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Essentials of Public Health, 2nd Edition Test Bank

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Essentials of Public Health, 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 1 preview imageEssentials of Public Health, Second EditionbyBernard J. TurnockTest BankChapter 1© 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC1File: chap01, Chapter 1.Multiple Choice1.Major eras in the history of the American public health system were characterized by all ofthe following EXCEPT:A.Intermittent epidemics throughout the 18th and 19th centuries.B.Edwin Chadwick's epidemiological investigations of cholera.C.The development of state and local public health systems into the mid-20th century.D.The movement into the provision of medical care services after about 1950.Ans:B2.Which of the following statements characterizes an important difference between publichealth and most other professions?A.Education and training beyond the undergraduate (college) level is not available for publichealth.B.Large professional organizations are not available for public health.C.Public health professionals work only in the public sector.D.Although they come from many professions and disciplines, their common bond is not one ofa shared body of knowledge or academic preparation, but a commitment to the goals of theimproved population health.Ans: D3.Which of these important public health figures from the 19th century advanced the argumentthat the factors contributing to fatal diseases should be identified as the official causes ofdeath?A.Edwin ChadwickB.Lemuel ShattuckC.William FarrD.John SnowAns: C
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Essentials of Public Health, 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 2 preview image
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Essentials of Public Health, 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 3 preview imageEssentials of Public Health, Second EditionbyBernard J. TurnockTest BankChapter 1© 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC24.Based on a quick examination of Internet web sites, which of these organizations is mostclosely affiliated with local public health agencies across the U.S.?A.NACCHOB.ASTHOC.APHAD.CDCAns: A5.Based on a quick examination of Internet web sites, which of these federal health agenciesplaces the greatest emphasis on prevention?A.Food and Drug AdministrationB.Health Resources and Services AdministrationC.American Public Health AssociationD.Centers for Disease ControlAns: D6.In which form of justice are collective actions leading to the assumption of additionalburdens often necessary in order to assure the fair distribution of societal benefits?A.Market justiceB.Judicial justiceC.Social justiceD.Individual justiceAns: C7.As a result of legislation enacted by Congress, this agency was moved out of the USTreasury Department and placed in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (nowthe Department of Health and Human Services). It was first established as the MarineHospital Service in 1789.A.World Health OrganizationB.American Public Health AssociationC.National Foundation---March of Dimes
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Essentials of Public Health, 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 4 preview imageEssentials of Public Health, Second EditionbyBernard J. TurnockTest BankChapter 1© 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC3D.US Public Health ServiceAns: D8.In 1900, the leading cause of death in the United States was which of the followingconditions?"A.tuberculosisB.diphtheriaC.typhoid feverD.pneumonia and influenzaAns: D9.Public health was characterized as fulfilling society's interest in assuring conditions in whichpeople could be healthy by:A.US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Healthy People 2000B.Institute of Medicine in The Future of Public HealthC.C.E.A. WinslowD.Sir Geoffrey VickersAns: B10.Which of the following does not represent an important achievement of public health intwentieth century America?A.fluoridation of drinking water to prevent dental cariesB.control of infectious diseasesC.prevention of bio-terrorism threatsD.decline in deaths from heart disease and strokeAns: C11.The Report on the Sanitary Commission of Massachusetts---perhaps the most outstandingtreatise in the history of American public health---was written by:A.John Snow
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Essentials of Public Health, 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 5 preview imageEssentials of Public Health, Second EditionbyBernard J. TurnockTest BankChapter 1© 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC4B.Edwin ChadwickC.Lemuel ShattuckD.W.H. FrostAns: C12.Public health systems and services have evolved differently in various parts of the world, aswell as in the United States among the various states. Which of the following pairs bestidentifies the two major forces that have shaped public health activities over time andgeography?A.religion and transportationB.science and social valuesC.epidemics and nationalismD.capitalism and cultureAns: B13.Introduction of smallpox vaccination is credited to which of these individuals?A.VirchowB.PasteurC.ListerD.JennerAns: D14.Two important frameworks for modern public health practice areA.Centers for Disease Control Charter and the US ConstitutionB.Ten commitments of public health and interstate public health compactC.Ecological model and essential public health servicesD.NACCO Profile of Local Health Departments and Healthy People 1990Ans: C15.Compared with the situation in the US in 1900, the number of deaths due to infectiousdiseases is:
