The periodic orcontinuous surveillance of an offender through electronic means such as an anklebracelet, voice verification, or GPS is called:A.electric punishmentB.e-punishmentC.remote punishmentD.remote location monitoring12.Afinancial sanction that compensates victims for financial, physical, or emotional loss is a:A.reimbursementB.restitutionC.recompenseD.recognizance13.This intermediate sanction is sometimes called a "fine of time."A.Community sanctionB.community supervisionC.community serviceD.community servitude14.Structured and military-like intermediate sanctions that focus on discipline, physical labor, andeducation are:A.boot campsB.workcampsC.prison campsD.intermediate sanction camps

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15.Minimum-security residential facilities that provide convicted offenders with housing, treatmentservices, and access to community resources for employment and education are:A.non-residential intermediate sanctionsB.residential intensive treatment centersC.non-residential community centersD.residential community centers16.State laws that give economic grants to local communities to establishcommunity correctionsprograms are called:A.community corrections actsB.community decentralized provisionsC.community intermediate sanctionsD.community intermittent sanction acts17.The first state to adopt a CCA was:A.MassachusettsB.MinnesotaC.MississippiD.Montana18.The theory of justice that states that everyone should get what they deserve is:A.restorative justiceB.revenge justiceC.retributive justiceD.vengeancejustice19.The theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior is:A.restorative justiceB.revenge justiceC.retributive justiceD.vengeance justice

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20.This goal of retributive justiceconsists of forcing the offender to suffer the same or greater painthan that which was originally inflicted on the victim.A.revengeB.retributionC.just desertsD.deterrence21.This goal of retributive justice claims thatoffenders are morally blameworthy and they must bepunished.A.revengeB.retributionC.just desertsD.deterrence22.A theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose because it restrains theindividual offender is:A.individual deterrenceB.specific deterrenceC.personal deterrenceD.general deterrence23.A theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose because it restrains thepopulation as a whole is:A.Individual deterrenceB.specific deterrenceC.personal deterrenceD.general deterrence24.A theory of justice that argues we should restrain offenders from committing additional crimes byisolating them is:A.deterrenceB.revengeC.just desertsD.incapacitation

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25.A theory of justice that says we should alter the attitudes and behaviors of offenders and changecriminal lifestyles into law-abiding ones by usingmedical and psychological treatments andsocial-skills training is:A.deterrenceB.restitutionC.rehabilitationD.compensation26.Which one of the following is not one of the four key values to a restorative justiceapproach?A.a restorative approach provides opportunities for victims, offenders and community memberswho want to meet to discuss the crime and its consequencesB.a restorative approach provides opportunities for offenders to take steps torepair the harmthey have causedC.a restorative approach provides opportunities for victims, offenders and community memberswho want to meet to discuss the crime as a violation of law and give primacy to punishingoffendersD.a restorative approach provides opportunities for victims and offenders to once again becomewhole, contributing members of society27.The number of Americans under correctional supervision is approximately:A.4.3 millionB.5.3 millionC.6.3 millionD.7.3 million28.Which one of the following is a key component of the Pew Center's policy framework for creatinga national agenda for community corrections?A.impose swift and certain sanctions for violationB.impose swift andsevere sanctions for violationC.delay pursuing violations until an offender has committed a new crime or a significant numberof technical violations, at which point return to prison is likelyD.treat all violations the same29.Thephilosophy of community corrections embraces centralization of authority from local to statelevels.TrueFalse

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30.Community policing is a strategy of hearing criminal cases in the community that are mostaffected by the case and including that community in case disposition to address local problems.TrueFalse31.Community courts is a strategy of harnessing the power of the justice system to hearing criminalcases in the community that are most affected by the case.TrueFalse32.Evidence-based practices refers to the application of social scientific techniques to the study ofeveryday corrections procedures.TrueFalse33.The traditional approach to offender supervision in the United States has emphasized evidence-based practices.TrueFalse34.In evidence-based corrections probation and parole officers rely on their personal experience andinstincts to determine the most effective interventions for their clients.TrueFalse35.Evidence-based practices are dismissive of scientific knowledge, training, and expertise.TrueFalse36.Researchers in the United States and Canada refer to evidence-based corrections as"correctional quackery."TrueFalse37.Evidence-based practice is the opposite of "correctional quackery."TrueFalse38.Evidence-based practices do not have to be implemented like the original approach in order toreplicate their results.TrueFalse39.Intermittent sanctions are criminal sentences that fall between standard probation andincarceration.TrueFalse

