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2023 HESI Fundamentals Practice Question With Answers (72 Solved Questions) - Document preview page 1

2023 HESI Fundamentals Practice Question With Answers (72 Solved Questions) - Page 1

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2023 HESI Fundamentals Practice Question With Answers (72 Solved Questions)

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2023 HESI Fundamentals Practice Question With Answers (72 Solved Questions) - Page 1 preview imageEVOLVEHESIFUNDAMENTALSPRACTICE QUESTIONS ANDCORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2023 LATEST UPDATEUrinarycatheterizationisprescribedforapostoperativefemaleclientwhohasbeenunabletovoidfor8 hours.Thenurseinsertsthecatheter,butnourineisseeninthetubing.Whichactionwillthenursetakenext?•Clampthecatheterandrecheckitin60minutes.•Pullthecatheterback3inchesandredirectupward.•Leavethecatheterinplaceandreattemptwithanothercatheter.•Notifythehealthcareproviderofapossibleobstruction.-Answer:CIt is likely that the first catheter is in the vagina, rather than the bladder. Leaving the first catheterinplace will help locate the meatus when attempting the second catheterization (C). The clientshouldhave at least 240 mL of urine after 8 hours. (A) does not resolve the problem. (B) will notchange thelocation of the catheter unless it is completely removed, in which case a new cathetermust be used.There is no evidence of a urinary tract obstruction if the catheter could be easilyinserted (D).Thenurseisteachinganobeseclient,newlydiagnosedwitharteriosclerosis,aboutreducingtheriskofa heart attack or stroke. Which health promotion brochure is most important for the nurse toprovide to this client?•"MonitoringYourBloodPressureatHome"•"SmokingCessationasaLifelongCommitment"•"DecreasingCholesterolLevelsThroughDiet"•"StressManagementforaHealthierYou"-Answer:C
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2023 HESI Fundamentals Practice Question With Answers (72 Solved Questions) - Page 2 preview image
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2023 HESI Fundamentals Practice Question With Answers (72 Solved Questions) - Page 3 preview imageA health promotion brochure about decreasing cholesterol (C) is most important to provide thisclient,becausethemostsignificantriskfactorcontributingtodevelopmentofarteriosclerosisisexcessdietaryfat, particularly saturated fat and cholesterol. (A) does not address the underlyingcauses ofarteriosclerosis. (B and D) are also important factors for reversing arteriosclerosis but arenot asimportant as lowering cholesterol (C).Tenminutesaftersigninganoperativepermitforafracturedhip,anolderclientstates,"Thealienswill be coming to get me soon!" and falls asleep. Which action should the nurse implement next?•Maketheclientcomfortableandallowtheclienttosleep.•Assesstheclient'sneurologicstatus.•Notifythesurgeonaboutthecomment.•Asktheclient'sfamilytoco-signtheoperativepermit.-Answer:BThis statement may indicate that the client is confused. Informed consent must be provided by amentallycompetentindividual,sothenurseshouldfurtherassesstheclient'sneurologicstatus(B)tobesure that the client understands and can legally provide consent for surgery. (A) does notprovidesufficientfollow-up.Ifthenursedeterminesthattheclient isconfused,thesurgeonmustbenotified(C)and permission obtained from the next of kin (D).Thenurse-managerofaskillednursing(chroniccare)unitisinstructingUAPsonwaystopreventcomplications of immobility. Which intervention should be included in this instruction?•Performrange-of-motionexercisestopreventcontractures.•Decreasetheclient'sfluidintaketopreventdiarrhea.•Massagetheclient'slegstoreduceembolismoccurrence.•Turntheclientfromsidetobackeveryshift.-Answer:A
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2023 HESI Fundamentals Practice Question With Answers (72 Solved Questions) - Page 4 preview imagePerformingrange-of-motionexercises(A)isbeneficialinreducingcontracturesaroundjoints.(B,C,andD) are all potentially harmful practices that place the immobile client at risk of complications.The nurse isassisting a client to the bathroom. Whenthe clientis 5 feet from the bathroom door,he states,"Ifeelfaint."Beforethenursecangettheclienttoachair,theclientstartstofall.Whichisthe priority action for the nurse to take?•Checktheclient'scarotidpulse.•Encouragetheclienttogettothetoilet.•Inaloudvoice,callforhelp.•Gentlylowertheclienttothefloor.