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Lab 9 Energy Skate Park

Skate park design uses conservation of mechanical energy, where kinetic and potential energy convert without loss, ensuring the skater safely completes loops, jumps, and slopes on a frictionless track.

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    Student directions Energy Skate Park Introduction to Conservation of Mechanical Energy hl tp://phet.coh>i~adoA t du/sinis/litnil/encruy-skate-pai-k/latest/eneruy-skate -park en.hlml Part I Learning Goals: Students will be able to * Explain the Conservation of Mechanical Energy concept using kinetic and gravitational potential energy. • Design a skate park using the concept of Mechanical energy 1. Investigate what affects the skater s path. You should try adding some track, changing shapes or building jumps. (There's no friction on the track) I experimented with adding extra track to create a hill and a loop, and I measured several heights to sec whicn would work best. 2. Explain how you could use your investigation to plan a track that is fun, challenging and one that is relatively safe. You might think for example: When does he: fly off an end? make it to the lop a hill? or land a jump? To add excitement and difficulty, the skater began high, descended quickly into a loop, ascended a steep slope, and finished by running down the track to the earth. Because the circle is not too high, they started at a height that is sufficient and they arc moving quickly enough to complete the loop, reach a very high hi IL and safely return to the earth, it will be safe. 3. Build a good track and sketch it. Then use the Energy Graphs to study the Skater's energy. • Decide which graphs or chart best helps you understand what makes your track successful -Energy position graph. • Look in your text to find out what the Conservation of Mechanical Energy means and explain it in your own words. -The principle of conservation of mechanical energy states that the total mechanical energy in a system stays constant as long as conservative forces are the only forces operating. For example, if there is no friction on the path, the mechanical energy in the system will remain constant. • Explain why your track is successful in terms of Conservation of Mechanical Energy. Include drawings of the Chart or Graphs to help explain your reasoning. -Since the track is made to balance the kinetic and potential energies of the item as it goes through iL it can be seen why it is successful in maintaining mechanical energy conservation. The item accumulates kinetic energy as it descends the track from its high potential energy starting point. The item obtains potential energy and loses kinetic energy as it rises once again. If there is no friction in the system, the object's total mechanical energy (potential energy plus kinetic energy) stays constant while it travels along the track. This indicates that the energy acquired when moving an object from a low position to a high point is equivalent to the energy lost when

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    moving the object from a high point to a low point. A fundamental tenet of physics, the conservation of mechanical energy applies to a wide range of systems, including rollercoasters, A roller coaster track’s capacity to deliver an exhilarating and pleasurable ride frequently depends on how well the designer applies the theory of conservation of mechanical energy to maintain a balance between potential and kinetic energy throughout the ride. 4. Using the Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy, explain what things need to be considered when designing any successful track. You must consider the skater's requirements for both kinetic and potential energy, and ensure that, even when they fluctuate, they remain equal throughout. Additionally, we need to guarantee that the overall energy level never changes. To keep the track enjoyable and safe and to slop any potentially harmful incidents. Additionally, we must guarantee that the overall energy content never changes, help keep the track enjoyable and safe while averting any potentially harmful mishaps.

