Test Bank for Multicultural Law Enforcement: Strategies for Peacekeeping in a Diverse Society, 7th Edition

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Test BankforMULTICULTURAL LAWENFORCEMENT:STRATEGIES FOR PEACEKEEPING IN A DIVERSESOCIETYSeventh EditionRobert M. Shusta • Deena R. Levine • Aaron T. Olson

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ivCONTENTSTestbank Word ExportsChapter 1Multicultural Communities: Challenges for Law Enforcement64Chapter 2The Changing Law Enforcement Agency: A Microcosm of Society71Chapter 3Multicultural Representation in Law Enforcement: Recruitment,Retention, and Promotion79Chapter 4Cross-Cultural Communication for Law Enforcement86Chapter 5Law Enforcement Contact with Asian/Pacific Americans93Chapter 6Law Enforcement Contact with African Americans100Chapter 7Law Enforcement Contact with Latino/Hispanic Americans106Chapter 8Law Enforcement Contact with Arab Americans and OtherMiddle Eastern Groups112Chapter 9Law Enforcement Contact with Native Americans119Chapter 10 Law Enforcement Contact with Gangs, Victims of HumanTrafficking, the Homeless, and the Mentally Ill126Chapter 11 Hate/Bias Crimes135Chapter 12 Racial Profiling146

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64TESTBANKChapter 1 Multicultural Communities: Challenges forLaw Enforcement1.1 Multiple Choice Questions1)Acquiring cultural competence includes:A)exploration of officers' belief systems and biasesB)awareness of an officer's perspectives and perceptionsC)increased communication skills leading to effective rapport buildingD)all of the aboveAnswer: DPage Ref: 4Objective: Discuss the impact of diversity on law enforcement and thecorresponding need for community policing and outreach programsLevel: Easy2)The Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 denied Chinese Laborers the right toenter:A)EuropeB)AfricaC)AmericaD)AsiaAnswer: CPage Ref: 9Objective: Understand past and current reactions to the U.S. multiculturalsocietyLevel: Easy3)What are the dimensions of diversity that influence the personal andprofessional lives of law enforcement personnel?A)primaryB)secondaryC)bothD)noneAnswer: CPage Ref: 29-30Objective: List the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity as well asgenerational differences among immigrant and ethnic groupsLevel: Intermediate

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654)A judgment or opinion formed before facts are known, usually involvingnegative or unfavorable thoughts about groups of people is known as:A)stereotypeB)prejudiceC)hateD)biasAnswer: BPage Ref: 32Objective: Apply the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias topolice workLevel: Intermediate1.2 True/False Questions1)To blame one's failures and shortcomings on innocent people or those onlypartly responsible is bias.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 32Objective: Apply the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias topolice workLevel: Easy2)The act — intentional and unintentional — of applying or incorporatingpersonal, social, or organizational biases and/or stereotypes in decision-making, police actions, or the administration of justice is bias-based policing.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 32Objective: Apply the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias topolice workLevel: Easy3)An example of a secondary dimension is educational level.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 29Objective: List the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity as well asgenerational differences among immigrant and ethnic groupsLevel: Intermediate4)Gender is another example of a secondary dimension of diversity.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 29Objective: List the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity as well asgenerational differences among immigrant and ethnic groupsLevel: Intermediate

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665)A heterogeneous society is one that is diverse, and frequently refers to racialand ethnic composition.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 11Objective: Summarize key demographic trends in United States related togrowth of minority and foreign-born populations in the United StatesLevel: Easy6)A group that is larger in number that constitutes a whole part of apopulation and may be subjected to differential treatment is a minoritygroup.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 12Objective: Summarize key demographic trends in United States related togrowth of minority and foreign-born populations in the United StatesLevel: Easy7)Hispanic is considered a race.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 11Objective: Summarize key demographic trends in United States related togrowth of minority and foreign-born populations in the United StatesLevel: Easy8)An individual admitted to the United States as a lawful permanent residentis an immigrant.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 14Objective: Provide an understanding of aspects of immigration to the UnitedStatesLevel: Intermediate9)A refugee is any person who is outside his or her country of nationality whois unable or unwilling to return to that country because of persecution or awell-founded fear of persecution.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 13Objective: Provide an understanding of aspects of immigration to the UnitedStatesLevel: Easy10) There are three major groups of undocumented or unauthorized immigrantswithin the U.S. borders.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 17