-Answer:D(D)isthemostprudentinterventionandistheprioritynursingactiontopreventinjurytotheclientandthe nurse. Lowering the client to the floor should be done when the client cannot support hisownweight. The client should be placed in a bed or chair only when sufficient help is available topreventinjury.(A)isimportantbutshouldbedoneaftertheclientisinasafeposition.Because theclientisnotsupporting himself, (B) is impractical. (C) is likely to cause chaos on the unit andmightalarm the otherclients.A femalenurseisassignedto careforaclosefriend,who says,"Iamworried thatfriendswillfindout about my diagnosis." The nurse tells her friend that legally shemust protect a client'sconfidentiality. Which resource describes the nurse's legal responsibilities?•CodeofEthicsforNurses•StateNursePracticeAct•Patient'sBillofRights•ANAStandardsofPractice-Answer:BThe State Nurse Practice Act (B) contains legal requirements for the protection of clientconfidentialityand the consequences for breaches inconfidentiality.(A)outlines ethical standards
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2023 HESI Fundamentals Practice Question With Answers (72 Solved Questions) - Page 5 preview imagefor nursing care butdoesnotincludelegalguidelines.(CandD)describeexpectationsfornursingpracticebutdonotaddresslegal implications.The nurse is teaching a client how to perform progressive muscle relaxation techniques to relieveinsomnia.Aweeklatertheclientreportsthatheisstillunabletosleep,despitefollowingthesameroutine every night. Which action should the nurse take first?•Instructtheclienttoaddregularexerciseasadailyroutine.•Determineiftheclienthasbeenkeepingasleepdiary.•Encouragetheclienttocontinuetheroutineuntilsleepisachieved.•Asktheclienttodescribetheroutinethattheclientiscurrentlyfollowing.-Answer:DThe nurse should first evaluate whether the client has been adhering to the original instructions (D). Averbalreportoftheclient'sroutinewillprovidemorespecificinformationthantheclient'swrittendiary(B).Thenursecanthendeterminewhichchangesneedtobemade(A).Theroutinepracticedbytheclient is clearly unsuccessful, so encouragement alone is insufficient (C).A65-year-oldclientwhoattendsanadultdaycareprogramandiswheelchair-mobilehasrednessinthe sacral area. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to provide? A.Take a vitaminsupplement tablet once a day.B.Changepositionsinthechairatleasteveryhour.C.Increasedailyintakeofwaterorotheroralfluids.D.Purchaseanewermodelwheelchair.-Answer:BThe most important teaching is to change positions frequently (B) because pressure is the mostsignificantfactorrelatedtothedevelopmentofpressureulcers.Increasedvitaminandfluidintake(Aand C) may also be beneficial promote healing and reduce further risk. (D) is an intervention oflastresort because this will be very expensive for the client.Whenturninganimmobilebedriddenclientwithoutassistance,whichactionbythenursebestensuresclient safety?
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2023 HESI Fundamentals Practice Question With Answers (72 Solved Questions) - Page 6 preview image•Securelygrasptheclient'sarmandleg.•Putbedrailsuponthesideofbedoppositefromthenurse.•Correctlypositionanduseaturnsheet.•Lowertheheadoftheclient'sbedslowly.-Answer:BBecausethenursecanonlystandononesideofthe bed,bedrailsshouldbeupontheoppositesidetoensure thattheclient doesnot falloutof bed (B).(A) can cause client injuryto the skinor joint.(CandD) are useful techniques while turning a client but have less priority in terms of safety thanuse of thebed rails.A female client with frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs) asks the nurse to explain her friend'sadvice aboutdrinkingaglassofjuicedailytopreventfutureUTIs.Whichresponseisbestforthenurseprovide?•OrangejuicehasvitaminCthatdetersbacterialgrowth.•Applejuiceisthemostusefulinacidifyingtheurine.•Cranberryjuicestopspathogens'adherencetothebladder.•Grapefruitjuiceincreasesabsorptionofmostantibiotics.-Answer:CCranberryjuice(C)maintains urinarytracthealth byreducingthe adherenceofEscherichiacolibacteriato cellswithinthebladder.(A, B,andD)havenotbeenshowntobeaseffectiveascranberryjuice(C)inpreventing UTIs.Thenurseisawarethatmalnutritionisacommonproblemamongclientsservedbyacommunityhealth clinic for the homeless. Which laboratory value is the most reliable indicator of chronic proteinmalnutrition?•Lowserumalbuminlevel•Low serumtransferrinlevel
