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Introduction to Global Health 2nd Edition Test Bank

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    Introduction to Global Health, Second Edition Kathryn Jacobsen Chapter 1 Test Bank © 2014 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. 1 Multiple Choice 1. What is the World Health Organization’s definition of health? A. “Health is a state of complete physical wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” B. “Health is a state of complete physical and mental wellbeing.” C . “Health is a state of complete physical and mental wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” D . “Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Ans: D Page : 2 2. Which is not an essential public health service? A. Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety. B. Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues. C. Monitor health status to identify community problems. D. Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems. E. All of the above are examples of essential public health services. Ans: E Page: 3 3. In 1900, what was the most common cause of death in the United States? A. Cancer B. Diarrhea C. Heart disease D. Pneumonia / influenza E. Yellow fever Ans: D Page: 5 4. What is the most common cause of death in the United States today? A. Cancer B. Heart disease

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    Introduction to Global Health, Second Edition Kathryn Jacobsen Chapter 1 Test Bank © 2014 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. 2 C. Influenza D. Road traffic accidents E. Stroke Ans: B Page: 5 5. Which type of population is most likely to have a high fertility rate, high mortality rate, and short life expectancy? A. High income area B. Middle income area C. Low income area Ans: C Page: 5 6. Which type of population is most likely to have a low fertility rate, low mortality rate, and long life expectancy? A. High income area B. Middle income area C. Low income area Ans: A Page: 5 7. Which term describes a shift toward lower birth and death rates that occurs as populations experience economic development? A. Demographic transition B. Epidemiologic transition C. Nutrition transition D. Socioeconomic transition Ans: A Page: 6 8. What stage of the demographic transition is characterized by a decreasing death rate, a high birth rate, and an increasing population size?

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    Introduction to Global Health, Second Edition Kathryn Jacobsen Chapter 1 Test Bank © 2014 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. 3 A. Pre - transition B. Early transition C. Late transition D. Post - transition Ans: B Page: 6 9. Which of the following statements is not true? A. Low income populations tend to have a higher proportion of deaths from infection than NCDs B. Lower middle income populations tend to have a higher proportion of deaths from injuries than infections. C . Upper middle income populations tend to have a higher proportion of deaths from NCDs than infections D. High income populations tend to have a higher proportion of deaths from NCDs than infections Ans: B Page: 7 10. Which is not an example of a modifiable risk factor? A. Age B. Exercise habits C. Household income D. Tobacco use Ans: A Page: 10 11. Which of the following is not a criterion for causation? A. A higher dose of the exposure is associated with higher risk of disease B. Removing the exposure reduces the risk of disease C. There is a clear time sequence, with the exposure occurring before onset of disease D. There is a strong statistical association between having the exposure and having the disease E. All of the above are causal criteria Ans: E Page: 11

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    Introduction to Global Health, Second Edition Kathryn Jacobsen Chapter 1 Test Bank © 2014 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. 4 12. Which of the following is an example of primary prevention? A. Glaucoma (eye pressure) tests B. Mammography (breast cancer screening) C. Measles vaccination D. Physical therapy following an injury Ans: C Page: 15 13. Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention? A. Hand - washing B. Routine blood pressure checks C. Using a seat belt when traveling in a car D. Vitamin supplements Ans: B Page: 15 14. What is the target population for secondary prevention programs? A. People without disease B. People with early, non - symptomatic disease C. People with symptomatic disease Ans: B Page: 15 15. What is the goal of tertiary prevention programs? A. To prevent disease from ever occurring B. To reduce death, disability, and severe disease through early diagnosis C. To reduce impairment and minimize suffering through treatment and rehabilitation Ans: C Page: 15

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    Introduction to Global Health, Second Edition Kathryn Jacobsen Chapter 2 Test Bank © 2014 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. 1 Multiple Choice 1. The life expectancy at birth in Sierra Leone is about 38 years. What can you infer about the population of Sierra Leone? A. About half of adults in Sierra Leone die in their 30s or 40s. B. Few 50 - year - olds in Sierra Leone will survive to their 60 th birthdays. C. There are a lot of infant and child deaths in Sierra Leone. Ans: C Page: 22 2. Which term is used to describe the absence or presence of illness or disease? A. Demography B . Morbidity C. Mortality D. Vitality Ans: B Page: 23 3. Which term is best used to describe new cases of disease occurring in a population? A. DALY B . Incidence C. Mortality rate D. Prevalence Ans: B Page: 24 4. Which term is best used to describe the proportion of people in a population who have particular disease? A. DALY B. Incidence C. Mortality rate D. Prevalence Ans: D