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67Objective: Provide an understanding of aspects of immigration to the UnitedStatesLevel: Intermediate11) The word "multiculturalism" refers to a movement or political force.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 4Objective: Discuss the impact of diversity on law enforcement and thecorresponding need for community policing and outreach programsLevel: Easy12) The terms "mosaic" and "tapestry" are more accurate descriptions ofAmerica's multicultural society than the term "melting pot."Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 10Objective: Understand past and current reactions to the U.S. multiculturalsocietyLevel: Intermediate13) Changes in population characteristics were insignificant between 1990 and2000.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 10Objective: Understand past and current reactions to the U.S. multiculturalsocietyLevel: Easy14) Prejudice that is unchecked and acted on can result in all of the following:citizen humiliation, lawsuits, loss of jobs, and long-term damage to police-community relations.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 34Objective: Apply the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias topolice workLevel: Easy15) When people have implicit biases, it means that they are consciously awareof the prejudices they hold.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 33-34Objective: Apply the concepts of prejudice and stereotyping to everyday policework.Level: Intermediate

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681.3 Fill in the Blank Questions1)________ has enriched our nation, but has also made many policeprocedures and interactions with individuals more complex.Answer: DiversityPage Ref: 5Objective: Discuss the impact of diversity on law enforcement and thecorresponding need for community policing and outreach programsLevel: Intermediate2)(Two-word answer) ________ is under a powerful microscope in terms of howcitizens are treated.Answer: Law enforcementPage Ref: 5Objective: Discuss the impact of diversity on law enforcement and thecorresponding need for community policing and outreach programsLevel: Intermediate3)A(n) ________ dimension is a core characteristic with which a person is bornthat remains with the individual in all stages of his or her life.Answer: primaryPage Ref: 29Objective: List the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity as well asgenerational differences among immigrant and ethnic groupsLevel: Easy4)According to Loden, people have a minimum of ________ primarydimensions.Answer: sixPage Ref: 29Objective: List the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity as well asgenerational differences among immigrant and ethnic groupsLevel: Easy5)If ________ occurs, police departments will be subjected to adverse mediaattention, lawsuits, citizen complaints, human relations commissioninvolvement, or dismissal of the chief or other management.Answer: discriminationPage Ref: 35Objective: Apply the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias toeveryday police workLevel: Intermediate

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696)________ is the beliefs, habits, attitudes, values, and patterns of thinking,behavior, and everyday customs that have been passed on from generation togeneration.Answer: CulturePage Ref: 26Objective: Define "culture" and "ethnocentrism" and discuss their relevance inlaw enforcementLevel: Intermediate7)________, from the beginning, has been fundamental to the creation andgrowth of the U.S.Answer: ImmigrationPage Ref: 14Objective: Provide an understanding of aspects of immigration to the UnitedStatesLevel: Easy8)An estimated ________ percent of European immigrants, or 2.1 millionpeople, were born in Eastern Europe.Answer: 44Page Ref: 16Objective: Provide an understanding of aspects of immigration to the UnitedStatesLevel: Easy1.4 Essay Questions1)How can the six primary dimensions of diversity contribute to beingadvantaged or disadvantaged in the workforce or society?Answer: Answers should include an explanation of the individuals' age,ethnicity, gender, mental/physical abilities and characteristics, race, and sexualorientation and how they can affect job performance.Page Ref: 29-30Objective: List the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity as well asgenerational differences among immigrant and ethnic groupsLevel: Hard2)How is culture a learned behavior?Answer: Children receive a general cultural orientation by the time they are fiveor six years old.Page Ref: 26-27Objective: Define "culture" and "ethnocentrism" and discuss their relevance inlaw enforcementLevel: Intermediate