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2023 HESI Fundamentals Practice Question With Answers (72 Solved Questions) - Page 7 preview image•Highhemoglobinlevel•Highcholesterollevel-Answer:ALong-term protein deficiency is required to cause significantly lowered serum albumin levels (A).Albuminismadebytheliveronlywhenadequateamountsofaminoacids(fromproteinbreakdown)areavailable. Albuminhas a long half-life, so acute protein loss does not significantly alter serumlevels. (B)is a serum protein with a half-life of only 8 to 10 days, so it will drop with an acute proteindeficiency.Neither(CorD)areclinicalmeasuresofproteinmalnutrition.Thenurseidentifiesapotentialforinfectioninapatientwithpartial-thickness(second-degree)andfull-thickness(third-degree) burns. What interventionhasthe highest priority in decreasingtheclient's risk of infection?•Administrationofplasmaexpanders•Useofcarefulhandwashingtechnique•Applicationofatopicalantibacterialcream•Limitingvisitorstotheclientwithburns-Answer:BCareful hand washing technique (B) is the single most effective intervention for the prevention ofcontaminationtoallclients.(A)reversesthehypovolemiathatinitiallyaccompaniesburntraumabutisnot related to decreasing the proliferation of infective organisms. (C and D) arerecommended byvarious burn centers as possible ways to reduce the chance of infection. (B) is aproven technique toprevent infection.Whichserum laboratoryvalueshouldthenursemonitorcarefullyforaclientwhohasanasogastric(NG) tube to suction for the past week?•Whitebloodcellcount•Albumin•Calcium•Sodium-Answer:D
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2023 HESI Fundamentals Practice Question With Answers (72 Solved Questions) - Page 8 preview imageMonitoring serum sodium levels (D) for hyponatremia is indicated during prolonged NG suctioningbecauseoflossoffluids.Changes inlevelsof(A,B,orC)arenottypicallyassociatedwithprolongedNGsuctioning.Incompletingaclient'spreoperativeroutine,thenursefindsthattheoperativepermitisnotsigned.The client begins to ask more questions about the surgical procedure. Which action should the nursetakenext?•Witnesstheclient'ssignaturetothepermit.•Answertheclient'squestionsaboutthesurgery.•Informthesurgeonthattheoperativepermitisnotsignedandtheclienthasquestionsaboutthesurgery.•Reassuretheclientthatthesurgeonwillansweranyquestionsbeforetheanesthesiaisadministered.-Answer:CThe surgeon should be informed immediately that the permit is not signed (C). Itis the surgeon'sresponsibilitytoexplaintheproceduretothecliesxntandobtaintheclient'ssignatureonthepermit.Althoughthenursecanwitnessanoperativepermit(A),theproceduremustfirstbeexplainedbythehealthcareproviderorsurgeon,includingansweringtheclient'squestions(B).Theclient'squestionsshould be addressed before the permit is signed (D).Thenurseispreparinganolderclientfordischarge.Whichmethodisbestforthenursetousewhenevaluating the client's ability to perform a dressing change at home?•Determinehowtheclientfeelsaboutchangingthedressing.•Asktheclienttodescribetheprocedureinwriting.•Seekafamilymember'sevaluationoftheclient'sabilitytochangethedressing.•Observetheclientchangethedressingunassisted.-Answer:DObservingtheclientdirectly(D)willallowthenursetodetermineifmasteryoftheskillhasbeenobtainedandprovideanopportunitytoaffirmtheskill.(A)maybetherapeuticbutwillnotprovidean
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2023 HESI Fundamentals Practice Question With Answers (72 Solved Questions) - Page 9 preview imageopportunitytoevaluatetheclient'sabilitytoperformtheprocedure.(B)maybethreateningtoanolderclientandwillnotdeterminehisability.(C)isnotaseffectiveasdirectobservationbythenurse.Aclientinalong-termcarefacilityreportstothenursethathehasnothadabowelmovement in2days. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?•Instructthecaregivertoofferaglassofwarmprunejuiceatmealtimes.•Notifythehealthcareproviderandrequestaprescriptionforalarge-volumeenema.•Assesstheclient'smedicalrecordtodeterminetheclient'snormalbowelpattern.•Instructthecaregivertoincreasetheclient'sfluidstofive8-ounceglassesperday.•Answer:CThisclientmaynotroutinelyhaveadailybowelmovement,sothenurseshouldfirstassessthisclient'snormal bowel habits before attempting any intervention (C). (A, B, or D) may then be implemented, ifwarranted.Thenurseisinstructingaclientwithcholecystitisregardingdietchoices.Whichmealbestmeetsthedietary needs of this client?•Steak,bakedbeans,andasalad•Broiledfish,greenbeans,andanapple•Porkchops,macaroniandcheese,andgrapes•Avocadosalad,milk,andangelfoodcake•Answer:BWhenbathinganuncircumcisedboyolderthan3years,whichactionshouldthenursetake?•Remindthechildtocleanhisgenitalarea.•Deferperinealcarebecauseofthechild'sage.
