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Test Bank for Multicultural Law Enforcement: Strategies for Peacekeeping in a Diverse Society, 7th Edition

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    Test Bank for MULTICULTURAL LAW ENFORCEMENT: STRATEGIES FOR PEACEKEEPING IN A DIVERSE SOCIETY Seventh Edition Robert M. Shusta • Deena R. Levine • Aaron T. Olson

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    iv CONTENTS Testbank Word Exports Chapter 1 Multicultural Communities: Challenges for Law Enforcement 64 Chapter 2 The Changing Law Enforcement Agency: A Microcosm of Society 71 Chapter 3 Multicultural Representation in Law Enforcement: Recruitment, Retention, and Promotion 79 Chapter 4 Cross-Cultural Communication for Law Enforcement 86 Chapter 5 Law Enforcement Contact with Asian/Pacific Americans 93 Chapter 6 Law Enforcement Contact with African Americans 100 Chapter 7 Law Enforcement Contact with Latino/Hispanic Americans 106 Chapter 8 Law Enforcement Contact with Arab Americans and Other Middle Eastern Groups 112 Chapter 9 Law Enforcement Contact with Native Americans 119 Chapter 10 Law Enforcement Contact with Gangs, Victims of Human Trafficking, the Homeless, and the Mentally Ill 126 Chapter 11 Hate/Bias Crimes 135 Chapter 12 Racial Profiling 146

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    64 TESTBANK Chapter 1 Multicultural Communities: Challenges for Law Enforcement 1.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) Acquiring cultural competence includes: A) exploration of officers' belief systems and biases B) awareness of an officer's perspectives and perceptions C) increased communication skills leading to effective rapport building D) all of the above Answer: D Page Ref: 4 Objective: Discuss the impact of diversity on law enforcement and the corresponding need for community policing and outreach programs Level: Easy 2) The Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 denied Chinese Laborers the right to enter: A) Europe B) Africa C) America D) Asia Answer: C Page Ref: 9 Objective: Understand past and current reactions to the U.S. multicultural society Level: Easy 3) What are the dimensions of diversity that influence the personal and professional lives of law enforcement personnel? A) primary B) secondary C) both D) none Answer: C Page Ref: 29-30 Objective: List the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity as well as generational differences among immigrant and ethnic groups Level: Intermediate

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    65 4) A judgment or opinion formed before facts are known, usually involving negative or unfavorable thoughts about groups of people is known as: A) stereotype B) prejudice C) hate D) bias Answer: B Page Ref: 32 Objective: Apply the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias to police work Level: Intermediate 1.2 True/False Questions 1) To blame one's failures and shortcomings on innocent people or those only partly responsible is bias. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 32 Objective: Apply the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias to police work Level: Easy 2) The act — intentional and unintentional — of applying or incorporating personal, social, or organizational biases and/or stereotypes in decision- making, police actions, or the administration of justice is bias-based policing. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 32 Objective: Apply the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias to police work Level: Easy 3) An example of a secondary dimension is educational level. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 29 Objective: List the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity as well as generational differences among immigrant and ethnic groups Level: Intermediate 4) Gender is another example of a secondary dimension of diversity. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 29 Objective: List the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity as well as generational differences among immigrant and ethnic groups Level: Intermediate

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    66 5) A heterogeneous society is one that is diverse, and frequently refers to racial and ethnic composition. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize key demographic trends in United States related to growth of minority and foreign-born populations in the United States Level: Easy 6) A group that is larger in number that constitutes a whole part of a population and may be subjected to differential treatment is a minority group. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 12 Objective: Summarize key demographic trends in United States related to growth of minority and foreign-born populations in the United States Level: Easy 7) Hispanic is considered a race. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize key demographic trends in United States related to growth of minority and foreign-born populations in the United States Level: Easy 8) An individual admitted to the United States as a lawful permanent resident is an immigrant. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 14 Objective: Provide an understanding of aspects of immigration to the United States Level: Intermediate 9) A refugee is any person who is outside his or her country of nationality who is unable or unwilling to return to that country because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 13 Objective: Provide an understanding of aspects of immigration to the United States Level: Easy 10) There are three major groups of undocumented or unauthorized immigrants within the U.S. borders. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 17