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703)How can community policing outreach programs help to break down mutualstereotypes held by both police officers and community members? Giveexamples of programs of which you are aware.Answer: Answers will vary.Page Ref: 6-7Objective: Discuss the impact of diversity on law enforcement and thecorresponding need for community policing and outreach programsLevel: Intermediate4)Explain how implicit biases can influence decision-making in lawenforcement work.Answer: Biases are powerful and unconscious. Decision-making in lawenforcement is often quick and results in instantaneous action.Page Ref: 32-34Objective: Apply the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias toeveryday police workLevel: Hard5)What role do both police leadership and management play in helpingofficers challenge peers' expressions of prejudice and acts of discriminationwithin the law enforcement workforce?Answer: Consider training, mandating change and police culture as they relate tomessaging, policy and training intended to create a discrimination-freeworkplace.Page Ref: 34-36Objective: Describe ways that law enforcement leaders and managers canproduce bias-free policing in a multicultural society.Level: Hard

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71Chapter 2 The Changing Law Enforcement Agency: AMicrocosm of Society2.1 Multiple Choice Questions1)A nationally representative census of law enforcement agencies, includingorganizations at the city, county, state, and federal levels, is conducted howoften by the Bureau of Justice Statistics?A)every six yearsB)every four yearsC)every yearD)every ten yearsAnswer: BPage Ref: 45Objective: Identify how ethnic, racial, and gender composition of lawenforcement agencies is changing in the United StatesLevel: Easy2)A total rejection of others by reason of race, color, or sometimes, morebroadly, culture is defined as:A)racismB)prejudiceC)stereotypeD)biasAnswer: APage Ref: 47Objective: Define racism and understand the steps managers and supervisors cantake to identify and control prejudicial conduct by employeesLevel: Easy3)The following are examples of institutional racism:A)old textbooks in predominately black schoolsB)unpaved roads in predominately black neighborhoodsC)pre-employment standardized testsD)all of the aboveAnswer: DPage Ref: 48Objective: Define racism and understand the steps managers and supervisors cantake to identify and control prejudicial conduct by employeesLevel: Intermediate4)What is the most commonly used term for homosexual woman?A)bisexualB)lesbian

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72C)gayD)transgenderAnswer: BPage Ref: 302-303Objective: Define LGBTQ and gender identityLevel: Easy5)There are three major types of racism. Which of the following is NOT one ofthe types outlined in the chapter?A)Personally mediatedB)InstitutionalC)BlatantD)InternalizedAnswer: CPage Ref: 47Objective: Define racism and understand the steps managers and supervisors cantake to identify and control prejudicial conduct by employeesLevel: Intermediate6)Captain Ewins suggests that implicit and/or explicit bias may be responsiblefor the relatively low numbers of LGBT employee hiring. The biases canmanifest in which of the following ways?A)Older officers involved in the hiring/screening process may have deeply heldanti-LGBTQ biases.B)Psychologist or polygraph operators may have anti-LGBTQ biases.C)Candidate Interviewers may hold anti-LGBTQ biases.D)All of the aboveAnswer: DPage Ref: 64Objective: Explain the role of police department leadership in providing aworkplace environment that is inclusive of all employeesLevel: Intermediate7)Which of the following is NOT an example of sexual or gender harassment inthe workplace?A)unwelcome sexual behavior, such as jokes, cartoons, posters, banter,repeated requests for dates, and requests for sexual favorsB)supervisor asking employee to perform sexual acts in return for a job benefitC)comments such as "women should stay home and have babies and leavepolicing to real men"D)assignments to jobs or programs that are considered "traditionally women's"instead of the non-traditional positions such as SWAT teams, K-9, gangunits, narcotics, etc.Answer: D

