2024 HESI PN Gerontology Actual Exam With Answers (73 Solved Questions)

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HESI PN-GERONTOLOGY LATEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM ALL70QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITHRATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+A male client is seen in the clinic for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Which intervention is essentialfor the practical nurse (PN) to include in the client's visit?a. Reeducate the client about limiting fluid intake.b. Reassure the client that his BPH is a non-life-threatening condition.c. Assess the client for urinary hesitancy and weak or split urinary stream.d. Inform theclient that there may be a genetic predisposition for male family members.-answer-c.Assess the client for urinary hesitancy and weak or split urinary stream.These symptoms may indicate progression of BPH to partial obstruction of the urethra, a medicalemergency, and need to be reported to the health care provider. Fluids should be encouraged, notlimited; hydration needs to be maintained.The oral temperature of a client with a urinary tract infection is 103° F. Which intervention should thepractical nurse (PN) implement first?a. Instruct the client on proper hygienic practices.b. Observe the color or odor of urine.c. Recheck the temperature rectally.d. Encourage fluid intake.-answer-d. Encourage fluid intake.Fluids help to reduce fever asquickly and it is important to lower the temperature as soonas possible.An older adult client is being treated for toxicity related to medication use. When reviewing the client'smedical records, the nurse is most likely to find which factor is correlated with this problem?a. The client has forgotten to take several doses of medication.b. The client's white blood cell count has steadily increased.c. The client's liver function has decreased since last year.d. The client has gained 40 pounds (18.2 kg) over 3 years.-answer-c. The client's liver function hasdecreased since last year.With aging, liver function decreases, affecting drug metabolism and detoxification. Forgetting to takedoses of medication would not cause drug toxicity; excessive doses could cause toxicity. Elevated whiteblood cell counts and weight gain would not likely cause drug toxicity.

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The practical nurse (PN) assesses the older adult client's skin for signs of breakdown and observes thatthe skin is intact. What interventions by the PN will help maintain healthy skin integrity?a. Keep the client well hydrated.b. Remove adhesive tape quickly from the skin.c. Avoid creams or lotions to ensure that the skin stays dry.d. Scrub the perineum with a wet cloth after a bowel movement.-answer-a. Keep the client wellhydrated.Keeping the client well hydrated helps prevent skin cracking and infection.The nurse has reinforced education regarding safety aspects for antihypertensive medication with anolder adult. Which statement by the client best indicates learning has been effective?a. "I should rest in bed most of the day when I take this medication."b. "I will be sure to keep this medication out of the reach of children."c. "I willneed to make sure that I take this medication with some food."d. "I will make sure that I stand up slowly if I have been sitting down."-answer-d. "I will make sure that Istand up slowly if I have been sitting down."Older adults are particularly likely to develop orthostatic hypotension after taking medications to treathypertension. It is not necessary for the older adult to stay in bed while taking this medication. Somemedications should be taken with food, others on an empty stomach. Each medication should beindividually researched. While it is important to prevent children from consuming medications intendedfor the older adult, the focus of this question is the safety of the older adult.An older adult client tells the nurse "I do not understandhow I could have a sexually transmitteddisease! My partner seems like such a nice, clean person." Which explanation should the nurse provide?a. Most people in your age are not interested in sexual relationships.b. You should have discussed this with your family before you started dating.c. Maybe you should go back to just holding hands and hugging on dates.d. Sexually transmitted diseases are possible to have at any age of your life.-answer-d. Sexuallytransmitted diseases are possible to have at any age of your life.Sexually transmitted diseases are possible at any age. It is inappropriate, untrue, andageist to commentthat older adults are not interested in sexual relations. It is very judgmental for the nurse to suggest the

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older adult should have sought their family's input or that the older adult should stop having sexualrelations.When observingan older client with dementia for symptoms of Sundowning syndrome, it is mostimportant that the practical nurse (PN) assesses for which finding?a. Observe for agitation at the end of the day.b. Perform a neurological and mental status examination.c. Monitor for medication side effects.d. Assess for decreased gross motor movement.-answer-a. Observe for agitation at the end of the day.Sundowning syndrome is a pattern of agitated behavior in the evening, believed to be associated withtiredness at the end of the day combined with fewer orienting stimuli, such as activities andinteractions.The practical nurse (PN) working at an assisted living facility is visiting with a client whose spouse died 8months ago. Which behavior by the client suggests ineffective coping with the spouse's death?a. Frequently neglects to shower and shave.b. Insists on visiting the gravesite once a month.c. Joins an exercise class at the assisted living facility.d. Keeps their photo albums out and looks through them frequently.-answer-a. Frequently neglects toshower and shave.Ineffective coping is manifested by behaviors that may be physically or psychologically harmful to theindividual. Neglecting personal hygiene is an example of ineffective coping.When initially monitoring a client after a fall, which information should the practical nurse (PN)communicate immediately to the health care provider? (Select all that apply.)a. Change in the level of consciousnessb. Increasing muscular weaknessc. Changes in pupil size bilaterallyd. Progressive nuchal rigiditye. Onset of nausea and vomiting-answer-a. Change in the level of consciousnesse. Onset of nausea and vomiting

