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NTC/409 Global Network Architecture and Design

An analysis of global network infrastructure and design principles.

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    Running head: STANDARDS 1 NTC/409 GLOBAL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN WEEK 1 DQ 1 As a network architect, you will be responsible for the logical and physical design of the network. Describe the differences between logical design and physical design. How does creating the logical design help the architect with the physical design? How the data flows through the network from one device to the next, is the logical design. It does not specify the technologies or standards to use unless there is a requirement needed in the network design. It focuses on the needs of the network, such as high speed access and considers things such as network growth and usage, cost, IP address blocks, and security. The actual interfaces and physical cables are not shown on the logical design diagrams, which gives us the true meaning of the term logical. The foundation for security which provides the framework stages needed for security is provided by a good logical design. Scalable security services should involve the servers, routers, switches, workstations and other devices on each layer using the network. The logical design provides information which will help capture, configure, and manage the complex essential parts that control the performance and capabilities of the network. Physical network design is the physical way the computers are set up and connected to the network including a diagram of the actual way the network will look. The actual layout of the physical part of the network includes the cables, hubs, routers, and switches, and workstations, and segments and host that appear on the actual layout. How they are presented, is the difference between logical and physical design of a network. The logical design is the one that shows the data flow, and the physical design shows the devices, and connections of the network. The same network is defined by the logical and physical networks working together. Fitzgerald, J., Dennis, A., & Durcikova, A. (2012). Business Data Communications and Networking (11th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. DQ 2 Describe a scenario where the traditional network design might be more favorable than a building - block approach. What are the risks when using the traditional network design model? Better suited for a structured environment a traditional network design is expensive and time consuming. It is designed for a network with little traffic and only does what it is designed to do, and takes time to develop, up to two years. A structured systems design and analysis process is followed like used to build application systems. There are four steps taken to design the network end user needs, and applications are determined, the amount of data traffic is estimated, and circuits needed to support traffic are designed, cost estimates are obtained,

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    and the network is implemented a year or two later. Because the technology of networking devices, computers, and the circuits change quickly, the amount of traffic is growing rapidly, and over the last 10 years the costs has change. For many networks today the traditional design approach is less appropriate. A simpler approach to network design, many organizations use is the building block approach. There are three phases, needs analysis, technology design, and cost assessment. After completing the cost assessment, the design process cycle repeats through the three phases again, and each phase is refined. Until a final design is made this cycle repeats through the three design phases. Reference: Fitzgerald, J., & Dennis, A. (2012). Business Data Communications and Networking. (11th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Wiley. DQ 3 OPTIONAL DQ 1 What are the major roles of a network manager in today’s business environment? What soft skills do you think a network manager must have? How do automated monitoring tools play a role in reducing network management costs A network manager’s job is to install and maintain the organization’s computer network. They have to ensure the staff is properly trained and have the skills needed to provide technical support for the network. So if a problem comes up with the network the network manager will need to have a recovery plan in place to minimize the down time to the network. Some of the soft skills that a network manager needs to h ave are the ability to think quickly on their feet. This comes in handy in case the network goes down the companies’ way of doing business may not cost them as much. They also need to be able to manage people properly, so the best people are in the best position to help avoid problems. If problems do, occur the right person will be available to help minimize the down time to the network. Network management cost is reduced by automating and distributing decision making processes using automated monitoring to ols. The use of network resources is optimized, and reliability of services is improved while decreasing downtime, which cuts management cost. This makes it possible for network operators to focus more on business logic and less on low level device configuration.

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    INDIVIDUAL WK 1 Switches, Routers, and Gateways WEEK 2 DQ 1 How does QoS play a role in integrated networks that have both voice and data traffic in a LAN and in a WAN? What are some other strategies that can be implemented to reduce latency issues with voice data? Quality of service (QoS) is the ability of a network to provide better service to selected network traffic, on an integrated network. The quality of the service needs to be at an equal level to provide a practical alternative to a public switch telephone network (PTSN). Voice traffic is sensitive to bandwidth issues and will cause problems if there are delays in the packets this is known as a jitter. To prevent jitter, less than 150 millisecond transmission times, is recommended. Voice packets must be given high priority for signaling and audio channels, over other network traffic for VoIP to guarantee high - quality transmission. It is important to ensure that when priority is provided for one or more flows it does not make other flows fail. To reduce latency issues, there must be enough bandwidth to support voice and data. Creating classifications and set up voice in a separate VLAN to avoid network congestion with the data. It is easier to classify the data by creating a VLAN for voice, and it will reduce network congestion. A way to reduce latency on the network with voice is by having fixed size cells. By allowing packets to flow smoothly among the network without any delay in the packet being sent or received latency, will be reduced. A lost packet will cause an issue with the quality of the voice that is being sent and received. Cisco. (n.d.). Quality of Service for Voice over IP. Retrieved from http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/solutions_docs/qos_solutions/QoSVoIP/QoSV oIP.html DQ 2 Explain the difference between analog and digital transmissions. What are some issues that analog signals might have that are solved by using digital transmissions? What requirements might you see with analog signals that are not relevant to digital signals?

