HESI Comprehensive Entrance Exam With Answers (292 Solved Questions)

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HESI A2 ENTRANCE EXAM: READINGCOMPREHENSION, CHEMISTRY,GRAMMAR, BIOLOGY, VOCABULARY& GENERAL KNOWLEDGE, CRITICALTHINKING, ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGYAND MATHVERSION 2(With answers)

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Reading ComprehensionNeurologists and biological psychologists have witnessed a sharp increase in the knowledgeand understanding of particular structures of the brain over the past two decades. As technologybecomes ever more advanced, scientists are able to isolate the functions of even small regions ofthe human brain. One noteworthy discovery is the role of the amygdala in human fear andaggression. The amygdala, a small, almond-shaped conglomerate, is just one part of the limbicsystem. Located at the very center of the brain, the limbic system is the core of our 'emotionalbrain;' each individual structure in the limbic system is somehow connected to an aspect ofhuman emotion. Scientists have found that electrode stimulation of the amygdala can elicitextreme and aggressive acts. Patients or experimental subjects who experience this utter rageand fearlessness have no rational foundation for their reaction. In other words, this aggression iswholly attributable to electrode stimulation. On the other hand, patients with trauma or damageto this structure exhibit a complete absence of aggression. Researchers find that no amount ofpoking, prodding or harassment will evoke even remotely aggressive responses from thesesubjects.1.The author suggests that persistent passivity and imperturbability may be a directresult of which of the following?A.Drug-induced stimulation of the amygdala.B.A stroke that resulted in severe tissue damage in the limbic systemC.Encephalitis as a result of head traumaD.Activation of a strategically implanted electrode in a patient’s amygdala.2.Which statement is not listed as a detail within the passage?A.Electrode stimulation of the amygdala can elicit extreme aggressive acts.B.Scientists are able to isolate the functions of even small regions of the human brain.C.Typically, temperamental rhesus monkeys with amygdala damage are completelyimperturbable.D.Subjects who experience this utter rage and fearlessness have no rational foundation fortheirreaction.3.What is the main idea of the passage?

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A.The human brain is as complex as it is mysterious.B.Patients with damaged amygdalas are less aggressive than individuals with healthy ones.C.Electrode stimulation is a valuable tool for researchers who study the human brain.D.Scientists have learned a lot about how the amygdala affects human emotion.The Bicycle V2Today, bicycles are so common that it’s hard to believe they haven’t always been around. Buttwo hundred years ago, bicycles didn’t even exist, and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in1818, was nothing like our bicycles today. It was made of wood and didn’t even have pedals.Since then, however, numerous innovations and improvements in design have made the bicycleone of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around the world. In 1839,Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, dramatically improved upon the original bicycledesign. Macmillan’s machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. Healso used foot–operated cranks like pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. Itdidn’t look much like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially largerthan its front wheel. In 1861, the French Michaux brothers took4.The main idea of this passage is best explained in which sentence?A.Sentence (1): Today, bicycles are so common that it’s hard to believe they haven’talways been around.B.Sentence (13): It wasn’t until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on thescene.C.Sentence (4): Since then, however, numerous innovations and improvements in designhave made the bicycle one of the mostpopular means of recreation and transportationaround the world.D.Sentence (18): Today they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world.5.Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

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A.Bicycles are betterB.A ride through the history ofbicyclesC.Cycle your way to fitnessD.The popularity of bicycles6.Sentence (8); It didn’t look much like a modern bicycle, through because its backwheel was substantially larger than its front wheel, “follows which pattern?A.Fact, factB.Fact, opinionC.Opinion,factD.Opinion, opinion7.Macmillan added iron rims to the tires of his bicycle to….oAdd wight to the bicycleoMakes the tires last longeroMakes the ride less bumpyoMakes the ride less tiringJazzJazz has been called "the art of expression set to music", and "America's greatcontribution to music". It has functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods of widespreadpublic response, in the "jazz age" of the 1920s, in the "swing era" of the late 1930s and in thepeak popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard legend about Jazz is that itoriginated around the end of the 19th century in New Orleans and moved up the MississippiRiver to Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It welded together the elements ofRagtime, marching band music, and the Blues. However, the influences of what led to thoseearly sounds goes back to tribal African drumbeats and European musical structures. BuddyBolden, a New Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered to have been the firstreal Jazz musician, around 1891. What made Jazz significantly different from the other earlierforms of music was the use of improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from traditional musicwhere a composer wrote an entire piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians to break

