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Test Bank for Choosing Health, 3rd Edition

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    1 Choosing Health, 3e (Lynch) Chapter 1 Health in the 21st Century 1) The current life expectancy at birth in the United States is A) 67.7 years. B) 72.7 years. C) 78.8 years. D) 82.7 years. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4 Section: 1.0 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.3 2) The four keys to good physical health include all of the following except A) not smoking. B) following healthy eating habits. C) practicing relaxation techniques. D) exercising regularly. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3 Section: 1.2 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.2 3) Which of the following statements best defines the term disease as we understand it today? A) It is a subjective state in which a person feels ill. B) It is an alteration of a perception of feeling ill. C) It is an imbalance of the body's internal fluids. D) It is an alteration in body structure or biochemistry that causes the body's regulatory mechanisms to fail. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 2 Section: 1.1 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.1 4) Intellectual health is characterized by A) being physically active. B) an openness to new ideas and skills and a capacity to think critically. C) the ability to perceive reality accurately. D) satisfying interactions with friends and family. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3 Section: 1.1 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.2

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    2 5) Psychological health is a broad category that encompasses all of the following except A) having healthy relationships. B) being physically fit. C) having autonomy. D) continually growing as a person. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3 Section: 1.1 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.2 6) Recall Corey's Student Story in the chapter. Corey is the student who has a large scar from surgery to correct a skeletal condition. Based on his story, he is A) at the low end of the wellness continuum. B) at the high end of the wellness continuum. C) moving in a negative direction in the wellness continuum. D) in a diseased state. Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 11 Section: 1.4 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 1.2 7) One public health initiative that has contributed to improvements in healthy behaviors and an increase in life expectancy in the United States is A) Healthy People 2020. B) Decreased outreach programs across ethic groups. C) Requiring fewer vaccinations for school aged children. D) Increased physical education classes in the US. Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6 Section: 1.3 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.3 8) The leading cause of death in 15-24 year olds in the United States is A) heart disease. B) accidents/unintentional injuries. C) cancer. D) suicide. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Section: 1.3 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.3

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    3 9) One of the two primary initiatives of Healthy People 2020 is to explore A) strategies to increase awareness about immunizations. B) strategies to decrease substance abuse. C) strategies to achieve health equity for all people. D) techniques to improve mental health. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6 Section: 1.3 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.3 10) The highest rates of hypertension are found in this ethnic population. A) Asian Americans B) Caucasian Americans C) African Americans D) Native Americans Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6 Section: 1.3 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.3 11) Which of the following statements is true regarding college students' health behaviors? A) Unhealthy eating habits and physical inactivity are common for college students. B) Research shows that students underestimate how many of their peers regularly use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs. C) Over 50% reported their health as fair to poor. D) Over 50% meet the national recommendations for moderate physical activity. Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 Section: 1.3 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.3 12) The Healthy Campus initiative is A) a federal initiative to facilitate broad, positive health changes in the U.S. population. B) an initiative that allows colleges to focus on goals that are most relevant to their population. C) a mandatory high school program focused on decreasing alcohol and drug abuse. D) a program outlining college campus progress towards meeting Healthy People 2020 goals. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Section: 1.3 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.3

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    4 13) Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between college achievement and student health? A) Stress has a positive effect on college achievement. B) Exercising regularly significantly decreases academic performance because it decreases study time. C) Tobacco use can increase academic performance since nicotine is a stimulant drug. D) Negative health behaviors and illness can decrease academic performance. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 Section: 1.3 Skill: Analyzing Learning Obj.: 1.3 14) The most common health problem reported by students in a recent nationwide study was A) allergies. B) bronchitis. C) strep throat. D) sinus infection. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Section: 1.3 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.3 15) According to a recent nationwide study on student health, most students describe their health as A) very good or excellent. B) good. C) fair. D) poor. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Section: 1.3 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.3

