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Test Bank for The Basics of Occupational Safety, 3rd Edition

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    Chapter 1 Safety and Health Movement, An Overview TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) The Code of Hammurabi, circa 2000 BC, contained clauses that could be interpreted as early attempts at workers' compensation. 1) 2) The Romans were cruel task masters who had no concern for occupational safety. 2) 3) The first recorded occupational safety program occurred in 1907 with the establishment of the Bureau of Mines. 3) 4) The first effective workers' compensation law in the United States was passed in 1911. 4) 5) OSHA was passed in 1970 in spite of strenuous efforts on the part of organized labor to prevent it. 5) 6) Organized labor in the United States worked hard to overturn anti - labor laws that inhibited safety in the workplace. 6) 7) Specific work - related health problems such as lung diseases in miners and mercury poisoning have contributed to advancing the safety movement in the United States. 7) 8) Lung cancer has been tied to asbestos in the workplace. 8) 9) OSHA opposes the use of safety incentives in every case. 9) 10) The disaster in Bhopal, India called into question the practice of moving companies that produce hazardous substances to countries that have fewer safety regulations. 10) 11) Total Safety Management (TSM) encourages organizations to take a holistic approach to safety management. 11) 12) U.S. companies have no responsibility when it comes to the safety and health of employees of companies in foreign countries that manufacture goods for them. 12) 13) Concern over the potential effects of bloodborne pathogens has introduced a whole new set of precautions into the realm of workplace safety. 13) 14) Safety and health professionals do not have to concern themselves with documenting the return on investment for safety and health programs. 14) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 15) A widely used accident prevention technique is: 15) A) CPR with AED B) Employer liability C) Fail - safe designs D) Fellow servant rule 1

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    16) An organization that has contributed to the development of the safety movement in the United States is: 16) A) National Safety Council B) National Society of Safety Engineers C) National Safety Management Society D) All of the above 17) Which of the following would not generally be considered a member of the safety and health team for a large company? 17) A) Radiation control specialist B) Marketing vice - president C) Dietician D) Occupational nurse 18) The three Es of safety are: 18) A) Engineering, education, and employee responsibility B) Engineering, education, and elimination of hazards C) Engineering, education, and enforcement D) Engineering, education, and employer liability 19) A large professional organizational for safety managers, engineers, and specialists is: 19) A) Bureau of Mines B) Occupational Safety and Health Administration C) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health D) National Safety Council 20) The link between workplace safety and productivity was established by: 20) A) OSHA B) The U.S. Department of Commerce C) The Foster Wheeler Study D) NIOSH 21) Cutting the frequency of workplace injuries in half results in how much of an increase to productivity? 21) A) Ten percent B) Ninety percent C) Fifty percent D) Thirty percent 2

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    Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED1 1) TRUE 2) FALSE 3) FALSE 4) TRUE 5) FALSE 6) TRUE 7) TRUE 8) TRUE 9) FALSE 10) TRUE 11) TRUE 12) FALSE 13) TRUE 14) FALSE 15) C 16) D 17) B 18) C 19) D 20) C 21) A 3

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    Chapter 2 Accidents and Their Effects TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) Accidents in the United States cost more than $150 billion annually when you consider direct and indirect costs on and off the job. 1) 2) The true cost of accidents consists of those costs known as direct costs. 2) 3) Suffocation is not a leading cause of accidental deaths in the United States. 3) 4) Most falling and impact injuries on the job occur as a result of either a heart attack or stroke before the fall. 4) 5) The leading causes of death in the United States are heart disease, cancer, and stroke. 5) 6) The leading cause of death in the United States of people less than 37 years of age is accidents. 6) 7) Between 1921 and now, the number of accident deaths on the job has increased significantly. 7) 8) Approximately 35,000,000 work hours are lost annually as a result of accidents. 8) 9) Drowning is not a significant cause of death in workplace accidents in the United States. 9) 10) Overexertion is a leading cause of workplace injuries. 10) 11) The rate of fatalities across all occupations fluctuates, but the rate of fatalities per year per 100,000 workers holds fairly constant over time. 11) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 12) When death rates are computed on the basis of the number of deaths per 100,000 workers, the highest industry category for death is: 12) A) Agriculture B) Construction C) Manufacturing D) Mining/quarrying 13) Typically the most frequently injured body part is: 13) A) Foot B) Back C) Neck D) Head 14) Which of the following chemicals are often involved in chemical burn injuries? 14) A) Detergents B) Acids and alkalies C) Calcium hydroxide D) All of the above 15) A symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome is: 15) A) Numbness B) Frequent dizziness C) Pain the knee or ankle D) Tingling in the foot 1

