2023 HESI Pharmacology Final Exam With Answers (155 Solved Questions)

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HESI PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM(155Terms)Quizzes & AnsLatestReview2023Best Graded A+What are the 5 rights of medication administration?-Answer:Right PatientRight DrugRight RouteRight TimeRight DoseHow do you safely prepare medication?-Answer:Have good lighting & workalone.Check medication label 3 times (When yougrab the medication,beforedispensingmedication, & When you replace medication.)Don't use anything without a label.Bottles with bad labels need to be returned to the pharmacy.Never transfer medication into another bottle.Check expiration date.Inspect & throw away decomposing medications.How would you administer medication via IM?-Answer:Injecting at 90° usingthe Z-Track method.How would you administer medication via IV?-Answer:Assess for allergies.Assess the IV site for complications.Clean the port closest to the IV site with alcohol swab.Administer medication.

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How would you administer medication via SubQ?-Answer:Injecting 45° (SkinnyPatient) or 90° (Average Patient) into the fatty tissue.How would you administer medication via oral route?-Answer:Assist thepatient into an upright or side lying position.Ask patient if they would like the medications in his/her hand or in the cup.Offer water.Remain with the patient until each medication is swallowed. Never leave thepatient's bedside.How would you instill ear medications?-Answer:Warm the medication to prepit before entering the patient's room.Clean any ear drainage.Place the patient on his/her unaffectedside or have the patient sit up with headtitled to the unaffected side.Straighten the ear canal by pulling up & back for adults or down & back forchildren.Administer the medication and allow the drops to fall on the side of the canal.Avoid instillingin the middle of the canal or the tympanic membrane.Instruct patient to remain in this position for 5 minutes.Gently press on the tragus to facilitate the medication to travel towards thetympanic membrane.

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If ordered loosely place a cotton ball into theear canal.If you have to administer drops in both ear wait 5 minutes between each side.How would you instill eye medications?-Answer:Offer the patient a tissue.Cleanse each eye from the inner area to the outer area.If the patient does not have cervical spine injury instruct the patient to tilt his/herhead back.Gently apply pressure with fingers at the edge of the lower eyelid to expose theconjunctival sac.Administer the medication & release the lower eyelid.Instruct patient to close eyes gently.Apply gentle pressure on the inner canthus to prevent the medication fromflowing into the tear ducts.Instruct patient not to rub eyes.How would you apply a transdermal patch?-Answer:Wear gloves!Remove the old patch & fold it close on itself.Clean the old site to remove residue.Document date, time, & initials on the new patch.Rotate site.Clean the new site.Apply the patch.

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How would you apply an ointment medication?-Answer:Wear gloves!Clean the area.If the medication is not powder, never administer the ointment straight from thecontainer! Squeeze the ointment into a disposable cup.Spread over the area as prescribed.Observe for allergic reaction.Namethe 5 injection sites for subcutaneous.-Answer:AbdomenUpper ArmBackButtocksThighsName the 5 injection sites for intramuscular.-Answer:DorsoglutealVentroglutealRectus FemorisVastus LateralisDeltoidWhich IM injection site is used mainly on infants?-Answer:Rectus femoris.Which IM injection site do you use for children and adults?-Answer:Ventrogluteal

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Which IM injection site is used on infants, children, and patients with poorlydeveloped butt muscles?-Answer:Vastus lateralis.Name the 4 injection sites for intradermal.-Answer:Inner ForearmUpper ChestBackUpper Back ArmWhere should you place a transdermal patch?-Answer:Upper Arm & BackChestForearmButtStomachWhat is the peak time for rapid acting insulin?-Answer:30-60 minutesWhat is the peak time for regular insulin?-Answer:2-4 hoursWhat is the peak time for intermediate acting insulin?-Answer:4-12 hoursWhat is the peak time for long acting insulin?-Answer:8-10 hours

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What are the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?-Answer:Cool and clammyskin, confused, weakness, palpitations, irritable, and hunger.Blood glucose: < 60 mg/dLNumbness or tingling of lips or tongueWhat are the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia?-Answer:The 3 Ps:Polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, weakness, headache, and blurred vision.Later signs include pruritus, dry mouth, confusion, fruity odor of the breath,abdominal pain, or coma (DKA).Blood glucose: > 200 mg/dLAcetone breathWhich medication would a nurse anticipate to administer to a patient beforeadministering a blood transfusion?-Answer:diphenhydramine (Benadryl)What are the allergic reactions to a blood transfusion?-Answer:

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What are isotonic IV fluids?-Answer:A solution used to replace or maintainfluid and electrolyte levels.Examples: 0.9% NS, Lactated Ringers, and D5WWhat are hypotonic IV fluids?-Answer:A solution with lower concentration ofstuff on theoutside of the cell causing the fluids to move into the cell causing thecell to swell.This type of solution is used to rehydrate the patient.0.45% NS, 0.25% NS, 2.5% DextroseWhat are hypertonic IV fluids?-Answer:A solution with higher concentration ofstuff on the outside of the cell causing the fluids to leave the cell and causing thecell to shrink.This type of solutions is used to reduce swelling.D5 0.5% NS, D10WHowwould you safely administer narcotics?-Answer:Ask about allergies.Obtain baseline vitals.

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Assess respiratory functions.Ask about any constipation issues.Needs 2 people to verify and waste.What is the antidote for overdose of opioids?-Answer:Naloxone(Narcan)What is the antidote for overdose of acetaminophen?-Answer:Acetylcysteine(Mucomyst)What is the antidote for overdose of heparin (?-Answer:Protamine SulfateWhat is the antidote for overdose of warfarin (Coumadin)?-Answer:Vitamin K(Phytonadione)What is the antidote for overdose of digitalis (Digoxin)?-Answer:DigoxinImmune FabToxicity Level: > 2.0 ng/mLWhat is the antidote for overdose of insulin?-Answer:Glucose D50

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What is the antidote for overdose of theophylline?-Answer:Esmolol it's also theantidote for caffeine overdose.Toxicity Level: 20 mcg/mLWhat is the antidote for extrapyramidal symptoms?-Answer:Benztropine(Cogentin) or Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)What is the antidote for neuroleptic malignant syndrome?-Answer:Lorazepam(Ativan)What is the antidote for cholinergic crisis?-Answer:Donepezil (Aricept)What is a PCA pump?-Answer:Patient Controlled Analgesic-delivers setamount of pain medication with push of a buttonWhy would a patient be put on a PCA pump?-Answer:PCA pumps provide amore constant blood serum level of the drug compared to conventional analgesia.Which medication is most common administered via PCA pump?-Answer:morphine

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