Test Bank for The Basics of Occupational Safety, 3rd Edition

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Chapter 1 Safety and Health Movement, An OverviewTRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.1)The Code of Hammurabi, circa 2000 BC, contained clauses that could be interpreted as earlyattempts at workers' compensation.1)2)The Romans were cruel task masters who had no concern for occupational safety.2)3)The first recorded occupational safety program occurred in 1907 with the establishment of theBureau of Mines.3)4)The first effective workers' compensation law in the United States was passed in 1911.4)5)OSHA was passed in 1970 in spite of strenuous efforts on the part of organized labor to prevent it.5)6)Organized labor in the United States worked hard to overturn anti-labor laws that inhibited safetyin the workplace.6)7)Specific work-related health problems such as lung diseases in miners and mercury poisoninghave contributed to advancing the safety movement in the United States.7)8)Lung cancer has been tied to asbestos in the workplace.8)9)OSHA opposes the use of safety incentives in every case.9)10)The disaster in Bhopal, India called into question the practice of moving companies that producehazardous substances to countries that have fewer safety regulations.10)11)Total Safety Management (TSM) encourages organizations to take a holistic approach to safetymanagement.11)12)U.S. companies have no responsibility when it comes to the safety and health of employees ofcompanies in foreign countries that manufacture goods for them.12)13)Concern over the potential effects of bloodborne pathogens has introduced a whole new set ofprecautions into the realm of workplace safety.13)14)Safety and health professionals do not have to concern themselves with documenting the return oninvestment for safety and health programs.14)MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.15)A widely used accident prevention technique is:15)A)CPR with AEDB)Employer liabilityC)Fail-safe designsD)Fellow servant rule1

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16)An organization that has contributed to the development of the safety movement in the UnitedStates is:16)A)National Safety CouncilB)National Society of Safety EngineersC)National Safety Management SocietyD)All of the above17)Which of the following would not generally be considered a member of the safety and health teamfor a large company?17)A)Radiation control specialistB)Marketing vice-presidentC)DieticianD)Occupational nurse18)The three Es of safety are:18)A)Engineering, education, and employee responsibilityB)Engineering, education, and elimination of hazardsC)Engineering, education, and enforcementD)Engineering, education, and employer liability19)A large professional organizational for safety managers, engineers, and specialists is:19)A)Bureau of MinesB)Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationC)National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthD)National Safety Council20)The link between workplace safety and productivity was established by:20)A)OSHAB)The U.S. Department of CommerceC)The Foster Wheeler StudyD)NIOSH21)Cutting the frequency of workplace injuries in half results in how much of an increase toproductivity?21)A)Ten percentB)Ninety percentC)Fifty percentD)Thirty percent2

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Answer KeyTestname: UNTITLED11)TRUE2)FALSE3)FALSE4)TRUE5)FALSE6)TRUE7)TRUE8)TRUE9)FALSE10)TRUE11)TRUE12)FALSE13)TRUE14)FALSE15)C16)D17)B18)C19)D20)C21)A3

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Chapter 2 Accidents and Their EffectsTRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.1)Accidents in the United States cost more than $150 billion annually when you consider direct andindirect costs on and off the job.1)2)The true cost of accidents consists of those costs known asdirect costs.2)3)Suffocation is not a leading cause of accidental deaths in the United States.3)4)Most falling and impact injuries on the job occur as a result of either a heart attack or stroke beforethe fall.4)5)The leading causes of death in the United States are heart disease, cancer, and stroke.5)6)The leading cause of death in the United States of people less than 37 years of age is accidents.6)7)Between 1921 and now, the number of accident deaths on the job has increased significantly.7)8)Approximately 35,000,000 work hours are lost annually as a result of accidents.8)9)Drowning is not a significant cause of death in workplace accidents in the United States.9)10)Overexertion is a leading cause of workplace injuries.10)11)The rate of fatalities across all occupations fluctuates, but the rate of fatalities per year per 100,000workers holds fairly constant over time.11)MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.12)When death rates are computed on the basis of the number of deaths per 100,000 workers, thehighest industry category for death is:12)A)AgricultureB)ConstructionC)ManufacturingD)Mining/quarrying13)Typically the most frequently injured body part is:13)A)FootB)BackC)NeckD)Head14)Which of the following chemicals are often involved in chemical burn injuries?14)A)DetergentsB)Acids and alkaliesC)Calcium hydroxideD)All of the above15)A symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome is:15)A)NumbnessB)Frequent dizzinessC)Pain the knee or ankleD)Tingling in the foot1