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    67 Objective: Provide an understanding of aspects of immigration to the United States Level: Intermediate 11) The word "multiculturalism" refers to a movement or political force. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 4 Objective: Discuss the impact of diversity on law enforcement and the corresponding need for community policing and outreach programs Level: Easy 12) The terms "mosaic" and "tapestry" are more accurate descriptions of America's multicultural society than the term "melting pot." Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 10 Objective: Understand past and current reactions to the U.S. multicultural society Level: Intermediate 13) Changes in population characteristics were insignificant between 1990 and 2000. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 10 Objective: Understand past and current reactions to the U.S. multicultural society Level: Easy 14) Prejudice that is unchecked and acted on can result in all of the following: citizen humiliation, lawsuits, loss of jobs, and long-term damage to police- community relations. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 34 Objective: Apply the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias to police work Level: Easy 15) When people have implicit biases, it means that they are consciously aware of the prejudices they hold. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 33-34 Objective: Apply the concepts of prejudice and stereotyping to everyday police work. Level: Intermediate

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    68 1.3 Fill in the Blank Questions 1) ________ has enriched our nation, but has also made many police procedures and interactions with individuals more complex. Answer: Diversity Page Ref: 5 Objective: Discuss the impact of diversity on law enforcement and the corresponding need for community policing and outreach programs Level: Intermediate 2) ( Two-word answer ) ________ is under a powerful microscope in terms of how citizens are treated. Answer: Law enforcement Page Ref: 5 Objective: Discuss the impact of diversity on law enforcement and the corresponding need for community policing and outreach programs Level: Intermediate 3) A(n) ________ dimension is a core characteristic with which a person is born that remains with the individual in all stages of his or her life. Answer: primary Page Ref: 29 Objective: List the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity as well as generational differences among immigrant and ethnic groups Level: Easy 4) According to Loden, people have a minimum of ________ primary dimensions. Answer: six Page Ref: 29 Objective: List the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity as well as generational differences among immigrant and ethnic groups Level: Easy 5) If ________ occurs, police departments will be subjected to adverse media attention, lawsuits, citizen complaints, human relations commission involvement, or dismissal of the chief or other management. Answer: discrimination Page Ref: 35 Objective: Apply the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias to everyday police work Level: Intermediate

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    69 6) ________ is the beliefs, habits, attitudes, values, and patterns of thinking, behavior, and everyday customs that have been passed on from generation to generation. Answer: Culture Page Ref: 26 Objective: Define "culture" and "ethnocentrism" and discuss their relevance in law enforcement Level: Intermediate 7) ________, from the beginning, has been fundamental to the creation and growth of the U.S. Answer: Immigration Page Ref: 14 Objective: Provide an understanding of aspects of immigration to the United States Level: Easy 8) An estimated ________ percent of European immigrants, or 2.1 million people, were born in Eastern Europe. Answer: 44 Page Ref: 16 Objective: Provide an understanding of aspects of immigration to the United States Level: Easy 1.4 Essay Questions 1) How can the six primary dimensions of diversity contribute to being advantaged or disadvantaged in the workforce or society? Answer: Answers should include an explanation of the individuals' age, ethnicity, gender, mental/physical abilities and characteristics, race, and sexual orientation and how they can affect job performance. Page Ref: 29-30 Objective: List the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity as well as generational differences among immigrant and ethnic groups Level: Hard 2) How is culture a learned behavior? Answer: Children receive a general cultural orientation by the time they are five or six years old. Page Ref: 26-27 Objective: Define "culture" and "ethnocentrism" and discuss their relevance in law enforcement Level: Intermediate