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their backs playing exactly what was written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however, the songis simply a starting point, or sort of skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to improvise around.Many of the early Jazz musicians were bad sight readers and some couldn't even read musicat all. These early musicians couldn't make money very much and were stuck working menialjobs to make a living. The second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians included suchmemorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed smallbands and took the music of earlier musicians, improved its complexity, and gained greatersuccess. This music is known as "hot Jazz" due to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmicdrive. A young cornet player by the name of Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliverin New Orleans. He soon grewup to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians of all time, and later one of thebiggest stars in the world. The impact of Armstrong and other talented early Jazz musicianschanged the way we look at music.8.Definition of confluence.a.Meldingb.Influencec.Intersectiond.Comingtogether9.Where and when did jazz originate?Southern US. 20thcentury10.How does the author regardJazz?a. A realaficionadob.Unable to determinec.Doesn’tlike it muchd.Enjoys it occasionally11.Derivation of the word“Jazz”West coastslang

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Electoral CollegeThe Electoral College has nothing to do with college and contains no students. TheElectoral College consists of votes that each state acquires based on the number ofrepresentatives it has in Congress. Each state has two electoral votes because each state hastwo senators. The remaining electoral votes are determined by the number of Congressmen,the number of which is based on the population of the state established by the Census takeneach decade. During the presidential election, most states cast all their electoral votes for thecandidate who wins the popular vote in that state. It's all very confusing, but the foundingfathers know what they were doing. By having and using the Electoral College candidates'campaign in every state, but just because they win the popular vote across the country doesn'tmean they will always win the election. Case in point, in election 2000, Al Gore won thepopular vote across the country, but George W. Bush won more electoral votes. Therefore, hebecame our 43rd president.12.Which statement is a fact?Each state casts their electoral votesduringthe Presidentialelection.13.What does cast mean?Togiveone’svote14.The author intends the ready to?Have an understanding of the Electoral College.The Golden Gate Bridge PassageThe Golden Gate Bridge is one of the most famous straits on the west coast of America. Thenarrow passage crosses the Pacific Ocean. Before the bridge, people traveled by boat.The Golden Garden Bridge is a suspension strain with to great of a risk for some residents.Joseph Strauss, chief engineer, overcame many technical problems. Risks were taken tocomplete the bridge, but the best and brightest worked on the challenge to build a bridge whichconnects the Pacific Ocean to San Francisco Bay.

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Strauss set a net installed beneath the gate that saved numerous lives because he was concernedfor the safety of his workers. The workers started building at each end with big concrete blockssunk deep into the ground which over 200 thick steel cables which the bridge would besuspended were to be anchored. The workers after completed the roadway which was the mostdangerous task.Today, the famous west coast strait is a staple to San Francisco.Golden Gate BridgeLinking San Francisco to Marin County in California, the Golden Gate Bridge is one of the mostfamous bridges in the world. The bridge crosses over a narrow strait which connects the PacificOcean to San Francisco Bay. Prior to the bridge, people traveled by ferry boat across the strait.Although most people thought a bridge was necessary to expedite travel, some residents of theBay area felt the risk of building the bridge was too great. Joseph Strauss believed that nothingwas impossible, and dreams would never come to fruition if risks weren’t taken. So, he decidedto gather the best and brightest builders, architects, and workers to embark on the challenge ofbuilding a bridge across the Golden Gate Strait. With safety nets in place, the constructionbegan in 1937. Building the anchorages first, the builders then move on to the towers on eachend, and then to the three-foot thick cables to support the suspension bridge. Lastly, workerslabored to complete the roadway which become the most dangerous and treacherous part of theentire task. The builders had to keep the bridge balance, so it wouldn’t fall into the bay. Today,over sixty-five years later, the bridge remains a lifeline for the people of the San Francisco BayArea.15.The authors’ reason for writing this piece seems to be toInform the reader16.1What body of water does The Golden Gate Bridge cross?Golden Gate Strait17.Why was the roadway so dangerous to build?If the road wasn’t balanced, it would collapse