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16)Repetitive strain injury is a broad and generic term that encompasses a variety of injuries typicallyassociated with which body parts?16)A)Hands, arms, neck, and shouldersB)Groin, sternum, chest, and backC)Head, neck, shoulders, and backD)Legs, feet, back, and ribs17)Which of the following occupations has the highest rate of fatalities on the job each year?17)A)Mining/quarryingB)Office personnelC)AttorneysD)High school teacher2

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Answer KeyTestname: UNTITLED21)TRUE2)FALSE3)FALSE4)FALSE5)TRUE6)TRUE7)FALSE8)TRUE9)FALSE10)TRUE11)TRUE12)D13)B14)D15)A16)A17)A3

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Chapter 3 Theories of Accident CausationTRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.1)The domino theory of accident causation posits that injuries result from one specific factor.1)2)The ten statements called theAxioms of Industrial Safetyare part of the domino theory of accidentcausation.2)3)The human factors theory of accident causation attributes accidents to a series of events ultimatelycaused by a mechanical hazard.3)4)Inappropriate response and overload are two categories of human error.4)5)An "inappropriate activity" is part of the accident/incident theory of accident causation.5)6)Ergonomic traps and systems failure are two elements of the accident/incident theory of accidentcausation.6)7)The epidemiological theory of accident causation holds that models used for studying therelationships between environmental factors and disease can also be used for studying causalrelationships between environmental factorsand accidents.7)8)The three components of the systems theory of accident causation are person, machine, andenvironment.8)9)The combination theory of accident causation posits that only one specific theory can be used toexplain the causes of a specific accident.9)10)The terms "host" and "agency" are associated with the combination theory of accident causation.10)11)The Three "Es" of safety work well in taking corrective action in conjunction with Heinrich'sTheory.11)12)The tendency of more experienced workers to behave in ways that involve higher levels of risk isknown ashuman adaptation.12)13)Obesity, fatigue, memory, and personality are all factors that can contribute to accidents in theworkplace.13)MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.14)Which of the following is NOT a principle of behavior-based safety?14)A)Planned interventionsB)InterventionC)Application of the MBWA theoryD)Identification of internal factors15)Alcoholism causes approximately how many lost work days annually in the United States?15)A)100,000B)600,000C)500 millionD)1 billion1

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16)Approximately what percentage of drug users in the United States are employed?16)A)65 percentB)90 percentC)30 percentD)77 percent17)The invisible problem in the workplace that is the root cause of 200 million lost workdays annuallyis:17)A)Clinical depressionB)Psychosis/neurosisC)Genetic back problemsD)Carpal tunnel syndrome18)Which of the following is NOT a leading cause of accidents on the job?18)A)Unsafe behaviorB)Human errorC)Management failuresD)Industrial hygiene19)Which of the Three "Es" of Safety recommends that hazards be controlled through better productdesign or process improvements?19)A)EngineeringB)EnforcementC)EducationD)All of the above20)Which of the following is NOT used by event-chain theories to explain accident causation?20)A)The Beria-Six theoryB)Events that are linked by direct relationships between causal factorsC)Events that involve human error, component failure, and/or energy-related factorsD)Multiple events that occur in a sequence21)The Swiss Cheese model of accident causation is often referred to as what?21)A)Cumulative act effectB)Layering effectC)Food-effectD)All of the above2