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    5 16) All of the following are true regarding college students and chronic illness risks except A) college students experience lower rates of chronic illness than the adult population as a whole. B) over 50% of all college students meet the American Heart Association's recommendations for physical activity. C) the majority of students report being at a healthy weight. D) college students often engage in behaviors that increase the risk of developing chronic illnesses. Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 Section: 1.3 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.3 17) Commonly, college students exhibit behaviors that may lead to chronic disease in adulthood, including A) Students maintain a healthy body weight. B) Less than half of college students meet national recommendations for physical activity. C) Students are less likely to binge drink and engage in recreational drug use. D) Students develop healthy sleep habits over the course of their college years. Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 Section: 1.3 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.3 18) Infectious diseases, such as malaria and cholera are a common problem in A) the United States. B) Northern Europe. C) Canada. D) Africa and Asia. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8 Section: 1.3 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.3 19) Under- and mal-nourishment, a major concern in developing countries can lead to A) increases in infection susceptibility. B) HIV infection. C) antibiotic resistance. D) type II diabetes. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8 Section: 1.3 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.3

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    6 20) Infectious disease is a global health concern because A) airplane travel is a primary means of spreading the diseases. B) countries with more economic development face diseases that have been eradicated from other areas. C) vitamin and mineral deficiencies in the United States and Europe have increased the prevalence of deficiency diseases, such as rickets and scurvy. D) some infections have become resistant to treatment. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 8 Section: 1.3 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.3 21) "Globesity" refers to A) increased global rates of HIV. B) increased global rates of infectious diseases. C) nutritional diseases around the world. D) increased global rates of obesity. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8 Section: 1.3 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.3 22) Global health concerns include rising levels of obesity, resistance to antibiotics and A) tobacco use. B) teen pregnancies. C) nutritional deficiencies. D) increasing incidents of diabetes. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8 Section: 1.3 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.3 23) Which of the following is true with respect to differences in health outcomes between men and women? A) Women tend to live about 4 years longer than men. B) Women have higher rates of heart disease. C) Women are more likely to experience high blood pressure. D) Women are more likely to abuse alcohol. Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 9 Section: 1.4 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.4

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    7 24) Which of the following terms describes health discrepancies/variations between wealthier and less affluent families? A) Socioeconomic status B) Cultural norms C) Social biological differences D) Status syndrome Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10 Section: 1.4 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.4 25) Health literacy includes the ability to A) understand and evaluate health information, and follow medical instructions. B) make medical choices based on gut instinct. C) decide what medications are actually necessary to treat a condition. D) describe symptoms to a physician. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11 Section: 1.4 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.4 26) Chronic disease rates in the United States are lowest for A) Hispanics. B) African Americans. C) Asian Americans. D) Native Americans. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6 Section: 1.3 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.3 27) The demographic group with the highest rate of cancers is A) Hispanics. B) African American males. C) Native Americans. D) Caucasians females. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6 Section: 1.3 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.3

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    8 28) Which of the following are examples of enabling factors that influence health behavior? A) The financial ability to afford health care and personal motivation. B) Local availability of fresh produce and low family income. C) Negative pressure from friends and family, and willpower. D) A family history of cancer and enrollment in Medicare. Answer: A Diff: 4 Page Ref: 13 Section: 1.5 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 1.5 29) Rewarding yourself for successfully quitting smoking would be an example of a(n) A) predisposing factor in behavior change. B) enabling factor in behavior change. C) reinforcing factor in behavior change. D) self-efficacy factor in behavior change. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13 Section: 1.5 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 1.5 30) The theory that a person progresses through six stages of change before achieving sustained behavior change is known as the A) stress-diasthesis model. B) transtheoretical model. C) health belief model. D) general adaptation syndrome model. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14 Section: 1.6 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.5 31) Kara wants to start jogging for exercise, has just bought a pair of shoes and workout clothes, and has signed up to join a jogging group. Based on this information, what stage in the Stages of Change model is Kara in? A) Contemplation B) Preparation C) Action D) Maintenance Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14 Section: 1.6 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 1.5