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    16) Repetitive strain injury is a broad and generic term that encompasses a variety of injuries typically associated with which body parts? 16) A) Hands, arms, neck, and shoulders B) Groin, sternum, chest, and back C) Head, neck, shoulders, and back D) Legs, feet, back, and ribs 17) Which of the following occupations has the highest rate of fatalities on the job each year? 17) A) Mining/quarrying B) Office personnel C) Attorneys D) High school teacher 2

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    Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED2 1) TRUE 2) FALSE 3) FALSE 4) FALSE 5) TRUE 6) TRUE 7) FALSE 8) TRUE 9) FALSE 10) TRUE 11) TRUE 12) D 13) B 14) D 15) A 16) A 17) A 3

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    Chapter 3 Theories of Accident Causation TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) The domino theory of accident causation posits that injuries result from one specific factor. 1) 2) The ten statements called the Axioms of Industrial Safety are part of the domino theory of accident causation. 2) 3) The human factors theory of accident causation attributes accidents to a series of events ultimately caused by a mechanical hazard. 3) 4) Inappropriate response and overload are two categories of human error. 4) 5) An "inappropriate activity" is part of the accident/incident theory of accident causation. 5) 6) Ergonomic traps and systems failure are two elements of the accident/incident theory of accident causation. 6) 7) The epidemiological theory of accident causation holds that models used for studying the relationships between environmental factors and disease can also be used for studying causal relationships between environmental factors and accidents. 7) 8) The three components of the systems theory of accident causation are person, machine, and environment. 8) 9) The combination theory of accident causation posits that only one specific theory can be used to explain the causes of a specific accident. 9) 10) The terms "host" and "agency" are associated with the combination theory of accident causation. 10) 11) The Three "Es" of safety work well in taking corrective action in conjunction with Heinrich's Theory. 11) 12) The tendency of more experienced workers to behave in ways that involve higher levels of risk is known as human adaptation. 12) 13) Obesity, fatigue, memory, and personality are all factors that can contribute to accidents in the workplace. 13) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 14) Which of the following is NOT a principle of behavior - based safety? 14) A) Planned interventions B) Intervention C) Application of the MBWA theory D) Identification of internal factors 15) Alcoholism causes approximately how many lost work days annually in the United States? 15) A) 100,000 B) 600,000 C) 500 million D) 1 billion 1

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    16) Approximately what percentage of drug users in the United States are employed? 16) A) 65 percent B) 90 percent C) 30 percent D) 77 percent 17) The invisible problem in the workplace that is the root cause of 200 million lost workdays annually is: 17) A) Clinical depression B) Psychosis/neurosis C) Genetic back problems D) Carpal tunnel syndrome 18) Which of the following is NOT a leading cause of accidents on the job? 18) A) Unsafe behavior B) Human error C) Management failures D) Industrial hygiene 19) Which of the Three "Es" of Safety recommends that hazards be controlled through better product design or process improvements? 19) A) Engineering B) Enforcement C) Education D) All of the above 20) Which of the following is NOT used by event - chain theories to explain accident causation? 20) A) The Beria - Six theory B) Events that are linked by direct relationships between causal factors C) Events that involve human error, component failure, and/or energy - related factors D) Multiple events that occur in a sequence 21) The Swiss Cheese model of accident causation is often referred to as what? 21) A) Cumulative act effect B) Layering effect C) Food - effect D) All of the above 2

