Week 4 correction systems midterm

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Week4 correction systems midtermQuestion 11. Counting jails and prisons, approximately how many citizens are incarcerated?A.a. 1 millionB.b. 2.3 millionC.c. 3 millionD.d. 4.3 million2 pointsQuestion 22. Whichimportant scholar argued that criminals and their punishment are functional in society, help todefine norms and expectations for conformity?A.a. Emile DurkheimB.b. Cesare BeccariaC.c. Travis HirshchiD.d. Cesare Lombroso2 pointsQuestion 33. Political liberals and _______________ encouraged reform of the prison system during theEnlightenment Period.A.a. Political conservativesB.b. independentsC.c. religious groups

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D.d. political liberals2 pointsQuestion 44. Lex talionis embodies which of the following principles?A.a. Punishment should correspond in degree and kind to the offense.B.b. An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth is legal punishment.C.c.Punishment needs to be proportionate.D.d. All of these2 pointsQuestion 55. The Penitentiary Act was based upon four core principles where prisoners were confined in solitarycells and labored silently in common rooms. They includeA.a.secure and sanitary conditions.B.b. nonsystematic inspections.C.c. fees for inmates.D.d. a continued regimen.2 pointsQuestion 66. How was the existing system of justice altered during the Enlightenment?A.a. Peoplereconsidered the administration of law and redefined corrections.B.b. During this period the classical school of criminology emerged, with its insistence on arational link between the gravity of the crime and the severity of thepunishment.C.c. The social contract and utilitarianism emphasized limitations on the government andthe need to erect a system of punishments so that people would be deterred from crime.

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D.d. All of these2 pointsQuestion 77. The __________ was a penitentiary system developed in Pennsylvania in which each inmate was heldin isolation from other inmates.A.a. congregate systemB.b. assemble systemC.c. separate confinement systemD.d. segregated confinement system2 pointsQuestion 88. During the Progressive Reform Era, two main strategies were implemented. They included improvingconditions in social environments and ______________.A.a. feeding inmates better food.B.b. ensuring prisoners were not insolitude.C.c. reintegrating inmates into society.D.d. rehabilitating individual offenders.2 pointsQuestion 99. The Military Commissions Act (MCA) __________ the ability of “unlawful enemy combatants” to file awrit of habeas corpus.A.a. permitsB.b. fosters

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C.c. enhancesD.d. eliminates2 pointsQuestion 1010. Which court decision held the basic elements of procedural due process must be present whendecisions are made concerning the disciplining of an inmate?A.a. Wolff v. McDonnellB.b. Holt v. SarverC.c. Estelle v. GambleD.d. Pugh v. Locke2 pointsQuestion 1111. Which case allowed inmates to sue state officials for brutality, inadequate medical care andnutrition, theft of personal property and the denial of basic rights:A.a. Cooper v. PateB.b. Terry v. OhioC.c. Carroll v USD.d. Gregg v GA2 pointsQuestion 1212. In Boumediene v. Bush, the Court ruled the detainees at Guantanamo Bay are entitled to:A.a. a lawyer.B.b. challenge the conditions of their confinement.

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C.c. one hour of exercise a day.D.d. file writs ofhabeas corpus.2 pointsQuestion 1313. According to the Supreme Court, the term “totality of conditions” may be legally interpreted as:A.a. cruel and unusual punishment.B.b. unfairC.c. unreasonable.D.d. irrational.2 pointsQuestion 1414. The right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment is found in which Amendment?A.a. FirstB.b. FourthC.c. EighthD.d. Fourteenth2 pointsQuestion 1515. Experts usually cite _________ asreasons wrongful convictions occur.A.a. plea-bargaining pressuresB.b. community pressureC.c. eyewitness error

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