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40.If a judge orders you to report to a non-residential community correctional centers either everydayor several times a weekdepending on the level of supervision and treatment required, you havebeen sentenced to a day reporting center.TrueFalse41.If the judge orders you to stay in you residence during specified hours as part of your probation,you have been given a curfew.TrueFalse42.If a condition of your probation requires you to stay home except for pre-approved activities suchas work, education, or medical or religious purposes, you have been given home incarceration.TrueFalse43.If a condition of your parole requires you to stay home atalltimes with limited exceptions such asmedical or religious purposes, you are on home detention.TrueFalse44.If a condition of your community supervision requires you to wear an ankle bracelet, you areunder remote location monitoring.TrueFalse45."Fines" and "restitution" mean the same thing.TrueFalse46.Fines are financial sanctions paid to the court; restitution may be made through the court, butgoes to thevictim.TrueFalse47.Community service is sometimes called a "fine of time."TrueFalse48.If the judge sentences an offender to a structured and military-like punishment that focuses ondiscipline, physical labor, and education, the offender has been sentenced to a boot camp.TrueFalse49.Work release centers are a type of residential community centers.TrueFalse

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50.Drug courts are more punitive than regular courts.TrueFalse51.Only convictedoffenders are given intermediate sanctions.TrueFalse52.Offenders under jail supervision are not given intermediate sanctions.TrueFalse53.Community corrections acts give economic grants to states to establish communitycorrectionsprograms.TrueFalse54.CCAs transfer some state functions to local communities.TrueFalse55.The goal of CCAs in most states is to divert certain prison-bound offenders into local-, city-, orcounty-level programs.TrueFalse56.The first state to adopt a CCA was Minnesota.TrueFalse57.The majority of Minnesota's offenders are sentenced to prison.TrueFalse58.Retributive justice is a theory of justice that states that everyone should getwhat they deserve.TrueFalse59.Retributive justice is a theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminalbehavior.TrueFalse60.The goal of revenge usually consists of forcing the offender to suffer thesame or greater painthan that which was originally inflicted on the victim.TrueFalse

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61.Just deserts claims that offenders are morally blameworthy and they must be punished.TrueFalse62.Specific deterrence is a theory ofjustice that argues that punishment serves a useful purposebecause it restrains the population as a whole.TrueFalse63.Specific deterrence is a theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purposebecause it restrains the individual offender.TrueFalse64.Incapacitation is a theory of justice that argues that we should restrain offenders from committingadditional crimes by isolating them.TrueFalse65.Restitution is a structured effort to alter the attitudes and behaviors of offenders and changecriminal lifestyles into law-abiding ones by using medical and psychological treatments andsocial-skills training.TrueFalse66.Retributive justice goals define crime as a violation of law and give primacy to punishingoffenders.TrueFalse67.Retributive justice focuses on allowing offenders to make amends to their victims.TrueFalse68.There are approximately 4.3 million Americans under correctional supervision.TrueFalse69.The Pew Center's policy document on creating a national agenda for community correctionsadvocates separating offenders who are more likely to cause great harm from those who maycause relatively little harm.TrueFalse70.____________________ is a philosophy of correctional treatment that embraces decentralizationof authority, citizen participation, redefinition of the population of offenders for whom incarcerationis most appropriate, and emphasis on rehabilitation.________________________________________

