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Essentials of Public Health, 2nd Edition Test Bank

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    Essentials of Public Health, Second Edition by Bernard J. Turnock Test Bank – Chapter 1 © 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC 1 File: chap01, Chapter 1 . Multiple Choice 1. Major eras in the history of the American public health system were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: A. Intermittent epidemics throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. B. Edwin Chadwick's epidemiological investigations of cholera. C. The development of state and local public health systems into the mid - 20th century. D. The movement into the provision of medical care services after about 1950. Ans: B 2. Which of the following statements characterizes an important difference between public health and most other professions? A. Education and training beyond the undergraduate (college) level is not available for public health. B. Large professional organizations are not available for public health. C. Public health professionals work only in the public sector. D. Although they come from many professions and disciplines, their common bond is not one of a shared body of knowledge or academic preparation, but a commitment to the goals of the improved population health. Ans: D 3. Which of these important public health figures from the 19th century advanced the argument that the factors contributing to fatal diseases should be identified as the official causes of death? A. Edwin Chadwick B. Lemuel Shattuck C. William Farr D. John Snow Ans: C

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    Essentials of Public Health, Second Edition by Bernard J. Turnock Test Bank – Chapter 1 © 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC 2 4. Based on a quick examination of Internet web sites, which of these organizations is most closely affiliated with local public health agencies across the U.S.? A. NACCHO B. ASTHO C. APHA D. CDC Ans: A 5. Based on a quick examination of Internet web sites, which of these federal health agencies places the greatest emphasis on prevention? A. Food and Drug Administration B. Health Resources and Services Administration C. American Public Health Association D. Centers for Disease Control Ans: D 6. In which form of justice are collective actions leading to the assumption of additional burdens often necessary in order to assure the fair distribution of societal benefits? A. Market justice B. Judicial justice C. Social justice D. Individual justice Ans: C 7. As a result of legislation enacted by Congress, this agency was moved out of the US Treasury Department and placed in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services). It was first established as the Marine Hospital Service in 1789. A. World Health Organization B. American Public Health Association C. National Foundation --- March of Dimes

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    Essentials of Public Health, Second Edition by Bernard J. Turnock Test Bank – Chapter 1 © 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC 3 D. US Public Health Service Ans: D 8. In 1900, the leading cause of death in the United States was which of the following conditions?" A. tuberculosis B. diphtheria C. typhoid fever D. pneumonia and influenza Ans: D 9. Public health was characterized as fulfilling society's interest in assuring conditions in which people could be healthy by: A. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Healthy People 2000 B. Institute of Medicine in The Future of Public Health C. C.E.A. Winslow D. Sir Geoffrey Vickers Ans: B 10. Which of the following does not represent an important achievement of public health in twentieth century America? A. fluoridation of drinking water to prevent dental caries B. control of infectious diseases C. prevention of bio - terrorism threats D. decline in deaths from heart disease and stroke Ans: C 11. The Report on the Sanitary Commission of Massachusetts --- perhaps the most outstanding treatise in the history of American public health --- was written by: A. John Snow

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    Essentials of Public Health, Second Edition by Bernard J. Turnock Test Bank – Chapter 1 © 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC 4 B. Edwin Chadwick C. Lemuel Shattuck D. W.H. Frost Ans: C 12. Public health systems and services have evolved differently in various parts of the world, as well as in the United States among the various states. Which of the following pairs best identifies the two major forces that have shaped public health activities over time and geography? A. religion and transportation B. science and social values C. epidemics and nationalism D. capitalism and culture Ans: B 13. Introduction of smallpox vaccination is credited to which of these individuals? A. Virchow B. Pasteur C. Lister D. Jenner Ans: D 14. Two important frameworks for modern public health practice are A. Centers for Disease Control Charter and the US Constitution B. Ten commitments of public health and interstate public health compact C. Ecological model and essential public health services D. NACCO Profile of Local Health Departments and Healthy People 1990 Ans: C 15. Compared with the situation in the US in 1900, the number of deaths due to infectious diseases is:

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    Essentials of Public Health, Second Edition by Bernard J. Turnock Test Bank – Chapter 1 © 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC 5 A. About the same B. Much less C. Much more D. About the same but caused by different pathogens such as HIV Ans: B 16. Which of the follow statements best characterize the term public health ethics ” A. Motivation based on ideas of right and wrong B. Values that guide actions to promote health and prevent injury and disease in the population C. Principles of conduct governing an individual or profession D. Branch of philosophy dealing with value relating to human conduct with respect to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions Ans: B 17. Which of the following had the greatest impact on average life expectancy in the US between 1900 and 2000? A. Vaccinations for infectious diseases B. Improvements in sanitation and hygiene C. Advances in medical care technology D. Health education Ans: B 18. Which of the following pairs of values are most likely to conflict during a response to a public health emergency? A. Truth - telling versus justice B. Beneficence versus justice C. Individual autonomy versus community welfare D. Community welfare versus truth - telling Ans: C