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    Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED3 1) FALSE 2) TRUE 3) FALSE 4) TRUE 5) FALSE 6) TRUE 7) TRUE 8) TRUE 9) FALSE 10) FALSE 11) TRUE 12) FALSE 13) TRUE 14) C 15) C 16) D 17) A 18) D 19) A 20) A 21) A 3

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    Chapter 4 Roles and Professional Certifications for Safety and Health Professionals TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) The modern safety and health team is headed by a safety manager. 1) 2) Members of an organization's safety team might include all of the following: safety engineer, industrial hygienist, occupational physician, and total productive maintenance specialist. 2) 3) The job of the safety manager includes analysis, prevention, planning, evaluation, promotion, and compliance. 3) 4) In order to be a safety manager, you must have at least a bachelors degree in safety management or engineering. 4) 5) The only college degree program that prepares students to be safety managers is the safety technology degree. 5) 6) One of the contributions engineers can make to safety is designing safety into products. 6) 7) Not all safety engineers are engineering majors. In fact, graduates of various technology degrees may have more formal instruction in safety than engineering graduates. 7) 8) Industrial hygienists are concerned primarily with mechanical and machine related hazards. 8) 9) Prescribing methods to eliminate environmental stressors in the workplace is the job of the environmental engineer. 9) 10) Recognizing the impact of environmental stressors on people is one of the responsibilities of the industrial hygienist. 10) 11) As the world gets flatter, safety professionals will have to become change leaders. 11) 12) Employers have sole responsibility for safety and health in the workplace. 12) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 13) Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the health physicist? 13) A) Measuring radioactive levels in biological samples B) Supervising decontamination activities C) Designing safety into nuclear components D) Monitoring radiation in the air 14) Occupational physicians are medical doctors who focus most of their attention on: 14) A) Anticipating and preventing problems B) Collaborating with health physicists C) Supervising occupational health nurses D) Treating workplace injuries 1

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    15) Occupational health nurses are concerned with conserving the health of workers through: 15) A) Prevention, recognition, and treatment B) Supporting occupational physicians C) Prescribing methods to eliminate common stressors D) Diagnosis and treatment 16) Risk reduction strategies and transferring risk to insurance companies is called: 16) A) Hazard reduction B) Transference C) Insurance fraud D) Risk management 17) The most widely pursued safety and health related certifications include: 17) A) Certified occupational health nurse B) Certified professional ergonomist C) Certified safety professional D) All of the above 18) Which of the following is NOT a reason for the emerging role of safety professionals? 18) A) The world is getting "flatter" B) Need to be able to partner with top leaders in organizations C) Less competition in the global marketplace D) Organizations are becoming leaner 19) Which of the following professional certification requires a minimum of 270 hours of training or teaching in safety, health, and environmental related areas? 19) A) Certified environmental, safety, and health trainer B) Associate safety professional C) Graduate safety professional D) Safety trained supervisor 2

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    Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED4 1) TRUE 2) FALSE 3) TRUE 4) FALSE 5) FALSE 6) TRUE 7) TRUE 8) FALSE 9) FALSE 10) TRUE 11) TRUE 12) FALSE 13) C 14) A 15) A 16) D 17) D 18) C 19) A 3