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Answer KeyTestname: UNTITLED31)FALSE2)TRUE3)FALSE4)TRUE5)FALSE6)TRUE7)TRUE8)TRUE9)FALSE10)FALSE11)TRUE12)FALSE13)TRUE14)C15)C16)D17)A18)D19)A20)A21)A3

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Chapter 4 Roles and Professional Certifications for Safety and Health ProfessionalsTRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.1)The modern safety and health team is headed by a safety manager.1)2)Members of an organization's safety team might include all of the following: safety engineer,industrial hygienist, occupational physician, and total productive maintenance specialist.2)3)The job of the safety manager includes analysis, prevention, planning, evaluation, promotion, andcompliance.3)4)In order to be a safety manager, you must have at least a bachelors degree in safety management orengineering.4)5)The only college degree program that prepares students to be safety managers is the safetytechnology degree.5)6)One of the contributions engineers can make to safety is designing safety into products.6)7)Not all safety engineers are engineering majors. In fact, graduates of various technology degreesmay have more formal instruction in safety than engineering graduates.7)8)Industrial hygienists are concerned primarily with mechanical and machine related hazards.8)9)Prescribing methods to eliminate environmental stressors in the workplace is the job of theenvironmental engineer.9)10)Recognizing the impact of environmental stressors on people is one of the responsibilities of theindustrial hygienist.10)11)As the world gets flatter, safety professionals will have to become change leaders.11)12)Employers have sole responsibility for safety and health in the workplace.12)MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.13)Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the health physicist?13)A)Measuring radioactive levels in biological samplesB)Supervising decontamination activitiesC)Designing safety into nuclear componentsD)Monitoring radiation in the air14)Occupational physicians are medical doctors who focus most of their attention on:14)A)Anticipating and preventing problemsB)Collaborating with health physicistsC)Supervising occupational health nursesD)Treating workplace injuries1

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15)Occupational health nurses are concerned with conserving the health of workers through:15)A)Prevention, recognition, and treatmentB)Supporting occupational physiciansC)Prescribing methods to eliminate common stressorsD)Diagnosis and treatment16)Risk reduction strategies and transferring risk to insurance companies is called:16)A)Hazard reductionB)TransferenceC)Insurance fraudD)Risk management17)The most widely pursued safety and health related certifications include:17)A)Certified occupational health nurseB)Certified professional ergonomistC)Certified safety professionalD)All of the above18)Which of the following is NOT a reason for the emerging role of safety professionals?18)A)The world is getting "flatter"B)Need to be able to partner with top leaders in organizationsC)Less competition in the global marketplaceD)Organizations are becoming leaner19)Which of the following professional certification requires a minimum of 270 hours of training orteaching in safety, health, and environmental related areas?19)A)Certified environmental, safety, and health trainerB)Associate safety professionalC)Graduate safety professionalD)Safety trained supervisor2

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Answer KeyTestname: UNTITLED41)TRUE2)FALSE3)TRUE4)FALSE5)FALSE6)TRUE7)TRUE8)FALSE9)FALSE10)TRUE11)TRUE12)FALSE13)C14)A15)A16)D17)D18)C19)A3