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    70 3) How can community policing outreach programs help to break down mutual stereotypes held by both police officers and community members? Give examples of programs of which you are aware. Answer: Answers will vary. Page Ref: 6-7 Objective: Discuss the impact of diversity on law enforcement and the corresponding need for community policing and outreach programs Level: Intermediate 4) Explain how implicit biases can influence decision-making in law enforcement work. Answer: Biases are powerful and unconscious. Decision-making in law enforcement is often quick and results in instantaneous action. Page Ref: 32-34 Objective: Apply the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias to everyday police work Level: Hard 5) What role do both police leadership and management play in helping officers challenge peers' expressions of prejudice and acts of discrimination within the law enforcement workforce? Answer: Consider training, mandating change and police culture as they relate to messaging, policy and training intended to create a discrimination-free workplace. Page Ref: 34-36 Objective: Describe ways that law enforcement leaders and managers can produce bias-free policing in a multicultural society. Level: Hard

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    71 Chapter 2 The Changing Law Enforcement Agency: A Microcosm of Society 2.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) A nationally representative census of law enforcement agencies, including organizations at the city, county, state, and federal levels, is conducted how often by the Bureau of Justice Statistics? A) every six years B) every four years C) every year D) every ten years Answer: B Page Ref: 45 Objective: Identify how ethnic, racial, and gender composition of law enforcement agencies is changing in the United States Level: Easy 2) A total rejection of others by reason of race, color, or sometimes, more broadly, culture is defined as: A) racism B) prejudice C) stereotype D) bias Answer: A Page Ref: 47 Objective: Define racism and understand the steps managers and supervisors can take to identify and control prejudicial conduct by employees Level: Easy 3) The following are examples of institutional racism: A) old textbooks in predominately black schools B) unpaved roads in predominately black neighborhoods C) pre-employment standardized tests D) all of the above Answer: D Page Ref: 48 Objective: Define racism and understand the steps managers and supervisors can take to identify and control prejudicial conduct by employees Level: Intermediate 4) What is the most commonly used term for homosexual woman? A) bisexual B) lesbian

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    72 C) gay D) transgender Answer: B Page Ref: 302-303 Objective: Define LGBTQ and gender identity Level: Easy 5) There are three major types of racism. Which of the following is NOT one of the types outlined in the chapter? A) Personally mediated B) Institutional C) Blatant D) Internalized Answer: C Page Ref: 47 Objective: Define racism and understand the steps managers and supervisors can take to identify and control prejudicial conduct by employees Level: Intermediate 6) Captain Ewins suggests that implicit and/or explicit bias may be responsible for the relatively low numbers of LGBT employee hiring. The biases can manifest in which of the following ways? A) Older officers involved in the hiring/screening process may have deeply held anti-LGBTQ biases. B) Psychologist or polygraph operators may have anti-LGBTQ biases. C) Candidate Interviewers may hold anti-LGBTQ biases. D) All of the above Answer: D Page Ref: 64 Objective: Explain the role of police department leadership in providing a workplace environment that is inclusive of all employees Level: Intermediate 7) Which of the following is NOT an example of sexual or gender harassment in the workplace? A) unwelcome sexual behavior, such as jokes, cartoons, posters, banter, repeated requests for dates, and requests for sexual favors B) supervisor asking employee to perform sexual acts in return for a job benefit C) comments such as "women should stay home and have babies and leave policing to real men" D) assignments to jobs or programs that are considered "traditionally women's" instead of the non-traditional positions such as SWAT teams, K-9, gang units, narcotics, etc. Answer: D