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    Introduction to Global Health, Second Edition Kathryn Jacobsen Chapter 2 Test Bank © 2014 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. 2 Page: 24 5. According to the Global Burden of Disease classification scheme, which of the following conditions is not a noncommunicable disease (NCD)? A. Hypertension B. Lung cancer C. Osteoporosis D. Poisoning Ans: D Page: 32 6. According to the Global Burden of Disease classification scheme, which of the following conditions is not a noncommunicable disease (NCD)? A. Asthma B. Diabetes C. Muscular dystrophy D. Vitamin A deficiency Ans: D Page: 32 8. According to the Global Burden of Disease classification scheme, which of the following conditions is not a neuropsychiatric diso r der? A. Autism B. Lupus C. M igraines D. Schizophrenia Ans: B Page: 35 9 . According to the Global Burden of Disease classification scheme, which of the following conditions is not a neuropsychiatric diso r der? A. Bipolar disorder B. Cerebral palsy C. Congestive heart failure

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    Introduction to Global Health, Second Edition Kathryn Jacobsen Chapter 2 Test Bank © 2014 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. 3 D. Parkinson’s disease Ans: C Page: 35 9. Which of the following would typically be classified as an intentional injury? A. Burn B. Drowning C. Poisoning D. Terrorist act Ans: D Page: 36 10. Which of the following statements about injuries is true? A. High - income people tend to have a higher risk of injury than low - income people B. Most injuries are intentional C. Road traffic accidents are the most common cause of unintentional injury death worldwide D. War is a mo re common c ause of death worldwide than suicide Ans: C Page: 36

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    Introduction to Global Health, Second Edition Kathryn Jacobsen Chapter 3 Test Bank © 2014 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. 1 Multiple Choice 1. Which observational study design recruits a representative sample of a population, asks them to complete a survey, and uses that information to get a “snapshot” of health status in the population at one point in time? A. Case Series B. Case - Control Study C. Cohort Study D. Prevalence (Cross - Sectional) Survey Ans: D Page: 43 2. Which observational study design describes a group of people who all have the same disease? A. Case Series B. Case - Control Study C. Cohort Study D. Prevalence (Cross - Sectional) Survey Ans: A Page: 44 3. Which observational study design compares the exposure histories of people with disease and a comparison group of people without disease? A. Case Series B. Case - Control Study C. Cohort Study D. Prevalence (Cross - Sectional) Survey Ans: B Page: 44 4. Which observational study design follows a group of people forward in time to measure the rate of new (incident) disease in the population? A. Case Series B. Case - Control Study C. Cohort Study

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    Introduction to Global Health, Second Edition Kathryn Jacobsen Chapter 3 Test Bank © 2014 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. 2 D. Prevalence (Cross - Sectional) Survey Ans: C Page: 47 5. If the rate ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval for a cohort study is RR = 2.0 (1.5, 2.6), what is the most appropriate conclusion about the association between the exposure and the disease of interest? A. The exposure is a risk factor for the disease B. There is no statistically significant association between the exposure and the disease C. The exposure is protective against the disease. Ans: A Page: 49 6. If the rate ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval for a cohort study is RR = 1.1 (0.7, 1.6), what is the most appropriate conclusion about the association between the exposure and the disease of interest? A. The exposure is a risk factor for the disease B. There is no statistically significant association between the exposure and the disease C. The exposure is protective against the disease. Ans: B Page: 49 7. If the rate ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval for a cohort study is RR = 0.5 (0.4, 0.6), what is the most appropriate conclusion about the association between the exposure and the disease of interest? A. The exposure is a risk factor for the disease B. There is no statistically significant association between the exposure and the disease C. The exposure is protective against the disease. Ans: C Page: 49 8. Which of the following bioethical principles says that a research study should “do good”? A. Beneficence

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    Introduction to Global Health, Second Edition Kathryn Jacobsen Chapter 3 Test Bank © 2014 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. 3 B. Distributive justice C. Nonmaleficence D. Respect for persons Ans: A Page: 52 9 . Which of the following bioethical principles says that a research study should “do no harm”? A. Beneficence B. Distributive justice C. Nonmaleficence D. Respect for persons Ans: C Page: 53 10 . Which of the following bioethical principles says that the communities that take on the risk of testing a new drug should have continued access to the drug if it proves to be safe and effective ? A. Beneficence B. Distributive justice C. Nonmaleficence D. Respect for persons Ans: B Page: 53 11. Which of the following bioethical principles says that all participants in a research study should have the autonomy to choose whether they want to volunteer to participate? A. Beneficence B. Distributive justice C. Nonmaleficence D. Respect for persons Ans: D Page: 53