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2023 HESI Fundamentals Practice Question With Answers (72 Solved Questions) - Page 10 preview image•Retracttheforeskingentlytocleansethepenis.•Asktheparentswhythechildisnotcircumcised.•Answer:CThe foreskin (prepuce) of the penis should be gently retracted to cleanse all areas that could harborbacteria(C).Thechild'scognitivedevelopmentmaynotbeatthelevelatwhich(A)wouldbeeffective.Perinealcareneedstobe provideddaily regardlessofthe client'sage (B). (D) isnotindicated and maybe perceived as intrusive.Thenursewhoispreparingtogiveanadolescentclientaprescribedantipsychoticmedicationnotesthat parental consent has not been obtained. Which action should the nurse take?•Reviewthechartforasignedconsentforhospitalization.•Getthehealthcareprovider'spermissiontogivethemedication.•Donotgivethemedicationanddocumentthereason.•Completeanincidentreportandnotifytheparents.•Answer:CThe nurse should not give the medication and should document the reason (C) because the client is aminor and needs a guardian's permission to receive medications. Permission to give medications isnotgrantedbyasignedhospitalconsent(A)orahealthcareprovider'spermission(B),unlessconditionsaremet to justify coerced treatment. (D) is not necessary unless the medication hadpreviously beenadministered.A nurseisworking in anoccupational healthclinicwhen anemployee walksin and states thathewas struck by lightning while working in a truck bed. The client is alert but reports feeling faint.Which assessment will the nurse perform first?•Pulsecharacteristics•Openairway•EntranceandexitwoundsE.Cervicalspineinjury–
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2023 HESI Fundamentals Practice Question With Answers (72 Solved Questions) - Page 11 preview imageAnswer: ALightning is a jolt of electrical current and can produce a "natural" defibrillation, so assessment ofthepulserateandregularity(A)isapriority.Becausetheclientistalking,hehasanopenairway(B),sothatassessment is not necessary. Assessing for (C and D) should occur after assessing foradequatecirculation.The mental health nurse plans to discuss a client's depression with the health care provider intheemergencydepartment.Therearetwoclientssittingacrossfromtheemergencydepartmentdesk.Which nursing action is best?A.Onlyrefertotheclientbygender.B.Identifytheclientonlybyage.C.Avoidusingtheclient'sname.D.Discusstheclientanothertime.-Answer:DThebestnursingactionisto discusstheclientanothertime(D).Confidentialitymustbeobservedatalltimes, so the nurse should not discuss the client when the conversation can be overheard by others.Detailscanidentifytheclientwhenreferringtotheclientbygender(A)orage(B),andevenwhennotusing the client's name (C).Thenurseisassessingseveralclientspriortosurgery.Whichfactorinaclient'shistoryposesthegreatest threat for complications to occur during surgery?•Takingbirthcontrolpillsforthepast2years•Takinganticoagulantsforthepastyear•Recentlycompletingantibiotictherapy•HavingtakenlaxativesPRNforthelast6months-Answer:BAnticoagulants (B) increase the risk for bleeding during surgery, which can pose a threat for thedevelopment of surgical complications. The health care provider should be informed that the clientistaking these drugs. Although clients who take birth control pills (A) may be more susceptible tothedevelopmentofthrombi,suchproblemsusuallyoccurpostoperatively.Aclientwith(CorD)isatlessofa surgical risk than (B).Whenassistingaclientfromthebedtoachair,whichprocedureisbestforthenursetofollow?
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