Test Bank for Criminology Today: An Integrative Introduction, 10th Edition

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Test BankforCriminology TodayAn Integrative IntroductionTenth EditionFrank SchmallegerDistinguished Professor Emeritus,The University of North Carolina at PembrokeInstructor’s Manual and Test Bank prepared byEllen G. Cohn, Ph.D.

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ivChapter 5274Chapter 6293Chapter 7317Chapter 8341Chapter 9364Chapter 10388Chapter 11413Chapter 12434Chapter 13454Chapter 14477Chapter 15496Chapter 16516Test BankChapter 1178Chapter 2200Chapter 3227Chapter 4250

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178Test BankCriminology Today, 10e(Schmalleger)Chapter 1What Is Criminology?1.1Multiple Choice Questions1)The view of crime as human conduct that violates the criminal law is drawn from a________ perspective.A) politicalB)sociologicalC)psychologicalD) legalisticAnswer: CPage Ref: 2Objective: What is crime? What is the definition of crime that the author of this text haschosen to use?Level: Basic2)“Human conduct that is in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government,or a local jurisdiction that has the power to make such laws” is a definition of ________.A) criminologyB)crimeC)criminalD) devianceAnswer: BPage Ref: 3Objective: What is crime? What is the definition of crime that the author of this text haschosen to use?Level: Basic3)The belief that crime is an antisocial act of such a nature that repression is necessary topreserve the existing system of society is the basis of the ________ perspective on crimeA) legalB)politicalC)sociologicalD) psychologicalAnswer: CPage Ref: 3-4Objective: What is crime? What is the definition of crime that the author of this text haschosen to use?Level: Basic

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1794)The psychological perspective sees crime primarily as ________.A) a violation of a lawB)an offense against human relationshipsC)an antisocial actD) problem behaviorAnswer: DPage Ref: 5Objective: What is crime? What is the definition of crime that the author of this text haschosen to use?Level: Basic5)Which of the following statements about deviance and crime is true?A) All deviant behavior is criminal.B)All criminal behavior is deviant.C)Deviant behavior and criminal behavior overlap.D) Deviant behavior and criminal behavior are mutually exclusive categories.Answer: CPage Ref: 5-6Objective: What is deviance? How are crime and deviance similar? How do they differ?Level: Intermediate6)You are running late to class and there is an exam today. To get to class on time, you driveabout 10 miles about the speed limit. This is an example of behavior that is ________.A) deviant but not criminalB)criminal but not deviantC)both deviant and criminalD) neither deviant nor criminalAnswer: BPage Ref: 6Objective: What is deviance? How are crime and deviance similar? How do they differ?Level: Intermediate7)Which of the following behaviors are criminal only when committed by a child or youth?A) Shoplifting a candy barB)Drinking alcoholC)SpeedingD) JoyridingAnswer: BPage Ref: 7Objective: What is deviance? How are crime and deviance similar? How do they differ?Level: Intermediate

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1808)The ________ perspective says that laws should be enacted to criminalize certain behaviorswhen members of society generally agree that such laws are necessary?A) consensusB)sociologicalC)pluralisticD) legalisticAnswer: APage Ref: 7Objective: Who decides what should be criminal? How are such decisions made?Level: Basic9)The pluralistic perspective suggests that behaviors are typically criminalized through________.A) a political processB)the general agreement of most members of societyC)the existence of shared norms and valuesD) consensusAnswer: APage Ref: 7Objective: Who decides what should be criminal? How are such decisions made?Level: Basic10) The gun control debate is an example of the ________ perspective.A) consensusB)sociologicalC)conflictD) pluralisticAnswer: DPage Ref: 7Objective: Who decides what should be criminal? How are such decisions made?Level: Intermediate11) ________ is the field of study that is concerned primarily with the causes and consequencesof crime.A) Criminal justiceB)CriminologyC)CriminalityD) CriminalisticsAnswer: BPage Ref: 9Objective: Who decides what should be criminal? How are such decisions made?Level: Basic