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    9 32) Which of the following is true regarding the Maintenance stage of the Stages of Change Model? A) The new behavior is maintained for only 3 months. B) Relapses are unlikely. C) It can last months or even years. D) There is no longer a need to work actively to keep from reverting back to old habits. Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 14 Section: 1.6 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.6 33) Which of the following factor in the Health Belief Model of behavior change help in predicting the likelihood of behavior change? A) Perceived unlikely threat B) Perceived benefit healthy of change C) External cues to action D) Positive reinforcement Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14 Section: 1.6 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.6 34) Self efficacy, as it relates to behavior change, A) the belief that you can make successful change. B) demonstrating a lack of personal control over a situation. C) the view that you should avoid thinking about a difficult situation. D) waiting to take action to change a behavior until you are sure of the outcome. Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 16 Section: 1.7 Skill: Analyzing Learning Obj.: 1.6 35) Proven strategies for successful behavior change include A) learning behaviors by watching others fail repeated. B) only considering making significant changes. C) setting small, attainable goals. D) stating change in the negative voice. Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 16 Section: 1.7 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 1.6

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    10 36) Janet eats a large doughnut every morning with her coffee. Since she wants to decrease her intake of foods high in sugar and fat, she plans to start substituting a whole-wheat bagel for the doughnuts. She is practicing this strategy. A) Self-discipline B) Cue control C) Counter conditioning D) Health belief Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 18 Section: 1.7 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 1.7 37) When looking for health information online, you should A) avoid sites with URLs that end with ".gov". B) stick to commercial sites advertising products and services. C) seek out sites with reputable professional accreditations. D) prioritize sites that are attractively designed. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12 Section: 1.4 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.1 38) An article about the results of the latest study on the health effects of vitamin B12 is more credible if it is A) carried out by an individual organization that sells a B12 product. B) the first study showing a health benefit for taking vitamin B12. C) supported by other researchers who have replicated the same results. D) lacking information about how the study was funded. Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 12 Section: 1.4 Skill: Analyzing Learning Obj.: 1.1 39) The top three causes of death in the United States are lifestyle-related diseases. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4 Section: 1.2 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.4

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    11 40) A growing number of consumers are seeking health information on the internet. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 12 Section: 1.4 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.1 41) A person suffering from a high level of stress will be moving in the negative direction of the wellness continuum regardless of efforts to manage the stress. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 3 Section: 1.1 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 1.2 42) Being respected by coworkers is one sign of occupational health. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4 Section: 1.2 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.2 43) Colleges who participate in the Healthy Campus initiative can choose which health issues they want to focus on improving. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Section: 1.3 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.3 44) Student health influences whether a college meets its goal of providing the best education possible. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Section: 1.3 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.3 45) According to research on student behaviors, over 40% smoke marijuana. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Section: 1.3 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.3

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    12 46) Though individual factors influence our health, we all have the same basic health needs. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4 Section: 1.2 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.2 47) Health literacy is the ability to evaluate and understand health information and make informed choices for your own health care. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 11 Section: 1.4 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.5 48) Poverty is an example of a physical determinate of health. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10 Section: 1.4 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.5 49) Societal pressures can undermine the emotional wellness of gay, lesbian, and transgender adults. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6 Section: 1.3 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.5 50) Geographical differences such as air pollution and proximity to trauma centers can affect a person's health risks. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10 Section: 1.4 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.5 51) People who are underinsured are likely to have preventative screenings as higher income Americans. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 11 Section: 1.4 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.5

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    13 52) The Affordable Care Act has created exchange markets where the uninsured can purchase health insurance. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 11 Section: 1.4 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.5 53) Native Americans have the lowest rates of diabetes in the world. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6 Section: 1.3 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.3 54) State, local, and federal policies can indirectly have a positive effect on health. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11 Section: 1.4 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.5 55) A person's attitude toward screening to detect diseases can be a predisposing factor that influences health behavior. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13 Section: 1.5 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.6 56) Encouragements and rewards that promote positive behavior change are examples of predisposing factors. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 13 Section: 1.5 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.6 57) If a person is thinking about making a behavior change in the next few months, he/she has entered the precontemplation phase of the Transtheoretical Model. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 14 Section: 1.6 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.6