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A decrease or change in the level of consciousness is usually the first indication of neurologicaldeterioration. Nausea and vomiting may also be present.An older adult client is seen in the clinic for problems with urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia. Thesymptoms are an example of which condition?a. Urinary tract infection (UTI)b. Normal aging changesc. Side effect of the diuretic furosemided. Partial obstruction of the urethra-answer-b. Normal aging changesNormal aging changes in the bladder are decreased capacity, increased irritability, and incompleteemptying; these changes lead to frequency, nocturia, urgency, and vulnerability to infection. Themajority of UTIs in the older adult are asymptomatic. Classic signs of UTIs are fever, dysuria, and flankpain.An older adult client is recovering from a hip fracture. The health care provider has prescribed homehealth care nursing upon discharge. Which statement describes the primary goal for the client?a. Return the client to his or her previous lifestyle.b. Avoid dependency on medication therapy.c. Establish self-care and independence.d. Maintain a friendly relationship with family members.-answer-c. Establish self-care andindependence.Loss of independence is a significant issue with the aging population and is one of the most importantissues for the home health practical nurse (PN) to establish with the client. Establishing the client'sindividual goals is the primary concern of the home health care PN.An older client at a long-term care facility is to be monitored for early signs of pneumonia. The practicalnurse's (PN) observation of the client will most likely show which early sign(s)/symptom(s)? (Select allthat apply.)a. Feverb. Abnormal breath soundsc. Tachycardiad. Confusione. Tachypnea-answer-c. Tachycardia

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d. Confusione. TachypneaThe onset of pneumonia in the older adult may be signaled by general deterioration, confusion,increased heart rate, or increased respiratory rate. Fever and abnormal breath sounds occur later withthe older adult.The nurse is assisting with data collection for an older adult who is taking daily aspirin to reduce the riskof a cardiovascular event. Which concern should the nurse report to the health care provider as soon aspossible?a. "I feel really cold much of the time."b. "I wish my children wouldvisit more."c. "Lately it's harder to drive a car at night."d. "My stools are sticky and are dark black."-answer-d. "My stools are sticky and are dark black."Dark tarry stools are an indication of gastrointestinal bleeding, an adverse effect of the daily aspirin thisclient is taking. There is no immediate need to contact the health care provider about the client feelingcold or wishing children would visit more. This client's inability to drive at night is a concern, and shouldbe discussed, but gastrointestinal bleeding needs to be dealt with first.The nurse is reinforcing education with an older adult regarding smoking cessation. The nurserecognizes teaching has been effective if the client makes which statement?a. "Stopping smoking reverses damage from emphysema."b. "Stopping smoking will not really benefit me at my age anyway."c. "Stopping smoking can also improve my heart's functioning."d. "Stopping smoking is likely impossible for people my age."-answer-c. "Stopping smoking can alsoimprove my heart's functioning."Stopping smoking can improve cardiovascular functioning. Smoking cessation will not reverse damagealready done by emphysema. Stopping smoking is possible at any age and will be of benefit.The practical nurse (PN) educatesthe client diagnosed with Parkinson about levodopa-carbidopa. Whichinstruction about this medication should the PN include in the client's discharge teaching plan?a. Notify the health care provider immediately if the urine turns bright orange.b. Notifyhealth care provider if tremors worsen.c. Take levodopa-carbidopa with a high-protein meal.

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d. Client may discontinue medication if side effects occur.-answer-b. Notify health care provider iftremors worsen.The client should call the health care provider if tremors become worse because the dose may need tobe adjusted. A bright orange color to the urine is harmless.A client who resides in a long-term care facility has a seizure disorder that has been managed withphenobarbital for several years. Lately, the client has become more difficult to arouse. Whatintervention should the PN implement?a. Carefully monitor the client's intake and output.b. Hold the medication and notify the health care provider.c.Continue to monitor the client closely for the next 24 hours.d. Determine the amount of medication the client has taken.-answer-b. Hold the medication and notifythe health care provider.The client is exhibiting signs of antiepileptic drug toxicity (AED), and a serum phenobarbital level needsto be obtained to determine if the client is experiencing drug toxicity.The nurse is caring for an older adult who is at high risk for skin breakdown. Which is the best methodfor the nurse to determine if the plan of care for this client is effective?a. Reviewing the documentation of the client's turn scheduleb. Turning the client at least every 2 hours around the clockc. Assessing the client's skin for pressure ulcers every shiftd. Completing a nutritionalassessment to determine protein needs-answer-c. Assessing the client's skinfor pressure ulcers every shiftThe best way to determine if the plan of care to prevent skin breakdown is effective is to actually assessthe client's skin. Reviewing documentation and completing a nutritional assessment will not likely give acomplete picture. Turning the client every 2 hours is an intervention, not a method of evaluating theeffectiveness of care.