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18.In the passage the word embark means toBegin an undertaking, start19.Which part of the bridge was built first?Anchorage20.Where is The Golden Gate Bridge located specifically?A.West CoastB.San FranciscoC.San FernandoD.America21.Why did Strauss set a net?A.For suspensionB.For balanceC.For aestheticsD.For safety22.Which part of the bridge was built first?A.Steel cablesB.A netC.The roadwayD.Concrete blocks23.In passage the word strait means toA.A narrow passageB.Moving in one directionC.Move away aimlesslyD.A roadway

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A bit about bicyclesToday, bicycles are so common that it's hard to believe they haven't always beenaround. But two hundred years ago, bicycles didn't even exist, and the first bicycle, invented inGermany in 1818, was nothing like our bicycles today. It was made of wood and didn't evenhave pedals. Since then, however, numerous innovations and improvements in design havemade the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around theworld. In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, dramatically improved upon theoriginal bicycle design. Macmillan's machine had tires with iron rims to keep them fromgetting worn down. He also used foot-operated cranks like pedals, so his bicycle could beridden at a quick pace. It didn't look much like a modern bicycle, though, because its backwheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. In 1861, the French Michaux brothers tookthe evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism. Tenyears later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. He made thefront wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make thebicycle more efficient, and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicyclewas much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top heavy, and riddenmostly for entertainment. It wasn't until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared onthe scene. (14) Invented by another Englishman, H.J. Lawson, the "safety bicycle" would lookfamiliar to today's cyclists. This bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it less prone totoppling over. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. With theseimprovements, the bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Todaythey are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world.24.About how long did it take for bicycles to look and feel like they do today?53 centuries or 5300years.25.The author intended the reader to what?Understand abitabout the history ofbicycles26.Taste means?a.Perceiving a sensation on the tongueb.A sensation in the

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tonguec.Alikingd.Ability to enjoy what is beautiful and harmonious27.What has been added to the basic design of the bicycle?Gears and hand operatedbreaks28.After reading this article the reader learned that?Bicyclingisgaininginpopularity all over the world.The MoonThe Moon has been worshipped by primitive peoples and has inspired humans to createeverything from lunar calendars to love sonnets, but what do we really know about it? The mostaccepted theory about the origin of the Moon is that it was formed of the debris from a massivecollision with the young Earth about 4.6 billion years ago. A huge body, perhaps the size ofMars, struck the Earth, throwing out an immense amount of debris that coalesced and cooled inorbit around the Earth.The development of Earth is inextricably linked to the moon; the Moon’s gravitational influenceupon the Earth is the primary cause of ocean tides. In fact, the Moon has more than twice theeffect upon the tides than does the Sun. The Moon makes one rotation and completes arevolution around the Earth every 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes. This synchronous rotationis caused by an uneven distribution of mass in the Moon (essentially, it is heavier on one sidethan the other) and has allowed the Earth’s gravity to keep one side of the Moon permanentlyfacing Earth. It is an average distance from Earth of 384,403 km.The Moon has no atmosphere; without an atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to protect it frommeteorite impacts, and thus the surface of the Moon is covered with impact craters, both largeand small. The Moon also has no active tectonic or volcanic activity, so the erosive effects ofatmospheric weathering, tectonic shifts, and volcanic upheavals that tend to erase and reform theEarth’s surface features are not at work on the Moon. In fact, even tiny surface features such asthe footprint left by an astronaut in the lunar soil are likely to last for millions of years, unlessobliterated by a chance meteorite strike. The surface gravity of the Moon is about one-sixth that