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    14 58) A person with an external locus of control has higher self-efficacy than someone with an internal locus of control. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 17 Section: 1.7 Skill: Analyzing Learning Obj.: 1.7 59) Telling yourself "I can train and run a 10K road race" is an example of "shaping." Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 16 Section: 1.7 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 1.7 60) If you have a strong internal locus of control, you think that external events are out of your control. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 17 Section: 1.7 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.7 61) Social networks can provide an opportunity for health advocacy. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 18 Section: 1.7 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.7 62) "Media" includes books, magazines, newspapers, television, the internet, and advertising. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12 Section: 1.4 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.5 63) Sites that end in ".gov" or ".edu" are more likely to provide credible information than ".com" sites. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 12 Section: 1.4 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.5

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    15 64) SMART goals should be based on those of celebrities in magazines who have been successful at losing weight or gaining muscle. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 16 Section: 1.7 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.7 65) Many Americans use search engines for information about their health. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 12 Section: 1.4 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.5 66) The ecological model of behavior change is based on an individual following three steps to achieve a change. Answer: FALSE Diff: 5 Page Ref: 15 Section: 1.6 Skill: Evaluating Learning Obj.: 1.6 67) The process of actively making choices to improve one's health is known as physical well- being. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3 Section: 1.1 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.1 68) Health disparities are differences in quality of health among various segments of the population. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6 Section: 1.3 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.5 69) Healthy Campus is an offshoot of the Healthy People initiative, specifically geared toward high school students. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Section: 1.3 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.5

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    16 70) Healthy People 2020 takes an economical approach to health. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6 Section: 1.3 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.6 71) Health literacy can be enhanced by the availability of medically-based websites. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 11 Section: 1.4 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.5 72) The first stage of change in the transtheoretical model of behavior change is understanding the severity of the behavior. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 14 Section: 1.6 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.6 73) Encouragements or rewards that promote positive behavior change are called reinforcing factors. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13 Section: 1.5 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.6 74) Since Maria is fearful of heart disease, she is more likely to start exercising. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13 Section: 1.5 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 1.6 75) The health belief model is a model of behavior change emphasizing personal beliefs in the process of creating effective change. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 14 Section: 1.6 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.6

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    17 76) Russ blames his lack of skills in math for his poor grades. He has an internal locus of control. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 17 Section: 1.7 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 1.7 77) A person with an external locus of control believes that the ability to change is out of his/her control. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 17 Section: 1.7 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.7 78) Ariana has started an exercise program to increase her strength for cheerleading. She follows her coaches' workout routines. She is practicing the technique of modeling. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 14 Section: 1.6 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.7

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    18 Match the following: A) Precontemplation B) Cue to action C) Contemplation D) Recognizing a perceived benefit E) Transtheoretical model of change 79) A theory describing the six stages a person goes through to stop smoking. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 14 Section: 1.5 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.6 80) Watching a friend die of lung cancer is an example of this. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 14 Section: 1.5 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 1.6 81) A smoker who doesn't think he has a health problem is in this stage of behavior change. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 14 Section: 1.5 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 1.6 82) Someone who admits he has a smoking problem and is thinking about quitting is in this stage of behavior change. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 14 Section: 1.5 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 1.6 83) Stopping smoking to reduce the risk of lung cancer is an example of this. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 14 Section: 1.5 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 1.6 Answers: 79) E 80) B 81) A 82) C 83) D