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Chapter 5 The OSH Act, Standards, and LiabilityTRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.1)The impetus for passing the OSH Act was that workplace accidents were causing an average of14,000 deaths annually in the United States.1)2)Prior to the passage of the OSH Act, slightly less than 100,000 workers were disabled in workplaceaccidents annually.2)3)The broad mission of OSHA is to ensure to the extent possible that a worker in the United Stateshas a safe and healthy work environment.3)4)Monitoring and evaluating state-level safety and health programs is NOT part of OSHA's mission.4)5)The OSH Act is restricted to organizations in the continental United States and Hawaii.5)6)Self-employed business people and family farms that employ only family members fall outside thejurisdiction of the OSH Act.6)7)State and local government agencies fall within the jurisdiction of the OSH Act.7)8)OSHA maintains two standing committees: 1) National Advisory Committee on Safety and Health,and 2) Advisory Committee on Construction Safety and Health.8)9)OSHA may take three types of action on standards: adopt, amend, or revoke.9)10)Before OSHA can adopt, amend, or revoke a standard, it must publish its intentions in theFederalRegister.10)11)Under the OSH Law, employers are not responsible for the level of safety and health found in theirworkplace.11)12)OSHA regulations do not apply to federal government agencies except as advisories.12)13)People who work in state and local government are not covered by Federal OSHA regulationsunless their state has adopted OSHA approved state safety programs.13)14)OSHA established standards in the following areas: General industry, Construction, Maritime, andAgriculture.14)15)OHSA has no authority to develop, adopt, or amend standards and must submit requests toCongress before doing so.15)16)OSHA takes a cautionary stand on safety incentives out of concern that they might causecompanies to under-report incidents and accidents.16)17)An often-heard complaint about OSHA regulations as well as other government regulations is thatthey increase the cost of doing business.17)1

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18)OSHA is able to enact new regulations that qualify as major rules without first analyzing theirimpact.18)19)OSHA's "Guide to Restroom Access for Transgender Workers" has been criticized as an example ofthe organization getting into politics that have nothing to do with safety.19)MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.20)Once an OSHA standard has been passed, it takes effect:20)A)In 60 daysB)After Congress has reviewed itC)ImmediatelyD)On the prescribed date21)What happens if an employer cannot immediately comply with a new OSHA standard?21)A)The employer must petition its CongressmanB)A fine is assessedC)A temporary variance can be awarded if requestedD)A warning is given22)Occupational illnesses and injuries must be reported if they result in one or more of the following:22)A)An employee being fired for negligenceB)A decline in the company's stock priceC)Both A and BD)Neither A or B23)All records for OSHA can be maintained on just three forms. These forms are:23)A)OSHA accident form, OSHA injury form, and OSHA near miss formB)1040EZ, 1040ES, and 1040EPC)Form 300, 301, and 300AD)None of the above24)A set of standards, rules, or regulations relating to a specific area is known as a:24)A)Standard operating procedures manualB)Congressional ActC)Body of knowledgeD)Code25)Which of the following states has adopted OSHA-approved state safety plans?25)A)ConnecticutB)New YorkC)New JerseyD)All of the above26)When considering the development of or revisions to a standard, OSHA typically does what?26)A)Requests a hearing before CongressB)Convenes a committee of interested business leadersC)Convenes a panel of safety and health expertsD)Publishes an RFI or an ANPRM27)When OSHA decides to proceed with issuing a new or revised standard it must do what?27)A)Publish ads in newspapers and professional journalsB)Contact affected companies by certified mailC)Publish a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM)D)Testify before the appropriate Congressional committee2

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28)Which of the following gives small businesses a voice in developing and revising OSHA standards?28)A)Small Business Agency of the U.S. Department of LaborB)U.S. Department of CommerceC)Small Business Development Centers at the local levelD)Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Act (SBREFA)29)Which of the following has the highest priority in OSHA for workplace inspections?29)A)Imminent danger situationsB)Follow-up inspectionsC)Targeted inspections of particular hazardsD)Worker complaints30)The OSHA program that protects employees who file complaints against their employers allegingunsafe working conditions is known as:30)A)Employee Safety and Health Protection ProgramB)Whistleblower ProgramC)OSHA Hotline ProgramD)Worker Protection Program31)OSHA's Program that focuses on employers that willfully and repeatedly endanger workers isknown as:31)A)OSHA's Repeat Offender ProgramB)OSHA's Severe Violator Enforcement ProgramC)OSHA's Whistleblower ProgramD)OSHA's DeMinimis Enforcement Program32)When OSHA fines organizations for safety violations, where does the money go?32)A)Wherever Congress determinesB)To OSHA executives and employees as bonuses and salary enhancementsC)To the U.S. treasuryD)Divided with state-level OSHA programs3

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