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    Introduction to Global Health, Second Edition Kathryn Jacobsen Chapter 3 Test Bank © 2014 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. 4 12. Which of the following bioethical principles says that researchers must take careful steps to protect the confidentiality and privacy of study participants? A. Beneficence B. Distributive justice C. Nonmaleficence D. Respect for persons Ans: D Page: 53 13. What conclusion should be made when comparing the mean ages of cases and controls in a case - control study if the p - value for the t - test test is p=0.65? A. The means are different B. The means are not different Ans: B Page: 59 13. What conclusion should be made when comparing the proportion of men and women in a cohort study who were diagnosed with diabetes during the study period if the p - value for the Chi - square test is p=0.02? A. The proportions are different B. The proportions are not different Ans: A Page: 59 15. Which is not a characteristic of a good public health or medical research report? A. The article has been peer - reviewed and published in a respected journal B. The methods used to measure the exposures and health outcomes of interest are described in detail C. Most statistics are presented in the main text; there are few tables and figures D. The limitations of the study are acknowledged and discussed E. All of the above are characteristics of a good research report Ans: C Page: 60

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    Introduction to Global Health, Second Edition Kathryn Jacobsen Chapter 3 Test Bank © 2014 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. 5

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    Introduction to Global Health, Second Edition Kathryn Jacobsen Chapter 4 Test Bank © 2014 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. 1 Multiple Choice 1. Approximately what percentage of the world’s population lives below the international poverty line of about $1.25 per day? A. 5% B. 20% C. 50% D. 70% Ans: B Page: 67 2. Which of the following statements is true? A. Professional workers are more likely than manual laborers to die of cancer B. Professional workers are more likely than manual laborers to die of heart disease C. Professional workers are more likely than manual laborers to die of on - the - job injuries D. Unemployed adults are more likely than employed adults to die from suicide Ans: D Page: 69 3. Which of the following terms describes the total amount of good and services produced in a country by both national and foreign corporations? A. GDP B. GNI C. GNP D. PPP Ans: A Page: 72 4. Which of the following terms describes the total income from selling goods and services produced in a country? A. GDP B. GNI C. GNP D. PPP

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    Introduction to Global Health, Second Edition Kathryn Jacobsen Chapter 4 Test Bank © 2014 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. 2 Ans: B Page: 73 5. Which of the following terms describes the total amount of goods and services produced by a nation’s corporations, either in their home country or in a foreign location? A. GDP B. GNI C. GNP D. PPP Ans: C Page: 73 6. Which of the following terms is illustrated by the “Big Mac Index”? A. GDP B. GNI C. GNP D. PPP Ans: D Page: 73 7. If a country has a Gini index of 72.9, what does it mean? A. The country has a very equal distribution of income B. The country has a very unequal distribution of income C. The top 10% of earners take in 72.9% of the country’s income D. The top 50% of earners take in 72.9% of the country’s income Ans: B Page: 75 8. Which of the following measures is not included in the calculation of a country’s human development index? A. GDP per capita B. Life expectancy at birth C. School enrollment and adult literacy rates

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    Introduction to Global Health, Second Edition Kathryn Jacobsen Chapter 4 Test Bank © 2014 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. 3 D. Unemployment rates and income disparities E. All are included in the HDI Ans: D Page: 75 9. Which of the following is not a partial explanation for health disparities between different racial and ethnic populations? A. Marginalized population groups may have higher rates of poverty, which is associated with reduced health status B. Marginalized populations groups may experience chronic psychosocial stress, which is associated with reduced health status C. Population groups may engage in different cultural practices, such as preferred diets D. Populations groups may be genetically different E. All of these are partial explanations for health disparities Ans: E Page: 78 10. Which of the following statements about prison health is not true ? A. On any given day, about 10 million people worldwide are incarcerated B. On any given day, about 2 million adults in the United States are incarcerated C. Prisoners encounter special health risks, including an increased risk of tuberculosis D. Prisoners are not entitled to some of the civil rights that apply to non - incarcerated persons, such as the rights to protection from starvation and abuse E. All of the above statements are true Ans: D Page: 80

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