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    19 Match the following: A) Spiritual health B) Intellectual health C) Social health D) Physical health E) Psychological health 84) Capacity to think critically Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3 Section: 1.2 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.2 85) Ability to perceive reality accurately Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3 Section: 1.2 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.2 86) Centers on the beliefs we hold that lend meaning to life Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Section: 1.2 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.2 87) Quality of relationships with others Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3 Section: 1.2 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.2 88) How well the body functions Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3 Section: 1.2 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.2 Answers: 84) B 85) E 86) A 87) C 88) D

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    20 Match the following: A) Illness B) Health C) Disease D) Chronic disease E) Wellness 89) An active process of being aware of and making choices toward a more successful existence. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3 Section: 1.1 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.1 90) An alteration in body structure or biochemistry significant enough to cause the body's regulatory mechanisms to fail. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 2 Section: 1.1 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.1 91) A state of well-being encompassing social, physical, and psychological dimensions. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 2 Section: 1.1 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 1.1 92) A subjective state of not feeling well. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 2 Section: 1.1 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.1 93) The most preventable health problem in the United States. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3 Section: 1.2 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.1 Answers: 89) E 90) C 91) B 92) A 93) D

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    21 Match the following: A) Shaping B) Reinforcing factors C) Cue control D) Modeling E) Self-talk 94) Learning by watching others Diff: 1 Page Ref: 14 Section: 1.6 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.7 95) Changing the stimuli that provoke the unwanted behavior Diff: 1 Page Ref: 18 Section: 1.7 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.7 96) Rewards for sustained behavior change Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13 Section: 1.5 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.7 97) A person's internal dialogue Diff: 1 Page Ref: 18 Section: 1.7 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.7 98) Division of a large task into smaller tasks Diff: 1 Page Ref: 18 Section: 1.7 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.7 Answers: 94) D 95) C 96) B 97) E 98) A

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    22 99) The WHO and other public health organizations recognize that individuals are not solely responsible for the state of their health. They acknowledge that health is influenced by a range of factors collectively referred to as determinants of health. Describe each of these areas, and how they will impact a person's individual health. Answer: • Lifestyle choices— such as deciding not to smoke, to be physically active, to avoid drinking excessively and eat nutritiously can greatly reduce risk of illness. • Biologi cal Factors — such as age, sex, health history, race and family history can impact aspects of health • Physical Determinants— geographic region can affect exposure to diseases, risk factors, and access to health care. • Social Determinants— people at lower socioeconomic levels or without health insurance are less likely to get preventive care. This also includes discriminatory factors related to poverty, sexual orientation, and sexual identity • Health Services— Health , literacy and the healthcare system can often be confusing and complex. Those with better navigational skills can positively affect their health. • Policy -Making — Policies at the local, state, and federal levels affect health. Local and state taxes on cigarettes improve health by reducing the number of people who smoke. State regulations to increase motor vehicle safety — for example, establishing speed limits, mandating seat belt use, and outlawing texting while driving — reduce traumatic injuries and deaths Diff: 4 Page Ref: 8-11 Section: 1.4 Skill: Analyzing Learning Obj.: 1.5 100) What are some health disparities that different ethnic groups face? Answer: Hispanics are more likely to suffer from obesity or die from complications of stroke or diabetes. African American babies have higher infant mortality rates and adults are less likely to have cancer diagnosed at an early stage. Although Asians typically have longer life spans, certain subgroups suffer from disparities such as a higher incidence of infectious diseases like Hepatitis B. Native Americans suffer from the highest rates of diabetes in the world. They also have shorter life expectancies due to high rates of accidental injuries, substance abuse, and suicide. Caucasian women have a higher rate of breast cancer. In addition, certain genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis occur more frequently among Caucasians. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6 Section: 1.3 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 1.3