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    Analog format is information transmitted by modulating a continuous transmission signal. Computers require modems to transmit signals over communication lines, such as telephone lines that carry analog signals to turn signals from digital analog. The signals must be turned back into digital form at the receiving end. A continuous signal that varies in amplitude, phase, or another property in proportion to an attribute of a variable is used by analog signals. The transmission of data is a signal used every day in the form of cellular devices, music, power lines, and telephones, which also means using antennas, satellites, and wires. In analog waves, things like air conditioners, fluorescent lights, and magnetic fields can add noise as the waves travel across a wire. This noise is electrical or electromagnetic energy, and it degrades the signal. There are devices that can transform analog signal to digital and back, most methods to do this are inaccurate. An exact transfer of data over a point to multipoint or point to point transmission standard such as optical fibers, copper wires, storage media, or wireless communications media, is a digital transmission. Transferred data is represented as an electro - magnetic signal, such as a microwave, and messages are transferred discretely. A digital modulation method is how they are always represented. Digital signals are discrete waveforms and analog signals are not. Because the signal is uniform and not altered in amplitude, or shape it is an advantage of digital over analog. Rodriguez, E. (2012). Analog Devices. Retrieved from http://www.skullbox.net/dva.php WK 2 Individual Forecasting and Monitoring Tools Paper Switches, Routers, and Gateways A switch is sometimes known as a switching hub, and it works at layer 2 of the OSI model it uses either the same cable or a different cable. They are used to connect devices together on a computer network. A switch will only send messages to devices that need it or sends it a request rather than broadcasting the message out of its ports like a hub. A router is very similar to a switch except it works on the network layer 3. A router connects a local network to other local networks. A router uses a feature t hat chooses the best route between networks. The router does this by knowing its location, so the packets find their destination. The best possible route is identified using a routing table that maintains the available routes and their conditions. It also performs other critical functions for efficient network operation. To connect to a DSL or cable modem for broadband Internet service routers have a WAN Port. A LAN can easily be created by users using the integrated switch. Gateways are more complex than routers or switches, and like a router it operates on the network layer but, gateways can also operate on the application layer. Also called protocol converters, gateways can operate at any network layer. Because it communicates using more than one protocol, a gateway is more complex than a router or switch. Gateways only process messages

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    that are specifically addressed to them, so they can route the messages to the appropriate networks. Gateways use a combination of hardware and software to link two different types of networks by converting different protocols. Gateways translate one network layer protocol into another, open sessions between application programs, and translate data link layer protocols, overcoming both software and hardware incompatibilities. A switch that is part of the data link layer or layer 2 is Ethernet considered a layer 2 switch. The layer 2 switch and the layer 3 switch both operate the same way, except the way messages are switched based on their IP address or network layers address. Instead of routers both switches can be used for faster transmission and each switch has more active ports than routers. Two or more network components are connected using routers operating on the same or different data link protocols but the same network protocols on the network layer. Because a router operates on the network link layer, the data link layer needs to be able to identify that the incoming messages are addressed to the routers data link layer before the message is sent to the data link layer and processed correctly. The router builds a new data link layer packet and processes the message and transmits it to t he other network. References: Fitzgerald, J., & Dennis, A. (2012). Business Data Communications and Networking. (11th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Wiley. Learning Team Riordan Manufacturing WAN Project Part I Create a 1 - to 2 - page project outline using outline format (roman numbers/letters) that assigns tasks for the following assignments to each team member: Riordan Manufacturing WAN Project Part I - Team A Riordan Manufacturing Part II – Due March 10 th , 2014 I. Create a new project model in OPNET® OpenIT (or VISIO) for the existing Riordan manufacturing WAN. Name your new model “Team A ” and replace the X with your team identifier . a. San Jose, CA i. MSVisio Current Network Layout () b. Albany, GA i. MSVisio Current Network Layout ()

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    c. Pontiac, MI i. MSVisio Current Network Layout () d. Hangzhou, China i. MSVisio Current Network Layout () Riordan Manufacturing WAN Project Part III – Due March 17 th , 2014 II. Write a 4 - 5 page paper based on your analysis of the existing WAN for Riordan Manufacturing that describes: the existing WAN, the weaknesses in the WAN, and your proposed upgrade to the WAN. a. Introduction () b. Network Analysis ( Existing WAN i. San Jose, CA () ii. Albany, GA () iii. Pontiac, MI ( ) iv. Hangzhou, China () c. Weaknesses () d. Proposed Upgrades () e. Conclusion () Riordan Manufacturing WAN Project Part IV – Due March 24 th , 2014 III. Make all appropriate changes to the WAN model for Riordan Manufacturing submitted in Week Three. a. San Jose, CA i. MSVisio Upgraded Network Layout () b. Albany, GA

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    i. MSVisio Upgraded Network Layout () c. Pontiac, MI i. MSVisio Upgraded Network Layout () d. Hangzhou, China i. MSVisio Upgraded Network Layout () WEEK 3 DQ 1 What role do the international standards for networking play in globalization? In your opinion, are the proprietary versions of some of these standards used by some networking and telecomm vendors a good or a bad thing? Explain your answer Networking standards are important internationally because they act as a formal document that establishes criteria for how processes are to be done. It is important to use the same standards for networking this allows the trade of goods to be done regardless of location. This also allows people in any country to see and access online merchants in other countries. These standards set what everyone will be able to do and how everything should work. Standards are used for a reason, and they help with issues that may arise. The three types of standards the proprietary, which is the original standard. It was set so organizations or individuals can develop a new network based technology, for their sole purpose. The main issue with this is that it is excluded from the development process. Open is available to any who wants to use it instead of the closely - guarded secret of one organization. De - Facto is the most commonly used standard type. Because it is used constantly across several different platforms, it is accepted by consumers and software and hardware developers. I believe it depends on the size of the company before deciding which version would be best for them to use. A large company has the IT people to fix any problems to occur so the proprietary version may be best. DQ 2 What different roles do the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the Wi - Fi Alliance play in wireless networking technologies? Why is there a need for both organizations instead of one? Wi - Fi® is a registered trademark owned by the Wi - Fi Alliance it gives wireless networking/wireless local area network (WLAN) an easy to understand name. IEEE and the Wi - Fi Alliance are two of the associations and agencies involved in establishing standards, rules, laws, etc. specify the policies and technology associated with wireless networking devices. (IEEE) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is a

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