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of the Earth’s. Therefore, a man weighing 82 kilograms on Earth would only weigh 14kilograms on the Moon.The geographical features of the Earth most like that of the Moon are, in fact, places such as theHawaiian volcanic craters and the huge meteor crater in Arizona. The climate of the Moon isvery unlike either Hawaii or Arizona, however; in fact the temperature on the Moon rangesbetween 123 degrees C. to–233 degrees C.29.What is the passage primarily about?A.What we know about the Moon and its differences to EarthB.A comparison of the Moon and the EarthC.The Moon’s effect upon the EarthD.The origin of the Moon30.The word “massive” in line 4 is closest in meaning toA.DenseB.ImpressiveC.HugeD.Unavoidable31.The word “debris” in line 5 is closest in meaning toA.EarthB.RubbishC.MoonsD.Satellites32.According to the passage, the Moon isA.Older than the EarthB.Composed of a few active volcanoesC.The primary cause of Earth’s ocean tidesD.Protected by a dense atmosphere

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33.The word “uneven “in line 11 is closest in meaning toA.HeavierB.Not uniformC.OrderlyD.Equally distributed34.Why does the author mention “impact craters” in line 16?A.To explain the corrosive effects of atmospheric weatheringB.To explain why the Moon has no plant life because of meteoritesC.To show the result of the Moon not having an atmosphereD.To show the result of the Moon not having active tectonic or volcanic activity35.The word “erase” in line 19 is closest in meaning toA.ImpactB.EruptC.ChangeD.Obliterate36.A person on the Moon would weigh less than on the Earth becauseA.The surface gravity of the Moon is lessB.The Moon has no active tectonic or volcanic activityC.Of the composition of lunar soilD.The Moon has no atmosphere37.All of the following are true about the Moon EXCEPTA.It has less effect upon the tides than the SunB.It has a wide range of temperaturesC.It is unable to protect itself from meteorite attacksD.It is heavier on one side than the other

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38.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A.The Moon is not able to support human lifeB.If the Moon had no gravitational influence, the Earth would not have tidesC.People living in Hawaii and Arizona would feel at home on the MoonD.Mars could have been formed in a similar way to the Moon39.Why did the author write the passage?A.To summarize the main features of immigrationB.To explain and give examples of the concept of a ―melting pot‖C.To outline the ways immigration has been restrictedD.To emphasize the impact of migrants from EuropeA nanometer is a billionth of a meter. A DNA molecule is 2 nanometers in diameter. Proteinmolecules are about 10 nanometers in diameter. A human hair is 100,000 nanometers indiameter. But what is a nanometer and how does it relate to technology? Nanotechnology isdefined as the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100nanometers, a scale at which unique properties of materials emerge that can be used to developnovel technologies and products. At the nanoscale, the physical, chemical, and biologicalproperties of materials differ from the properties of matter either at smaller scales, such asatoms, or at larger scales that we use in everyday life such as millimeters or inches.Nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter only a fewnanometers in size. Gold nanoparticles are made of the same material as in jewelry. But whenlight interacts with particles of gold, different colors are reflected. The different colors can beused in simple medical tests to indicate infection or disease. Metals such as copper becomeextremely rigid at the nanoscale, rather than bendable as in copper wires seen in everyday use.40.What is the major difference between matter at the nanoscale and matter at largerscales such as millimeters or inches?A.At the nanoscale, metals are bendable, and at larger scales they are rigid.B.Matter has different and special characteristics at the nanoscale.C.At the nanoscale, matter has the same properties as matter at the atomic level.D.There is no difference.

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41.Which claim from the passage best describes the benefits of nanotechnology?A.Scientists can develop novel technologies and products.B.Nanotechnology is defined as the understanding and control of matter at dimensions ofroughly 1 to 100 nanometers.C.The different colors can be used in simple medical tests to indicate infection or disease.D.Unique properties of materials emerge.42.What is the author’s primary purpose in writing this essay?A.To explain how to utilize the nanoscaleB.To review the conversion between the nanoscale and nanotechnologyC.To advocate for the usage of more nanotechnologyD.To describe nanotechnology and what it isLightning Strike43.The author seems to.Favor the useof lightningrods44.The passage suggest lightning rods are used to what?Draw lightning away frombuildings.45.When taking cover from lightning, you should?Getintometal car, orlieflat46.The reader can conclude that lightning?Consists of amainstroke and several smallerstrokes.47.The word penetrates means.Topierce

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Critical Thinking Questions1.The Patient: A 65-year- old male.The Situation: The family brings the patient to the emergency room because he just took anentire bottle of pills.The Question: What action should the nurse take first?

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