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    23 101) Choose a health behavior and using the transtheoretical model, outline the stages a person would progress through while trying to change the behavior. Answer: Answers will vary depending upon behavior chosen. • Precontemplation— the person may not be aware that a problem exists and is not considering change. • Contemplation— the person acknowledges the problem and thinks about changing it within the next 6 months. • Preparation— the person prepares for change by developing a plan for implementation within the next month. • Action— the person modifies behavior in an observable way. • Maintenance— the person maintains new behavior for at least 6 months and actively tries to prevent relapse. • Termination— the person has achieved behavior change and is confident that relapse will not occur. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 14 Section: 1.6 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 1.6 102) Using the health belief model, provide an example of why someone would or would not get a recommended flu shot? Answer: The perceived threat of actually contracting the flu would need to be compared to the perceived benefit (i.e., that getting a flu shot would prevent them from getting the flu). In addition, the individual would have to overcome perceived barriers such as the time, cost, dislike of shots, etc. If barriers are minimized and the perceived benefit is high, the person is likely to obtain the shot if they feel the threat is also high. Diff: 5 Page Ref: 14 Section: 1.6 Skill: Evaluating Learning Obj.: 1.6 103) Give some examples of basic behavior change strategies people can use to increase their physical activity. Answer: • They can model others who are more physically active by observing their behavior and trying to mimic it. • They can create a plan to shape the behavior. The plan should break up large tasks into smaller tasks that can be more easily accomplished. • Rewards should be built into the program. • The individual can also use positive self -talk (e.g. "I can be more physically active") to help overcome barriers in a constructive way. Diff: 4 Page Ref: 16-18 Section: 1.7 Skill: Analyzing Learning Obj.: 1.7

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    24 104) When evaluating a health supplement, what are some things that you should consider when deciding whether to buy it? Answer: You should evaluate the source carefully. The manufacturer will have a financial investment in the product and is probably not the best resource to use. Look for government, nonprofit, or educational sites that may have less biased information about the product. Trace information presented back to its source. Look for published research findings about the product and its uses. Look for the most relevant and up-to-date information. Diff: 4 Page Ref: 12 Section: 1.4 Skill: Evaluating Learning Obj.: 1.5

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    1 Choosing Health, 3e (Lynch) Chapter 2 Psychological Health 1) Psychological health encompasses which of the following dimensions of health? A) Spiritual & Physical B) Mental & Financial C) Emotional & Disease Related D) Mental & Emotional Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 26 Section: 2.1 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 2.1 2) The capacity to make informed, un-coerced decisions is called A) autonomy. B) assertiveness. C) realism. D) self-esteem. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 27 Section: 2.1 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 2.1 3) A sense of positive regard for oneself, resulting in elevated levels of self-respect, called A) realism. B) assertiveness. C) autonomy. D) self-acceptance. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 26 Section: 2.1 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 2.1 4) The base level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs pyramid includes A) physiological health. B) safety and security. C) self-esteem. D) love and belonging. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 28 Section: 2.1 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 2.1

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    2 5) Juanita is trying to improve her self-esteem. Which of the following strategies will boost her self-esteem? A) Restretching her own abilities B) Continuing to do routine things C) Valuing other people's responses D) Eating a healthy diet and exercising. Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 27 Section: 2.1 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 2.1 6) The psychological tendency to have a positive interpretation of life's events is called A) intimacy. B) optimism. C) pessimism. D) self-actualization. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 29 Section: 2.1 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 2.2 7) Which of the following is one of the four key abilities of emotional intelligence? A) Incorporating thoughtless actions into your decision making process. B) Accepting your emotions and allowing them to control you. C) Using logic over emotion to make life choices. D) Regulating emotion in oneself and others. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 28 Section: 2.1 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 2.2 8) Students with higher levels of social support A) will achieve higher grades. B) are less likely to experience psychological health problems. C) support are less likely to feel hopelessness. D) are increasing reporting overwhelming anger. Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 29 Section: 2.2 Skill: Analyzing Learning Obj.: 2.3