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Essentials of Public Health, 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 6 preview imageEssentials of Public Health, Second EditionbyBernard J. TurnockTest BankChapter 1© 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC5A.About the sameB.Much lessC.Much moreD.About the same but caused by different pathogens such as HIVAns: B16.Which of the follow statements best characterize the termpublic health ethicsA.Motivation based on ideas of right and wrongB.Values that guide actions to promote health and prevent injury and disease in the populationC.Principles of conduct governing an individual or professionD.Branch of philosophy dealing with value relating to human conduct with respect to thegoodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actionsAns: B17.Which of the following had the greatest impact on average life expectancy in the US between1900 and 2000?A.Vaccinations for infectious diseasesB.Improvements in sanitation and hygieneC.Advances in medical care technologyD.Health educationAns: B18.Which of the following pairs of values are most likely to conflict during a response to apublic health emergency?A.Truth-telling versus justiceB.Beneficence versus justiceC.Individual autonomy versus community welfareD.Community welfare versus truth-tellingAns: C
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Essentials of Public Health, 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 7 preview imageEssentials of Public Health, Second EditionbyBernard J. TurnockTest BankChapter 1© 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC6True or False19.The Public Health Code of Ethics is an exhaustive set of health principles that should be heldby people in the public health disciplineAns:False20.The Cholera epidemic of the 1854 afflicted poverty stricken individuals more than affluentindividuals.Ans:False
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Essentials of Public Health, 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 8 preview imageEssentials of Public Health, Second EditionbyBernard J. TurnockTest BankChapter 2© 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC1File: chap02, Chapter 2.Multiple Choice1.Which of the following is not considered one of the 3 Ps or most important determinants ofhealth worldwide?A.Population growthB.Personal responsibilityC.PollutionD.PovertyAns: B2.Which two lifestyle factors have been reported to be the most important causes ofpreventable mortality in the U.S.?A.alcohol and obesityB.substance abuse and sexual activityC.stress and high blood pressureD.tobacco and diet/physical activityAns: D3.Key demographic trends that will impact public health and the future need for programs andservices include all of the following except:A.Shrinking US population and greater utilization levels of health care services by men thanwomenB.The aging population and the influence of the Baby Boom generationC.Declining younger population and changes in the family unitD.Greater racial and ethnic diversityAns: A
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Essentials of Public Health, 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 9 preview imageEssentials of Public Health, Second EditionbyBernard J. TurnockTest BankChapter 2© 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC24.A measure of health status that attempts to gauge the social impact of various diseases andconditions by adjusting for differences in the age of the population affected is:A.Years of potential life lostB.Crude mortality rateC.Prematurity rateD.Index of leading economic indicatorsAns: A5.In terms of its ranking among the world’s nations for mortality rates, the U.S. generallyranks:A.best (i.e., the lowest rate) among all countriesB.among the ten countries with the lowest ratesC.below (i.e., has a higher rate than) about 25 to 30 other countriesD.among the ten countries with the highest ratesAns:C6.Compared with a country with a steady population, a country with a rapidly growingpopulation is most likely to have which of the following characteristics:A.A higher proportion of the population less than 15 years oldB.A higher age-adjusted mortality rateC.A higher(i.e., longer) population doubling timeD.A low migration rateAns: A7.In 1900, the leading cause of death in the United States was which of the followingconditions?A.tuberculosisB.diphtheriaC.typhoid feverD.pneumonia and influenzaAns: D
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Essentials of Public Health, 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 10 preview imageEssentials of Public Health, Second EditionbyBernard J. TurnockTest BankChapter 2© 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC38.Which of the following was in the top five causes of death in both 1900 and 2000?A.tuberculosisB.accidentsC.heart diseaseD.diabetesAns: C9.Which of the following health measures has the greatest potential for prevention of disease inthe U.S.?A.Environmental modificationB.Genetic counselingC.ImmunizationD.Modification of personal health behaviorAns: D10.The World Health Organization (WHO) definition of good human health includes:A.Physical and social well-beingB.Mental and physical well-beingC.Mental and social well-beingD.Physical, mental, and social well-beingAns: D11.The list of major obstacles to global public health progress includes all of the followingexcept:A.Population growth and poverty in underdeveloped countriesB.Inadequate government organization and financing of health programsC.Climatological differences across the globeD.Maldistribution of resourcesAns: C
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Essentials of Public Health, 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 11 preview imageEssentials of Public Health, Second EditionbyBernard J. TurnockTest BankChapter 2© 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC412.A physician fills out a death certificate as follow: IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF DEATH-pulmonary embolism DUE TO-deep venous thrombosis DUE TO-pancreatic cancer. Shenotes that a liver biopsy was performed prior to death. In the U.S. vital statistics, this deathwould be recorded as due to:A.pulmonary embolismB.deep venous thrombosisC.pancreatic cancerD.complication of liver biopsyAns: C13.Healthy People 2010 categorizes U.S. health issues according to:A.primary, secondary, and tertiary preventionB.morbidity and disability in regions of the U.S.C.life stages of development and health problems from infants to elderlyD.health promotion, protection, and preventionAns: D14. Mortality rates in the US show the following gender differences:A.males greater than femalesB.females greater than malesC.males equal to femalesD.males equal to females in the first years of lifeAns: A15. Which of the following is the best source of information on adult and infant mortality?A.Disease registriesB.Vital statisticsC.Special survey studiesD.Hospital care statisticsAns: B