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    Essentials of Public Health, Second Edition by Bernard J. Turnock Test Bank – Chapter 1 © 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC 6 True or False 19. The Public Health Code of Ethics is an exhaustive set of health principles that should be held by people in the public health discipline Ans: False 20. The Cholera epidemic of the 1854 afflicted poverty stricken individuals more than affluent individuals. Ans: False

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    Essentials of Public Health, Second Edition by Bernard J. Turnock Test Bank – Chapter 2 © 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LL C 1 File: chap02, Chapter 2 . Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is not considered one of the 3 Ps or most important determinants of health worldwide? A. Population growth B. Personal responsibility C. Pollution D. Poverty Ans: B 2. Which two lifestyle factors have been reported to be the most important causes of preventable mortality in the U.S.? A. alcohol and obesity B. substance abuse and sexual activity C. stress and high blood pressure D. tobacco and diet/physical activity Ans: D 3. Key demographic trends that will impact public health and the future need for programs and services include all of the following except: A. Shrinking US population and greater utilization levels of health care services by men than women B. The aging population and the influence of the Baby Boom generation C. Declining younger population and changes in the family unit D. Greater racial and ethnic diversity Ans: A

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    Essentials of Public Health, Second Edition by Bernard J. Turnock Test Bank – Chapter 2 © 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LL C 2 4. A measure of health status that attempts to gauge the social impact of various diseases and conditions by adjusting for differences in the age of the population affected is: A. Years of potential life lost B. Crude mortality rate C. Prematurity rate D. Index of leading economic indicators Ans: A 5. In terms of its ranking among the world’s nations for mortality rates, the U.S. generally ranks: A. best (i.e., the lowest rate) among all countries B. among the ten countries with the lowest rates C. below (i.e., has a higher rate than) about 25 to 30 other countries D. among the ten countries with the highest rates Ans: C 6. Compared with a country with a steady population, a country with a rapidly growing population is most likely to have which of the following characteristics: A. A higher proportion of the population less than 15 years old B. A higher age - adjusted mortality rate C. A higher(i.e., longer) population doubling time D. A low migration rate Ans: A 7. In 1900, the leading cause of death in the United States was which of the following conditions? A. tuberculosis B. diphtheria C. typhoid fever D. pneumonia and influenza Ans: D

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    Essentials of Public Health, Second Edition by Bernard J. Turnock Test Bank – Chapter 2 © 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LL C 3 8. Which of the following was in the top five causes of death in both 1900 and 2000? A. tuberculosis B. accidents C. heart disease D. diabetes Ans: C 9. Which of the following health measures has the greatest potential for prevention of disease in the U.S.? A. Environmental modification B. Genetic counseling C. Immunization D. Modification of personal health behavior Ans: D 10. The World Health Organization (WHO) definition of good human health includes: A. Physical and social well - being B. Mental and physical well - being C. Mental and social well - being D. Physical, mental, and social well - being Ans: D 11. The list of major obstacles to global public health progress includes all of the following except: A. Population growth and poverty in underdeveloped countries B. Inadequate government organization and financing of health programs C. Climatological differences across the globe D. Maldistribution of resources Ans: C

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    Essentials of Public Health, Second Edition by Bernard J. Turnock Test Bank – Chapter 2 © 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LL C 4 12. A physician fills out a death certificate as follow: IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF DEATH - pulmonary embolism DUE TO - deep venous thrombosis DUE TO - pancreatic cancer. She notes that a liver biopsy was performed prior to death. In the U.S. vital statistics, this death would be recorded as due to: A. pulmonary embolism B. deep venous thrombosis C. pancreatic cancer D. complication of liver biopsy Ans: C 13. Healthy People 2010 categorizes U.S. health issues according to: A. primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention B. morbidity and disability in regions of the U.S. C. life stages of development and health problems from infants to elderly D. health promotion, protection, and prevention Ans: D 14. Mortality rates in the US show the following gender differences: A. males greater than females B. females greater than males C. males equal to females D. males equal to females in the first years of life Ans: A 15. Which of the following is the best source of information on adult and infant mortality? A. Disease registries B. Vital statistics C. Special survey studies D. Hospital care statistics Ans: B