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    3 9) Having an optimistic outlook has been associated with the following health related benefits A) having poor emotional control. B) an increased likelihood of getting sick with serious or minor illness. C) reduced levels of psychological distress. D) a lower immune response. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 29 Section: 2.1 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 2.2 10) Which of the following physical changes has been shown to improve your psychological well-being? A) Magnifying the importance of small failures. B) Avoid dealing with stressful social situations. C) Setting long range goals. D) Getting regular sleep every night. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 45 Section: 2.10 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 2.10 11) The practice of helping and giving to others out of a genuine concern for their well-being is called A) shyness. B) altruism. C) mindfulness. D) spirituality. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31 Section: 2.2 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 2.2 12) Antidepressant medications are often helpful because they regulate A) red blood cell production. B) social anxiety. C) core temperature. D) neurotransmitters in the brain. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 35 Section: 2.5 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 2.6

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    4 13) Which of the following is the most effective way to deal with feelings of anger? A) Express feelings of anger in a way that releases emotions without damaging relationships. B) Hold the feelings inside. C) Express anger impulsively and aggressively. D) Refrain from expressing negative emotions. Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 32 Section: 2.3 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 2.3 14) Symptoms of depressive disorders can include A) expressing feelings of hopefulness for the future. B) maintaining good grades. C) feelings of euphoria. D) social withdrawal. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 34 Section: 2.5 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 2.5 15) Major depressive disorder is diagnosed when a person experiences A) five or more depressive symptoms for at least two weeks straight. B) occasional loss of interest in things that were once important. C) mild chronic depressive symptoms for two or more years. D) apprehension in social situations. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 34 Section: 2.5 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 2.5 16) Research has identified some of the potential causes of depressive disorders, including A) high levels of financial and academic success. B) being the only family member to experience feelings of sadness. C) producing excess serotonin in the brain. D) experiencing irregular hormone levels. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 34 Section: 2.5 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 2.5

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    5 17) Which factor has the most measurable effect on the prevalence of mental illness? A) Discrimination B) Placement in foster care C) Exposure to violence D) There are many factors that contribute to mental illness. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33 Section: 2.4 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 2.4 18) Which of the following is true of men and depression? A) Men are more likely than women to seek treatment for depression. B) Men do not experience any physical effects of depression. C) Men are more likely to turn to drugs and alcohol to deal with depression than women. D) Men with depression are less likely to contract heart disease. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 35 Section: 2.5 Skill: Remembering Learning Obj.: 2.5 19) Which of the following is not true of antidepressants? A) They work by normalizing the levels of the neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine. B) Abruptly stopping use of antidepressants can cause withdrawal symptoms. C) The same drug that helps one person may not help another person. D) There is no reported increase in suicidal behaviors. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 35 Section: 2.6 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 2.9 20) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders A) are twice as likely in girls as in boys. B) can improve focus and attention to detail on the job. C) is always accurately diagnosed in early childhood. D) All of the above have been shown to have an impact on academic success rates. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 39 Section: 2.7 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 2.7

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    6 21) Sudden feelings of terror that strike without warning are characteristic of A) generalized anxiety disorder. B) depression. C) a panic attack. D) seasonal affective disorder. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 37 Section: 2.6 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 2.6 22) All of the following statements regarding generalized anxiety disorder are true except A) its sufferers feel worry, anxiety and pessimism even when there is little or nothing to provoke it. B) physical symptoms, such as headaches, muscle tension, and difficulty swallowing often accompany the anxiety. C) it affects twice as many men as women. D) it can be diagnosed when the symptoms last six months or more. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 37 Section: 2.6 Skill: Understanding Learning Obj.: 2.6 23) Social anxiety disorders can result in A) sudden feeling of impending doom. B) the fear of heights and large groups of people. C) engaging in enjoyable activities that require social interaction. D) sweating, blushing and increased heart rate. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 37 Section: 2.6 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 2.6 24) A person with obsessive-compulsive disorder A) is more likely to develop the disorder in adulthood. B) develop fear and loss of control after a traumatic event. C) may continue to repeat rituals without gaining psychological relief. D) are more likely to have a germ related phobia. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 38 Section: 2.7 Skill: Applying Learning Obj.: 2.7

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