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Essentials of Public Health, 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 12 preview imageEssentials of Public Health, Second EditionbyBernard J. TurnockTest BankChapter 2© 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC516. The best single predictor of poor health in a community is:A.Poor sanitary conditionsB.Lack of medical careC.GeneticsD.PovertyAns: D17. In the US, the national health promotion and disease prevention agenda is known as:A.Healthy PeopleB.No Child Left BehindC.The Mothers’ MarchD.Red CrossAns: A18. Which of the following is not a mortality-based indicator of health status in a population?A. Life expectancy at birthB. Prevalence rateC. Crude mortality rateD. Years of potential life lost before age 65Ans: B19. A direct contributing factor may be defined as:A. Scientifically established factor that relates directly to the level of the health problemB.A community-specific factor that affects the level of contributing factorC.A scientifically established factor the directly affects the level of the determinantD. The differences in health which are not only unnecessary and avoidable but are alsoconsidered unfair and unjustAns: C
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Essentials of Public Health, 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 13 preview imageEssentials of Public Health, Second EditionbyBernard J. TurnockTest BankChapter 2© 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC620. Which of the following statements is false?A. Cost-utility analyses are similar to cost-effectiveness studies, except that the results arecharacterized as cost per quality-adjusted life yearB. When comprehensively performed, a cost-effectiveness analysis is considered the goldstandard of economic evaluations.C. Cost-benefit analysis results are expressed in terms of net costs, net benefits, and timerequired to recoup an initial investment.D. Costeffectiveness analyses focus on one outcome to determine the most cost-effectiveintervention when several options are possible.Ans: B
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Essentials of Public Health, 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 14 preview imageEssentials of Public Health, Second EditionbyBernard J. TurnockTest BankChapter 3© 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC1File: chap03, Chapter 3.Multiple Choice1.The total level of health expenditures for health and medical care services in the UnitedStates for 2010 is closest to which of these figures?A.$750 millionB.$750 billionC.$2.5 trillionD.$7.5 trillionAns:C2.All of the following comparisons of the US and Canadian health care systems are trueEXCEPT:A.the percentage of the national GDP devoted to health care is higher in the USB.the percentage of people who are uninsured is higher in the US.C.fees for physician services are higher in the US.D.life expectancy is greater in the US.Ans: D3.What major public health intervention strategy has the purpose of eliminating or reducingexposure to harmful factors by modifying human behavior?A.heath promotionB.emergency medical servicesC.health monitoringD.environmental scanningAns: A
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Essentials of Public Health, 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 15 preview imageEssentials of Public Health, Second EditionbyBernard J. TurnockTest BankChapter 3© 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC24.Medical services (including clinical preventive services such as immunizations and screeningtests) account for what share of the 30-year increased life expectancy achieved for Americansbetween 1900 and 2000?A.1 yearB.5 yearsC.15 yearsD.25 yearsAns: B5.Which of the following were the two over-arching goals of Healthy People 2010?A.increase access to preventive services and increase the span of healthy lifeB.reduce health disparities and increase immunization rates for all age groupsC.increase the quality and years of healthy life and reduce health disparitiesD.increase immunization rates for all age groups and increase access to preventive servicesAns: C6.Health care expenditures in the United States increased from $12.7 billion in 1950 to over$2.5 trillion in 2010. About what proportion of the gross national product was spent on healthcare in 2010?A.6 percentB.10 percentC.12 percentD.16 percentAns: D7.Appropriate considerations for implementation of a screening test include all the followingEXCEPT:A.cost of screening testB.efficacy of treatmentC.the physician's familiarity with the diseaseD.potential adverse effects of screening testAns: C
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Essentials of Public Health, 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 16 preview imageEssentials of Public Health, Second EditionbyBernard J. TurnockTest BankChapter 3© 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC38.Early detection of disease and interventions to reverse, halt, or at least slow the progressionof a condition, often performed when disease is not yet symptomatic, is a description of:A.primary preventionB.secondary preventionC.tertiary preventionD.none of the aboveAns: B9.Important factors shaping health policy in the United States include all of the followingEXCEPT:A.federalismB.pluralismC.socialismD.incrementalismAns: C10.Immunizations fall into what category of disease prevention?A.primary preventionB.secondary preventionC.tertiary preventionD.none of the aboveAns: A11.The approximate percentage of all health and medical care expenditures in the United Statesspent on clinical preventive and public health services is:A.25-30 percentB.15-20 percentC.5-10 percentD.less than 5 percent
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