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An older client is discharged from the hospital with a prescription for digoxin 0.25 mg daily. Whichinstruction should the practical nurse (PN) include in this client's discharge teaching plan?a. Take the medication in the morning before rising.b. Take and record radial pulse rate daily.c. Expect some vision changes due to the medication.d. Increase intake of foods rich in vitamin K.-answer-b. Take and record radial pulse rate daily.Monitoring pulse rate is very important when taking digoxin. The client should be further instructed toreport pulse rates below 60 or greater than 110 beats/min and to withhold the dosage until consultingwith the health care provider.An older client isreceiving hospice care and the spouse and family have expressed several concerns.Which concern expressed by the family should the practical nurses (PN) address first?a. The spouse asks about the side effects of the client's pain medication.b. The client's family requests referrals for support groups to help with the grieving process.c. The spouse reports that the client finally slept for more than 2 hours last night.d. The client's spouse wants to know when it is time to call 9-1-1.-answer-d. The client's spouse wantsto know when it is time to call 9-1-1.This statement by the client's spouse about calling 9-1-1 shows that further education is needed abouthospice and the end-of-life process.The practical nurse (PN) reinforces nutritional counseling to a group of clients with diabetes. What is themost important purpose of a diabetic diet?a. To manage adults with type 1 diabetesb. To be used during periods of high stressc. To stabilize the blood glucose level through a balanced dietd. To normalize the blood glucose level by eliminating sugar-answer-c. To stabilize the blood glucoselevel through a balanced diet

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The purpose of the diabetic diet is to stabilize the blood glucose level by providing balanced nutrition.The nurse at a long-term care facility is working with a group of unlicensed assistive personnel (UAPs)and is asking the UAPs to provide oral care to the residents. The nurse should explain this is important toprovide for which vital reasons? (Select all that apply.)a. Inspecting agencies review medical records for complianceb. Frequent oral care reduces halitosis, or bad breath, in older adultsc. Dental caries, or cavities, can occur in older adults resulting in teeth lossd. Dry mouth in older adults may cause a decreasedappetite, resulting in poor nutritione. If multiple teeth are missing, the older adult has difficulty eating fresh vegetables-answer-c. Dentalcaries, or cavities, can occur in older adults resulting in teeth lossd. Dry mouth in older adults may causea decreased appetite, resulting in poor nutritione. If multiple teeth are missing, the older adult has difficulty eating fresh vegetablesIt is important to ensure that older adults receive adequate oral care, because cavities, dry mouth, andmissing teeth can lead to teeth loss. This can cause severe nutritional problems due to the inability tochew meats, fresh fruits and vegetables, and other essential food items. While it is true that inspectingagencies often review medical records, this is not the most crucial reason to provide this care. Halitosiscan be caused by poor oral hygiene, but this is also not the most crucial reason to provide care.An 83-year-old client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus has been admitted to home health carefor an ulcer on the heel of the left foot. Which changes in the foot should the practical nurse (PN) expectto find? (Select all that apply.)a.Pedal pulses will be weak or absent in the left foot.b. The client states that the left foot is usually warm.c. Flexion and extension of the left foot will be limited.d. Capillary refill of the client's left toes is longer than 2 seconds.e. The clientdenies any pain in the left foot.-answer-a. Pedal pulses will be weak or absent in the leftfoot.

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e. The client denies any pain in the left foot.Symptoms associated with decreased blood supply are weak or absent pedal and tibial pulses. The clientdenying any pain is a common complication with type 2 diabetes in the elderly.The client is recently diagnosed with Parkinson disease and is to begin medication therapy. What is thepurpose of the client's medication therapy?a. Decrease tremors.b. Slow disease progression.c. Cure Parkinson disease.d. Improve short-term memory.-answer-a. Decrease tremors.Drug therapy for Parkinson disease is used to reduce symptoms, such as tremors, to improve the client'squality of life.The nurse is meeting with agroup of older adults to encourage the adults to incorporate exercise intotheir healthy lifestyle. Which type of exercise should the nurse encourage this group to undertake?a. Walking on a daily basisb. Jogging, but only weeklyc. Sprinting, but onlyon weekendsd. Exercise is rarely recommended for older adults-answer-a. Walking on a daily basisExercise for older adults should be regular and low impact. Daily walking fits this criterion. Weekly orweekend only exercise is not frequent enough. Most health older adults can perform some type ofincreased activity.The practical nurse (PN) gives written discharge instructions to an older adult client who has undergonecataract surgery on the right eye. Which discharge instruction should the PN reinforce?

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