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18112) Criminal justice focuses on ________.A) the control of lawbreakingB)the causes of crimeC)the consequences of crimeD) the victimAnswer: APage Ref: 10Objective: What is criminology? What are its many roots?Level: Basic13) A ________ studies crime, criminals, and criminal behavior.A) scientistB)criminal justice professionalC)criminologistD) criminalistAnswer: CPage Ref: 10-11Objective: What do criminologists do?Level: Basic14) Which of the following individuals would most likely be considered a criminalist?A) A victims’ advocateB)A polygraph operatorC)A computer crime investigatorD) A correctional officerAnswer: BPage Ref: 11-12Objective: What do criminologists do?Level: Intermediate15) A(n) ________ theory of crime attempts to explain all or most forms of criminal conductthrough a single, overarching approach.A) completeB)unicausalC)integratedD) generalAnswer: DPage Ref: 12Objective: What do criminologists do?Level: Basic

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18216) The general theory of crime suggests that all types of criminal and deviant behavior can beexplained by a single factor: a lack of self-control. This is an example of a(n) ________theory.A) integratedB)unicausalC)bicameralD) completeAnswer: BPage Ref: 12Objective: What do criminologists do?Level: Intermediate17) ________ criminology emphasizes the use of social scientific techniques to developknowledge in the field of criminology.A) Evidence-basedB)TranslationalC)TheoreticalD) Policy-basedAnswer: APage Ref: 13Objective: What is evidence-based criminology? How does it complement theoreticalcriminology?Level: Basic18) ________ criminology involves taking the results of criminological research and convertingit into workable social policy and practice.A) ExperimentalB)TranslationalC)TheoreticalD) Policy-basedAnswer: BPage Ref: 14Objective: What is evidence-based criminology? How does it complement theoreticalcriminology?Level: Basic19) The ________ perspective holds that crime manifests from underlying social issues such aspoverty, discrimination, and pervasive family violence.A) evidence-basedB)individual responsibilityC)social devianceD) social problems

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183Answer: DPage Ref: 15Objective: What is the theme of this text? Upon what two contrasting viewpoints does itbuild?Level: Basic20) Which of the following statements about the individual responsibility perspective is true?A) It suggests that crime is a symptom of underlying social problems such as poverty anddiscrimination.B)It emphasizes the development of social and educational opportunities as a way ofdealing with the crime problem.C)It emphasizes crime prevention efforts such as harsher sentences and the development ofrehabilitation programs.D) It sees crime as a public health problem as well as a criminal justice problem.Answer: CPage Ref: 15-16Objective: What is the theme of this text? Upon what two contrasting viewpoints does itbuild?Level: Intermediate21) Which of the following crime reduction or prevention strategies is most characteristic of thesocial problems perspective?A) A government-funded initiative to enhance educational opportunities among low-incomeindividualsB)A move to broaden police powers by increasing the number of exceptions to theExclusionary RuleC)Rewriting state statutes to increase the severity of punishment for violent offenders, suchas three-strikes lawsD) Allocating federal funds to help states build and operate more prisonsAnswer: APage Ref: 16Objective: What is the theme of this text? Upon what two contrasting viewpoints does itbuild?Level: Intermediate22) Which of the following recent developments in national crime control policy is most likely tohave been influenced by the social problems perspective?A) The increase in the number of federal capital crimesB)The enactment of a federal three-strikes lawC)The abolition of federal paroleD) The creation of the Job Corps to reduce unemployment by encouraging the developmentof job skills

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184Answer: DPage Ref: 17Objective: What is the theme of this text? Upon what two contrasting viewpoints does itbuild?Level: Intermediate23) Crime is not an isolated individual activity but a(n) ________ event.A) socialB)economicC)deviantD) politicalAnswer: APage Ref: 18Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?Level: Intermediate24) An American visitor witnessing a crime in Japan may interpret the events differently thansomeone born within the Japanese culture. This is an example of ________.A) intercultural perspectiveB)social relativityC)deviant perceptionD) politicizationAnswer: BPage Ref: 19Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?Level: Intermediate25) Which of the following is a background contribution by the offender?A) A genetic inventoryB)A peculiar motivationC)A specific intentD) A drug-induced state of mindAnswer: APage Ref: 19Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?Level: Intermediate26) The ________ contributes to a criminal event by failing to prevent criminal activity.A) victimB)offenderC)criminal justice systemD) general public