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    73 Page Ref: 56 Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issues confronting them Level: Intermediate 8) The term "minority" is problematic. One reason for this is: A) the term connotes superiority B) the term suggests multiculturalism C) the term does not reflect demographic majorities in certain cities/regions D) "minority" means diversity Answer: C Page Ref: 43 Objective: Identify how ethnic, racial, and gender composition of law enforcement agencies is changing in the United States Level: Easy 9) According to Captain Teresa Ewins, female officers are less quick to confront physically for which of the following reasons: A) preference for negotiation and persuasion B) communication skills C) less tendency toward "machismo" D) all of the above Answer: D Page Ref: 59 Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issues confronting them Level: Intermediate 2.2 True/False Questions 1) Gay is a term that only refers to male homosexuals. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 302-303 Objective: Define LGBTQ and gender identity Level: Easy 2) A bisexual identifies as a different gender from the gender assigned at birth. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 302-303 Objective: Define LGBTQ and gender identity Level: Easy 3) It is not an especially wise management practice to recognize and reward patrol officers for their ability to work with and within a diverse community. Answer: FALSE

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    74 Page Ref: 71 Objective: Explain the role of police department leadership in providing a workplace environment that is inclusive of all employees Level: Intermediate 4) The supervisory and management team must take the lead and demonstrate commitment in a diverse workforce. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 71 Objective: Explain the role of police department leadership in providing a workplace environment that is inclusive of all employees Level: Easy 5) A nontraditional occupation for women is defined as one in which women comprise 40 percent or less of total employment. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 53 Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issues confronting them Level: Intermediate 6) Women hired as police officers during the early years were given duties that did not allow them to work street patrol. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 54 Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issues confronting them Level: Intermediate 7) For law enforcement to maintain the support and trust of any community, it is essential that the organization reflect the diversity of the area it serves. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 45 Objective: Identify how ethnic, racial, and gender composition of law enforcement agencies is changing in the United States Level: Easy 8) Reactions to society's demographic changes as a whole are similar to those of reactions in law enforcement agencies. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 43 Objective: Identify how ethnic, racial, and gender composition of law enforcement agencies is changing in the United States Level: Easy

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    75 9) Frustration and resentment do not result among citizens when law enforcement agencies fail to recognize diversity in communities. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 45 Objective: Identify how ethnic, racial, and gender composition of law enforcement agencies is changing in the United States Level: Easy 10) There is no particular advantage to being a female officer. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 59 Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issues confronting them Level: Easy 11) Women have won the "gender battle" in law enforcement and have achieved parity in most U.S. law enforcement agencies. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 44 Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issues confronting them Level: Easy 12) Racism does not exist within law enforcement organizations because of the phenomenon of "the brotherhood." Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 44 Objective: Define racism and understand the steps managers and supervisors can take to identify and control prejudicial conduct by employees Level: Easy 13) Discrimination based on a person's gender identity and sexual orientation occurs primarily in government workplaces, and not in the private sector. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 66 Objective: Explain the role of police department leadership in providing a workplace environment that is inclusive of all employees Level: Easy 14) As of 2017, 20 states had laws banning discrimination based solely on sexual orientation. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 66 Objective: Explain the role of police department leadership in providing a workplace environment that is inclusive of all employees

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    76 Level: Easy 15) Men and women generally view their roles as police officers in similar ways. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 59 Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issues confronting them Level: Easy 2.3 Fill in the Blank Questions 1) ( Two-word answer ) According to Sergeant Ken Carlson and Captain Teresa Ewins, ________ against gays and lesbians is far less common than it used to be, but is, nevertheless, still expressed in subtle ways. Answer: explicit bias Page Ref: 63 Objective: Explain what law enforcement executives need to do in order to convey zero tolerance for and disciplinary action in response to discrimination based on sexual orientation Level: Easy 2) Police departments reflect society and, in this way are ________ of the larger society. Answer: microcosms Page Ref: 44-45 Objective: Explain what law enforcement executives need to do in order to convey zero tolerance for and disciplinary action in response to discrimination based on sexual orientation Level: Intermediate 3) ( Two-word answer ) Officers who apply ________ under the law break the oath they took and subject their department to lawsuits. Answer: unequal justice Page Ref: 47 Objective: Define racism and understand the steps managers and supervisors can take to identify and control prejudicial conduct by employees Level: Easy 4) ________ is the common abbreviation for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer. Answer: LGBTQ Page Ref: 302-303 Objective: Define LGBTQ and gender identity Level: Intermediate

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