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    Essentials of Public Health, Second Edition by Bernard J. Turnock Test Bank – Chapter 2 © 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LL C 5 16. The best single predictor of poor health in a community is: A. Poor sanitary conditions B. Lack of medical care C. Genetics D. Poverty Ans: D 17. In the US, the national health promotion and disease prevention agenda is known as: A. Healthy People B. No Child Left Behind C. The Mothers’ March D. Red Cross Ans: A 18. Which of the following is not a mortality - based indicator of health status in a population? A. Life expectancy at birth B. Prevalence rate C. Crude mortality rate D. Years of potential life lost before age 65 Ans: B 19. A direct contributing factor may be defined as: A. Scientifically established factor that relates directly to the level of the health problem B. A community - specific factor that affects the level of contributing factor C. A scientifically established factor the directly affects the level of the determinant D. The differences in health which are not only unnecessary and avoidable but are also considered unfair and unjust Ans: C

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    Essentials of Public Health, Second Edition by Bernard J. Turnock Test Bank – Chapter 2 © 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LL C 6 20. Which of the following statements is false? A. Cost - utility analyses are similar to cost - effectiveness studies, except that the results are characterized as cost per quality - adjusted life year B. When comprehensively performed, a cost - effectiveness analysis is considered the gold standard of economic evaluations. C. Cost - benefit analysis results are expressed in terms of net costs, net benefits, and time required to recoup an initial investment. D. Cost – effectiveness analyses focus on one outcome to determine the most cost - effective intervention when several options are possible. Ans: B

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    Essentials of Public Health, Second Edition by Bernard J. Turnock Test Bank – Chapter 3 © 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LL C 1 File: chap03, Chapter 3 . Multiple Choice 1. The total level of health expenditures for health and medical care services in the United States for 2010 is closest to which of these figures? A. $ 750 million B. $ 750 billion C. $ 2.5 trillion D. $ 7.5 trillion Ans: C 2. All of the following comparisons of the US and Canadian health care systems are true EXCEPT: A. the percentage of the national GDP devoted to health care is higher in the US B. the percentage of people who are uninsured is higher in the US. C. fees for physician services are higher in the US. D. life expectancy is greater in the US. Ans: D 3. What major public health intervention strategy has the purpose of eliminating or reducing exposure to harmful factors by modifying human behavior? A. heath promotion B. emergency medical services C. health monitoring D. environmental scanning Ans: A

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    Essentials of Public Health, Second Edition by Bernard J. Turnock Test Bank – Chapter 3 © 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LL C 2 4. Medical services (including clinical preventive services such as immunizations and screening tests) account for what share of the 30 - year increased life expectancy achieved for Americans between 1900 and 2000? A. 1 year B. 5 years C. 15 years D. 25 years Ans: B 5. Which of the following were the two over - arching goals of Healthy People 2010? A. increase access to preventive services and increase the span of healthy life B. reduce health disparities and increase immunization rates for all age groups C. increase the quality and years of healthy life and reduce health disparities D. increase immunization rates for all age groups and increase access to preventive services Ans: C 6. Health care expenditures in the United States increased from $12.7 billion in 1950 to over $2.5 trillion in 2010. About what proportion of the gross national product was spent on health care in 2010? A. 6 percent B. 10 percent C. 12 percent D. 16 percent Ans: D 7. Appropriate considerations for implementation of a screening test include all the following EXCEPT: A. cost of screening test B. efficacy of treatment C. the physician's familiarity with the disease D. potential adverse effects of screening test Ans: C

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    Essentials of Public Health, Second Edition by Bernard J. Turnock Test Bank – Chapter 3 © 2012 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LL C 3 8. Early detection of disease and interventions to reverse, halt, or at least slow the progression of a condition, often performed when disease is not yet symptomatic, is a description of: A. primary prevention B. secondary prevention C. tertiary prevention D. none of the above Ans: B 9. Important factors shaping health policy in the United States include all of the following EXCEPT: A. federalism B. pluralism C. socialism D. incrementalism Ans: C 10. Immunizations fall into what category of disease prevention? A. primary prevention B. secondary prevention C. tertiary prevention D. none of the above Ans: A 11. The approximate percentage of all health and medical care expenditures in the United States spent on clinical preventive and public health services is: A. 25 - 30 percent B. 15 - 20 percent C. 5 - 10 percent D. less than 5 percent

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