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71.____________________ is a law enforcement strategy to get residents involved in making theirneighborhoods safer by focusing on crime prevention.________________________________________72.____________________ is a strategy founded on the idea that prosecutors have a responsibilitynot only to prosecute cases but to solve public safety problems.________________________________________73.____________________ is a strategy that providescontinuity in representation of indigentdefendants and helps them with personal and family problems that can lead to legal troubles.________________________________________74.____________________ is a strategy of hearing criminal cases in the community that are mostaffected by the case and including that community in case disposition to address local problems.________________________________________75.____________________ refers to the application of social scientifictechniques to the study ofeveryday corrections procedures.________________________________________76.The ____________________ approach to offender supervision in the United States emphasizedindividual accountability from offenders, and probation and parole officers were expected to relyon their personal experience and instincts to determine the most effective interventions for theirclients.________________________________________77.____________________ are criminal sentences that fall between standard probation andincarceration.________________________________________78.____________________ are non-residential community correctional centers to which an offenderreports either everyday or several times a week depending onthe level of supervision andtreatment required.________________________________________79.____________________ requires offenders to stay in their residence during specified hours.________________________________________

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80.____________________ requires an offender to stay home except for pre-approved activitiessuch as work, education, or medical or religious purposes.________________________________________81.____________________ requires offenders to stay home atalltimes with limited exceptions suchas medical or religious purposes.________________________________________82.The periodic or continuous surveillance of an offender through electronic means such as an anklebracelet, voice verification, or GPS is called ___________________.________________________________________83.A financial sanction that requires an offender to pay a specified amount of money to the court is a___________________.________________________________________84.Whereas fines paid by offenders go to the court, ____________________ goes to victims fordamages.________________________________________85.____________________ is sometimes called a "fine of time."________________________________________86.Structured and military-like intermediate sanctions that focus on discipline, physical labor, andeducation are ___________________.________________________________________87.Minimum-security residential facilities that provide convicted offenders with housing, treatmentservices, and access to community resources for employment and education are called___________________.________________________________________88.____________________ uses the power of the court to treat,sanction, and reward drug-addictedoffenders with punishment more restrictive than regular probation but less severe thanincarceration.________________________________________

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89.____________________ are state laws that give economic grants tolocal communities toestablish community corrections programs.________________________________________90.The first state to adopt a CCA was ___________________.________________________________________91.A theory of justice that states that everyone should get what they deserve is___________________.________________________________________92.A theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior is___________________.________________________________________93.A theory of justice that claims that offenders are morally blameworthy and they must be punishedis ___________________.________________________________________94.A theory of justice that claims that the offender should suffer the same or greater pain than thatwhich was originally inflicted on the victim is ___________________.________________________________________95.A theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose because it restrains theindividual offender is ___________________.________________________________________96.A theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose because it restrains thepopulation as a whole is ___________________.________________________________________97.A theory of justice that argues we should restrain offenders from committing additional crimes byisolating them is ___________________.________________________________________98.A theory of justice that says we should alter the attitudes and behaviors of offenders and changecriminal lifestyles into law-abiding ones by using medical and psychological treatments andsocial-skills training is ___________________.________________________________________

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99.The number of Americans under correctional supervision is approximately___________________.________________________________________100.The Pew Center together with leading policy makers, correctional practitioners, and researchersdrafted the documentPolicy Framework to Strengthen Community Correctionsto help create anational agenda for a stronger and more effective system of community-based corrections. Thedocument details six key components. Name one. ___________________.________________________________________

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1Key1.Which one of the following does not belong?A.Community correctionscentralizes authority from local to state levelsB.Citizen participate in community corrections program planning, design, implementation, andevaluationC.Community corrections redefines the population of offenders for whomincarceration is mostappropriate.D.Community corrections emphasizes rehabilitation through community programs.Bayens-Chapter 01 #12.Which criminal justice alliance with the community provides continuity in representation ofindigent defendants and helps them with personal and family problems?A.community policingB.community-based prosecutionC.community-based defender servicesD.community courtsBayens-Chapter 01 #23.Which criminaljustice alliance with the community says that these lawyers have aresponsibility not only to prosecute cases but to solve public safety problems?A.community policingB.community-based prosecutionC.community-based defender servicesD.community courtsBayens-Chapter 01 #34.Which one of the following statements does not apply to evidence-based corrections (EBC)?A.EBC has a definable outcome.B.The outcome is measurable.C.The outcome is definedaccording to practical realities.D.Once evidence-based always evidence-based.Bayens-Chapter 01 #4

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