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    Part 2 [.earning Goals: Students will be able to: • Describe Energy -Pic, -Bar, and -Position Charts from position or selected speeds. 1. Explain how r changing the Skater affects the situations above. 2. Explain how r changing the surface friction affects the situations above. • Predict position or estimate of speed from Energy -Pie T -Bar, and -Position Charts • Look at the position of an object and use the Energy -Pic, - Bar. and -Position charts to predict direction of travel or change in speed. I. Josie made a friclionless hot wheel track that looks like the one shown. She placed a red rubber ball on the left lop of track at I . a. Make a data table like the one below b. Fill in the Prediction column by sketching what you think the Pic chart will look like for the ball al points 1-4. c. Use the 1jx>p Track with the Ball Skater to test your ideas and make any adjustments Pie chart Prediction Simulation Explain differences 1 Kinetic Energy = 0% Potential Energy = 100% Thermal Energy = 0% Kinetic Energy = 0%' Potential Energy = 100% Thermal Energy = 0% There is neither kinetic nor thermal energy since there is no motion nor friction. But because the ball is so high up, there is a lot of potential energy. 2 Kinetic Energy = 90% Kinetic Energy = 75% Potential Energy = 10%:Potential Energy = 25% Thermal Energy = 0% Thermal Energy = 0% As the ball travels down the track, its kinetic energy increases, but its potential energy decreases as it approaches the surface. Since there is no friction, there is no heat energy. 3 Kinetic Energy = 55% Kinetic Energy = 50% Potential Energy = 45%:Potential Energy = 50% Thermal Energy = 0% Thermal Energy = 0% Since the ball loses speed as it rises in altitude, its kinetic energy decreases. Due to the ball's increased height, potential energy has increased. Since there is no friction, there is no heal energy. 4 Kinetic Energy = 10% Kinetic Energy = 15% Potential Energy = 90%Potcntial Energy = 85% Thermal Energy = 0% Thermal Energy = 0% Because there is less motion, kinetic energy reduced even more, but potential energy rose because the ball is higher. Since there is no friction, there is no heal energy. 2. Pretend that Josie can magically change the ball to different things like the simulation can. a. What do you think w r ould change about the Pie Charts? With an increase in mass, the kinetic and potential energies w r ould drop, and with a reduction in mass, they would rise. b. Explain w r by you think the charts would similar or different.

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    When someone had less mass, their kinetic energy rose since there was no additional force to restrict their mobility. When mass increased, kinetic energy decreased because an additional force was used to halt forward motion. Due to the possibility that bulk may prevent an item from reaching a great height, the potential energy would change across charts. Lastly, at this time, thermal energy docs not exist. c. Check your reasoning using the simulation and make corrections if necessary. No corrections were necessary. 3. Josie has a friend. Phillip that can magically change the friction on the track like the simulation can. a. What do you think would change about the Pic Charts? Kinetic energy would decrease as well as thermal energy would rise. This is due to the additional force that friction produces. Additionally, potential energy would drop. b. Explain why you inink the charts would similar or different. Because of the friction, the thermal energy would rise in the pic chart. The ball would slow down due to the force created by increased friction, resulting in a loss in kinetic energy. Since the ball wouldn't be able to achieve a great height due to the additional friction, potential energy would likewise diminish. c. Cheek your reasoning using the simulation and make corrections if necessary. No corrections were necessary. 4. Build a track and sketch it. a. Make a table like the one you did for question I . b. Predict what you think the charts will look like. c. Use the simulation to check your ideas. d. Test your ideas from questions 2 and 3. Make changes to your answers if necessary. Pic chart Explain differences There is neither kinetic nor thermal energy since there is no motion nor friction. But because the ball is so high up, there is a lot of potential energy. The skater just slid downhill, therefore there is a lot of kinetic energy there, but nearly no potential energy because there is no height remaining to fall from. Because the potential energy decreased, the thermal energy is also reduced. Kinetic and potential energy arc equivalent to one another. This is because the skater is traveling at a high speed down a hill, which causes a lot of motion. The rise in kinetic energy led to an increase in thermal energy. Because the skater had been skating down a slope before, there was only a little increase in kinetic energy. Potential energy decreased since there was hardly any rise in height. Thermal energy rose as a result of the force needed to move uphill. 4 Kinetic Energy = 50% Kinetic Energy = 47% Potential Energy = 30%;Potential Energy = 20% Thermal Energy = 20% Thermal Energy = 33%' Prediction Simulation 1 Kinetic Energy = 10% Kinetic Energy = 5% Potential Energy = 85%;Potential Energy = 95% Thermal Energy = 5% Thermal Energy = 0% 2 Kinetic Energy = 90% Potential Energy = 5% Thermal Energy = 5% Kinetic Energy = 70% Potential Energy = 20% Thermal Energy = 10%> 3 Kinetic Energy = 45% Kinetic Energy = 40% Potential Energy = 45%Potential Energy = 40% Thermal Energy = 15% Thermal Energy = 20%

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