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73Page Ref: 56Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issuesconfronting themLevel: Intermediate8)The term "minority" is problematic. One reason for this is:A)the term connotes superiorityB)the term suggests multiculturalismC)the term does not reflect demographic majorities in certain cities/regionsD)"minority" means diversityAnswer: CPage Ref: 43Objective: Identify how ethnic, racial, and gender composition of lawenforcement agencies is changing in the United StatesLevel: Easy9)According to Captain Teresa Ewins, female officers are less quick toconfront physically for which of the following reasons:A)preference for negotiation and persuasionB)communication skillsC)less tendency toward "machismo"D)all of the aboveAnswer: DPage Ref: 59Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issuesconfronting themLevel: Intermediate2.2 True/False Questions1)Gay is a term that only refers to male homosexuals.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 302-303Objective: Define LGBTQ and gender identityLevel: Easy2)A bisexual identifies as a different gender from the gender assigned at birth.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 302-303Objective: Define LGBTQ and gender identityLevel: Easy3)It is not an especially wise management practice to recognize and rewardpatrol officers for their ability to work with and within a diverse community.Answer: FALSE

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74Page Ref: 71Objective: Explain the role of police department leadership in providing aworkplace environment that is inclusive of all employeesLevel: Intermediate4)The supervisory and management team must take the lead and demonstratecommitment in a diverse workforce.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 71Objective: Explain the role of police department leadership in providing aworkplace environment that is inclusive of all employeesLevel: Easy5)A nontraditional occupation for women is defined as one in which womencomprise 40 percent or less of total employment.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 53Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issuesconfronting themLevel: Intermediate6)Women hired as police officers during the early years were given duties thatdid not allow them to work street patrol.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 54Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issuesconfronting themLevel: Intermediate7)For law enforcement to maintain the support and trust of any community, itis essential that the organization reflect the diversity of the area it serves.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 45Objective: Identify how ethnic, racial, and gender composition of lawenforcement agencies is changing in the United StatesLevel: Easy8)Reactions to society's demographic changes as a whole are similar to those ofreactions in law enforcement agencies.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 43Objective: Identify how ethnic, racial, and gender composition of lawenforcement agencies is changing in the United StatesLevel: Easy

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759)Frustration and resentment do not result among citizens when lawenforcement agencies fail to recognize diversity in communities.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 45Objective: Identify how ethnic, racial, and gender composition of lawenforcement agencies is changing in the United StatesLevel: Easy10) There is no particular advantage to being a female officer.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 59Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issuesconfronting themLevel: Easy11) Women have won the "gender battle" in law enforcement and have achievedparity in most U.S. law enforcement agencies.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 44Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issuesconfronting themLevel: Easy12) Racism does not exist within law enforcement organizations because of thephenomenon of "the brotherhood."Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 44Objective: Define racism and understand the steps managers and supervisors cantake to identify and control prejudicial conduct by employeesLevel: Easy13) Discrimination based on a person's gender identity and sexual orientationoccurs primarily in government workplaces, and not in the private sector.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 66Objective: Explain the role of police department leadership in providing aworkplace environment that is inclusive of all employeesLevel: Easy14) As of 2017, 20 states had laws banning discrimination based solely on sexualorientation.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 66Objective: Explain the role of police department leadership in providing aworkplace environment that is inclusive of all employees

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76Level: Easy15) Men and women generally view their roles as police officers in similar ways.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 59Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issuesconfronting themLevel: Easy2.3Fill in the Blank Questions1)(Two-word answer) According to Sergeant Ken Carlson and Captain TeresaEwins, ________ against gays and lesbians is far less common than it used tobe, but is, nevertheless, still expressed in subtle ways.Answer: explicit biasPage Ref: 63Objective: Explain what law enforcement executives need to do in order toconvey zero tolerance for and disciplinary action in response to discriminationbased on sexual orientationLevel: Easy2)Police departments reflect society and, in this way are ________ of the largersociety.Answer: microcosmsPage Ref: 44-45Objective: Explain what law enforcement executives need to do in order toconvey zero tolerance for and disciplinary action in response to discriminationbased on sexual orientationLevel: Intermediate3)(Two-word answer) Officers who apply ________ under the law break theoath they took and subject their department to lawsuits.Answer: unequal justicePage Ref: 47Objective: Define racism and understand the steps managers and supervisors cantake to identify and control prejudicial conduct by employeesLevel: Easy4)________ is the common abbreviation for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgenderand queer.Answer: LGBTQPage Ref: 302-303Objective: Define LGBTQ and gender identityLevel: Intermediate

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