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185Answer: CPage Ref: 19Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?Level: Basic27) Ultimately, crime is a result of the coming together of inputs provided by all but which of thefollowing?A) The victimB)The criminal justice systemC)SocietyD) The mediaAnswer: DPage Ref: 20Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?Level: Intermediate28) Victims may actively contribute to their own victimization through the appearance of________.A) defensivenessB)exposureC)defenselessnessD) precipitationAnswer: CPage Ref: 20Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?Level: Basic29) ________ is the process by which one acquires the cultural values of one’s society.A) SocializationB)IntegrationC)Social relativityD) CriminalisticsAnswer: APage Ref: 20Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?Level: Basic

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18630) Many modern criminologists operate from a(n) ________ perspective.A) psychologicalB)politicalC)economicD) sociologicalAnswer: DPage Ref: 23Objective: What social science has traditionally provided a central theoretical basis forcriminology? Why?Level: Basic

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1871.2True/False Questions1)The legalistic perspective defines crime as a violation of the criminal law.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 2-3Objective: What is crime? What is the definition of crime that the author of this text haschosen to use?Level: Basic2)Adopting the psychological perspective of crime would greatly expand the scope ofcriminology.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 3-4Objective: What is crime? What is the definition of crime that the author of this text haschosen to use?Level: Basic3)All criminal behavior is deviant.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 6Objective: What is deviance? How are crime and deviance similar? How do they differ?Level: Basic4)Some behaviors are considered to be criminal only if they are committed by a child.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 7Objective: What is deviance? How are crime and deviance similar? How do they differ?Level: Intermediate5)The pluralistic perspective is most applicable to societies characterized by a shared beliefsystem.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 7Objective: Who decides what should be criminal? How are such decisions made?Level: Intermediate6)The difficulty in reaching agreement regarding legalizing marijuana is an example of socialconsensus.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 7-8Objective: Who decides what should be criminal? How are such decisions made?Level: Intermediate

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1887)Criminology is an interdisciplinary field.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 9-10Objective: What is criminology? What are its many roots?Level: Basic8)Criminal justice focuses on questions about the causes of crime.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 10Objective: What is criminology? What are its many roots?Level: Basic9)A correctional officer is a criminalist.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 11Objective: What do criminologists do?Level: Intermediate10) There is a growing tendency to apply the termcriminologistto anyone who works in thecriminal justice field.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 10Objective: What do criminologists do?Level: Basic11) A theory that attempts to explain all types of criminal behavior is a general theory of crime.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 12Objective: What do criminologists do?Level: Basic12) An integrated theory is one that proposes a single identifiable cause for all serious criminalbehavior.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 13Objective: What do criminologists do?Level: Basic13) Translational criminology focuses on taking research findings and converting them intosocial policy.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 14

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189Objective: What is evidence-based criminology? How does it complement theoreticalcriminology?Level: Basic14) A social program that encourages teenagers to stay in school and graduate is typical of thesocial problems perspective.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 16-17Objective: What is the theme of this text? Upon what two contrasting viewpoints does itbuild?Level: Intermediate15) The individual responsibility perspective considers people to be responsible for their ownbehavior.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 16-17Objective: What is the theme of this text? Upon what two contrasting viewpoints does itbuild?Level: Basic16) The abolition of federal parole and the creation of the federal three-strikes law wereinfluenced by the social problems perspective.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 17Objective: What is the theme of this text? Upon what two contrasting viewpoints does itbuild?Level: Intermediate17) Because crime is a social event, it can have more than one interpretation.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 18Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?Level: Intermediate18) Social relativity means that the offender and the victim interpret crime in a similar way.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 19Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?Level: Basic

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19019) The consequences of crime include both outputs and interpretations.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 19Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?Level: Basic20) The primacy of sociology should not prevent criminologists from recognizing contributionsfrom other perspectives.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 23Objective: What social science has traditionally provided a central theoretical basis forcriminology? Why?Level: Intermediate

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