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    Chapter 5 The OSH Act, Standards, and Liability TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) The impetus for passing the OSH Act was that workplace accidents were causing an average of 14,000 deaths annually in the United States. 1) 2) Prior to the passage of the OSH Act, slightly less than 100,000 workers were disabled in workplace accidents annually. 2) 3) The broad mission of OSHA is to ensure to the extent possible that a worker in the United States has a safe and healthy work environment. 3) 4) Monitoring and evaluating state - level safety and health programs is NOT part of OSHA's mission. 4) 5) The OSH Act is restricted to organizations in the continental United States and Hawaii. 5) 6) Self - employed business people and family farms that employ only family members fall outside the jurisdiction of the OSH Act. 6) 7) State and local government agencies fall within the jurisdiction of the OSH Act. 7) 8) OSHA maintains two standing committees: 1) National Advisory Committee on Safety and Health, and 2) Advisory Committee on Construction Safety and Health. 8) 9) OSHA may take three types of action on standards: adopt, amend, or revoke. 9) 10) Before OSHA can adopt, amend, or revoke a standard, it must publish its intentions in the Federal Register. 10) 11) Under the OSH Law, employers are not responsible for the level of safety and health found in their workplace. 11) 12) OSHA regulations do not apply to federal government agencies except as advisories. 12) 13) People who work in state and local government are not covered by Federal OSHA regulations unless their state has adopted OSHA approved state safety programs. 13) 14) OSHA established standards in the following areas: General industry, Construction, Maritime, and Agriculture. 14) 15) OHSA has no authority to develop, adopt, or amend standards and must submit requests to Congress before doing so. 15) 16) OSHA takes a cautionary stand on safety incentives out of concern that they might cause companies to under - report incidents and accidents. 16) 17) An often - heard complaint about OSHA regulations as well as other government regulations is that they increase the cost of doing business. 17) 1

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    18) OSHA is able to enact new regulations that qualify as major rules without first analyzing their impact. 18) 19) OSHA's "Guide to Restroom Access for Transgender Workers" has been criticized as an example of the organization getting into politics that have nothing to do with safety. 19) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 20) Once an OSHA standard has been passed, it takes effect: 20) A) In 60 days B) After Congress has reviewed it C) Immediately D) On the prescribed date 21) What happens if an employer cannot immediately comply with a new OSHA standard? 21) A) The employer must petition its Congressman B) A fine is assessed C) A temporary variance can be awarded if requested D) A warning is given 22) Occupational illnesses and injuries must be reported if they result in one or more of the following: 22) A) An employee being fired for negligence B) A decline in the company's stock price C) Both A and B D) Neither A or B 23) All records for OSHA can be maintained on just three forms. These forms are: 23) A) OSHA accident form, OSHA injury form, and OSHA near miss form B) 1040EZ, 1040ES, and 1040EP C) Form 300, 301, and 300A D) None of the above 24) A set of standards, rules, or regulations relating to a specific area is known as a: 24) A) Standard operating procedures manual B) Congressional Act C) Body of knowledge D) Code 25) Which of the following states has adopted OSHA - approved state safety plans? 25) A) Connecticut B) New York C) New Jersey D) All of the above 26) When considering the development of or revisions to a standard, OSHA typically does what? 26) A) Requests a hearing before Congress B) Convenes a committee of interested business leaders C) Convenes a panel of safety and health experts D) Publishes an RFI or an ANPRM 27) When OSHA decides to proceed with issuing a new or revised standard it must do what? 27) A) Publish ads in newspapers and professional journals B) Contact affected companies by certified mail C) Publish a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) D) Testify before the appropriate Congressional committee 2

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    28) Which of the following gives small businesses a voice in developing and revising OSHA standards? 28) A) Small Business Agency of the U.S. Department of Labor B) U.S. Department of Commerce C) Small Business Development Centers at the local level D) Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Act (SBREFA) 29) Which of the following has the highest priority in OSHA for workplace inspections? 29) A) Imminent danger situations B) Follow - up inspections C) Targeted inspections of particular hazards D) Worker complaints 30) The OSHA program that protects employees who file complaints against their employers alleging unsafe working conditions is known as: 30) A) Employee Safety and Health Protection Program B) Whistleblower Program C) OSHA Hotline Program D) Worker Protection Program 31) OSHA's Program that focuses on employers that willfully and repeatedly endanger workers is known as: 31) A) OSHA's Repeat Offender Program B) OSHA's Severe Violator Enforcement Program C) OSHA's Whistleblower Program D) OSHA's DeMinimis Enforcement Program 32) When OSHA fines organizations for safety violations, where does the money go? 32) A) Wherever Congress determines B) To OSHA executives and employees as bonuses and salary enhancements C) To the U.S. treasury D) Divided with state - level OSHA programs 3

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